IDEAL GAS LAW

EMILE CLAPEYRON
• Born in 1799. he was a French engineer and physicist and one of the
founders of thermodynamics.
• The law described how equal volumes of two gases,with the same
temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules. In
1834, Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron combined the work of Boyle,
Mariotte, Charles, and Gay-Lussac into an equation of state of a perfect
(or ideal) gas and this is PV = RoT where Ro was a gas-dependent
constant. In 1845, Victor Regnault cast Clapeyron's perfect gas equation
into the familiar ideal gas equation form by applying Avagadro's
hypothesis on the volume of one mole of an ideal gas, that is, PV = nRT
 IDEAL GAS
• The ideal gas is defined as a hypothetical gaseous substance whose
behavior is independent of attractive and repulsive forces and can be
completely described by the ideal gas law.
 IDEAL GAS
• Ideal gases are essentially pointed masses moving in constant,
random, straight-line motion
For a gas to be “ideal” there are four
governing assumptions:
1. The gas particles have negligible volume.
2. The gas particles are equally sized and do not have intermolecular
forces (attraction or repulsion) with other gas particles.
3. The gas particles move randomly in agreement with Newton’s Laws
of Motion.
4. The gas particles have perfect elastic collisions with no energy loss.
 IDEAL GAS LAW
• The Ideal Gas Law is a simple equation demonstrating the
relationship between temperature, pressure, andvolume for gases.
These specific relationships stem from all Simple Gas Laws
 IDEAL GAS EQUATION
• The product of Pressure & Volume of a gas bears a constant relation
with the product of Universal gas constant and the temperature.
PV=nRT
Where,
P = pressure of the gas
V = volume of the gas
n = amount of the gas
R= gas constant
T = temperature of the gas
 Four Gas Variables:
• P = pressure of the gas in atmosphere (atm)
• V = volume of the gas in liters (L)
• n = amount of the gas in moles (mol)
• T = temperature of the gas in Kelvins (K)
 STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE (STP)
• The universal value of STP is 1 atm (pressure) and 0 degree C. Note
that this form specifically stated 0o C degree, not 273 Kelvin, even
though you will have to convert into Kelvin when plugging this value
into the Ideal Gas equation or any of the simple gas equations.
• In STP, 1 mole of gas will take up 22.4 L of the volume of the
container.
 UNITS OF P,V,T
Factor Variable Units
Atm
Torr
Pressure P
Pa
mmHg
L (liter)
Volume V
m³ (cubic meter)
Moles n mol
Temperature T K
COMMON UNITS OF PRESSURE

Atmosphere atm 1 atm

Millimeter of Mercury mmHg 760 mmHg
Torr Torr 760 Torr
Pascal Pa 101326 Pa
Kilopascal kPa* 101.326 kPa
Bar bar 1.01325 bar
Millibar mb 1013.25 mb
 VALUE OF R
Value of R (gas constant) will change when dealing with a different
units of pressure and volume (Temperature factor is overlooked
because the temperature will always be in Kelvin instead of Celsius
when using the Ideal Gas equation)
 VALUE OF R
When choosing a value of R, choose the one with the appropriate
units of the given information (sometimes given units must be
converted accordingly). Here are some commonly used values of R:
Values of R
0.082057 L atm mol K
62.364 L Torr mol K
8.3145 m3 Pa mol K
8.3145 J mol K
 So, which value of R should I use?
Because of the various value of R, you can use to solve a problem, it
is crucial to match your units of Pressure, Volume, number of moles,
and Temperature with the units of R.

f you use the first value of R, which is 0.082057 L atm mol-1K-1, your
unit for pressure must be atm, for volume must be liter, for
temperature must be Kelvin.
• If you use the second value of R, which is 62.364 L Torr mol-1K-1,
your unit for pressure must be Torr, for volume must be liter, and for
temperature must be Kelvin.
How do you know the Ideal Gas Equation is the correct equation to
use?
sample problems