Cohen Chapter 11 Personality Assessment

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1. acculturation process by which an individual's thoughts, behaviors, val-

ues, identity, and worldview develop in relation to the gen-
eral thinking, behavior, customs, and values of a particular
cultural group (436-39)

2. acquiescent re- aka acquiescence

sponse style a way of responding to test items characterized by agree-
ment with whatever is presented (405)

3. Big Five Invento- (420)

ry (BFI)

4. control group 1) In an experiment: the untreated group

2) In test development: by means of criterion keying, a
group of randomly selected testtakers who do not nec-
essarily have in common the shared characteristic of the
standardization sample (424)

5. criterion standard against which a test or a test score is evaluated;

this standard may take many forms, including a specific
behavior or set of behaviors, (421)

6. criterion group reference group of testtakers who share characteristics

and whose responses to test items serve as a standard
by which items will be included or discarded from the final
version of a scale; the shared characteristic of the criterion
group will ary as a function of the nature and score of the
test being developed (421-23)

7. empirical criteri- process of using criterion groups to develop test items,

on keying where the scoring or keying of items has been demonstrat-
ed empirically to differentiate among groups of test takers
(421)

8. error of central less than accurate rating or evaluation by a rater or judge

tendency due to that rater's general tendency to make ratings at or
near the midpoint of the scale (403)

9. forced-choice
format
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item used in personality tests wherein each of two or more
choices has been predetermined to be equal in social
desirability (412)

10. frame of refer- in the context of item format, aspects of the focus of the
ence item such as the time frame (past, present or future)

11. generosity error aka leniency error

less than accurate rating or evaluation due to rater's gen-
eral tendency to be lenient or insufficiently critical (403)

12. graphology handwriting analysis for purpose of deriving insights into

personality (410)

13. halo effect type of rating error wherein the rater views the object of
the ring with extreme favor and tends to bestow ratings
inflated in a positive direction; a set of circumstances
resulting in a rater's tendency to be positively disposed
and insufficiently critical (403)

14. identity set of cognitive and behavioral characteristics by which

individuals define themselves as members of a particular
group; one's sense of self (438)

15. ideographic ap- approach to assessment characterized by efforts to learn

proach about each individual's unique constellation of personality
traits, with no attempt to characterize each person accord-
ing to any particular set of traits (414)

16. impression man- attempting to manipulate other's opinions an impressions

agement through the selective exposure of some information, in-
cluding false information, usually coupled with suppres-
sion of other information, may be "fake good" or "fake bad"
(405)

17. instrumental val- guiding principles in the attainment of some objective (i.e.
ues honesty and ambition) (438)

18. leniency error aka generosity error (403)

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19. locus of control self-perceived source of what happens to oneself (408)

20. MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (409, 416,

423-27), 14 years old above

21. MMPI-2 427-29, 18 years old and above

22. MMPI-w-RF 429-33, Corrected overlapping items (distinctiveness and

discriminant validity)

23. MMPI-A 433-34, 14-18 years old

24. nomothetic ap- approach to assessment characterized by efforts to learn

proach how a limited number of personality traits can be applied
to all people (414)

25. personality individuals unique constellation of psychological traits

and states, including aspects of values, interests, atti-
tudes, worldview, acculturation, sense of identify, sense of
homer, cognitive and behavioral styles (394)

26. personality as- measurement and evaluation of psychological traits,

sessment states, values, interests, attitudes, worldview, accultura-
tion, identity (393-99)

27. personality pro- description, graph, or table representing the extent to

file which person has demonstrated a particular pattern of
traits and states (398)

28. personality trait any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one
individual varies from another (394-96)

29. personality type constellation of traits and states that is similar in pattern
to one identified category of personality within a taxonomy
of personalities (396-98)

30. profile narrative description, graph, table, or other representation

of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain
targeted characteristics as a result of the administration or
application of tools of assessment (398)

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31. profile analysis interpretation of patterns of scores on a test or test battery,
frequently used to generate diagnostic hypotheses from
intelligence test data (398)

32. profiler an occupation associated with law enforcement; one who

creates psychological profiles of crime suspects to help
law enforcement personnel capture the profiled suspect
(398)

33. Q-sort technique assessment technique in which the task is to sort a group
of statements, usually in perceived rank order ranging
form most to least descriptive; may be sorted to reflect
various perceptions (411-13)

34. response style tendency to respond to a test item or interview question

in some characteristic manner regardless of content (i.e.
tendency to agree or present oneself as favorable) (405-6)

35. self-concept one's attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and related thoughts

about oneself (401)

36. self-concept dif- degree to which an individual has different self-concepts

ferentiation in different roles (401)

37. self-concept instrument designed to yield information about how an in-

measure dividual sees himself with regard to selected psychological
variables (401)

38. self-report process wherein an assessee supplies personal informa-

tion in forms such as responding to questions or self
monitored thoughts (400-02)

39. severity error less than accurate rating or error in evaluation due to the
rater's tendency to be overly critical (403)

40. state transitory exhibition of a traite, indicative of a relatively

temporary predisposition to behave in a particular way (i.e.
personality state) (398)

41.
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structured inter- questions posed by a guide with little if any leeway to
view deviate from the guide (410)

42. terminal values guiding principles and a mode of behavior that are an
endpoint objective; for example "a comfortable life"

43. Type A personali- Friedman and Rothman: personality characterized by

ty competitiveness, haste, restlessness, impatience, feelings
of time pressure, and need for achievement and domi-
nance (397)

44. Type B personali- traits opposite to type A (397)

ty

45. validity scale sub scale of a test designed to assist in judgments regard-
ing how honestly the test taker responded and whether or
not observed responses were products of response style,
carelessness, efforts to deceived, or misunderstanding
(406)

46. values that which an individual prizes (436)

47. Welsh code shorthand summary of test taker's scores on the MMPI
(427)

48. worldview unique way people interpret and make sense of their
perceptions in light of their learning experiences, cultural
background, and related variables (439)

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