Laboratory Management Information System

Laboratory Information Systems are constructed with three

main components. One of them is the management system,
which sets the organization's goals and objectives, develops
strategies and tactics, and plans, schedules, and controls the
system.People usually do this tasks and use machines to help
them. The other components are information structure and
computer system.(1)
Speaking of data storage, data may be stored via two systems:
online transactional processing (OLTP) and online analytical
processing (OLAP). Online transactional processing systems
(OLTP) provides mostly operational support, this type of
storage is tuned for fast insert, update and selection. Online
analytical processing (OLAP) systems provide mostly reporting Laboratory Management Information
support, this type of storage uses data originated from OLTP System components
systems, which is then refactored for reporting and analysis.
Most epidemiology and surveillance systems are OLAP systems. (2)

Index

1. Hardware

2. Software

3. Database

4. Network

5. Processes

6. Skateholders

7. References

HARDWARE
The hardware must have compatibility with different operating systems, be suitable for the workload and must
act as a data server. (3)
May include items such as CPU, memory, motherboard, printers, bar code readers, among others. (5)
There is Standard RS-232C defines the way by which data is moved through communication links and it is most
commonly used with ASCII characters for transmission.
Software
Ideally, the software must have an open database, in such a way that the data is exploitable from external
applications, both clinical care, research, administrative and public in some informative and informative
aspects, through standard protocols (SQL, ODBC, etc.), must have a global communication system, such as
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) over TCP-IP and a hardware-independent programming language, such as
Java. Laboratory computer systems do not always have all of these features, but they work just as well. Some
examples of software that are used in the administrative management of the Clinical Laboratory are SILAB and
MediSystem Laboratory 21. (3)

Database
The laboratory database consists of all the transactions that take place in the laboratory, such as registration,
verification, generation of reports, etc., each one is linked to a person, a time and a place; it also has a list with
all reference ranges, breakpoints, cost and pricing information, patient results, and more. The database is
relational because it helps decision support systems. (1)

Network
This system is accessed through a local network and internet by web browsers.
There are certain standars of messaging such as HL7 (sets the basic communication architecture and provides
the vocabulary to accomplish integration) and for encoding the message there are also SNOMED (which
assigns discrete numbers to components of a diagnosis, procedure, or etiology), LOIC and CIE - ICD. (1)(5)
WEB browsers interpret the HTLM code in which the web page was generally written and present it to the user
so that he can interact and navigate to them, as well as the visualization of text documents. (4)

Processes
The process of the laboratory computer system is divided into three stages: pre-analytical, analytical and post-
analytical.
The process begins with the pre-analytical stage that integrates the management of requests and appointments,
the analytical stage stores the results of the analysis and finally the post-analytical phase outputs a results report.
You can also export the reports to other systems or add them to the patient's file. (4)

Skatehokders
The people involved are the doctor, administrative staff, as well as technicians and users.
The doctor is in charge of making the requests through the EMR to start the process, the technicians are
responsible for running the laboratory machines that analyze the samples and send the information to the
computer system, the administrative staff are in charge of calculating the costs, Lastly, the users are the patients
who receive the results through their electronic file, and are also in charge of requesting the consultation. (4)(6)
References
1. Cowan DF. Informatics for the clinical laboratory: A practical guide [Internet]. Cowan DF, editor.
Nueva York, NY, Estados Unidos de América: Springer; 2003. Disponible en:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b99090
2. Association of Public Health Laboratories (APLH). Laboratory Information Systems Project
Management: A Guidebook for International Implementations [Internet]. 2018. Disponible en:
https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/GH-2018Nov-LIS-Guidebook-web.pdf
3. José M, Fernando O. Sistema Informático para la planificacion y gestión administrativa para el
departamento de laboratorio clinico del Hospital Nacional Santa Teresa. [El Salvador]: Universidad
De El Salvador; 2012.
4. Cintya S. Estudio de mercado para la comercialización de plataformas informáticas dirigidas a la
administración de laboratorios clínicos en Guatemala [Internet]. [Guatemala]: Universidad de San
Carlos de Guatemala; 2019. Disponible en:
https://biblioteca-farmacia.usac.edu.gt/Tesis/MAIES273.pdf
5. Jesús G, Alejandro G, María O, Jesús V. Procedimiento de Microbiología Clínica [Internet].
Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC); 2021.
Disponible en: https://seimc.org/contenidos/documentoscientificos/procedimientosmicrobiologia/
seimc-procedimiento72.pdf
6. José M, Fernando O. Sistema informático para la planificación y gestión administrativa para el
departamento de laboratorio clínico del hospital nacional santa teresa [Internet]. [El Salvador]:
Universidad de El Salvador; 2012. Disponible en:
https://ri.ues.edu.sv/id/eprint/2284/1/Sistema_inform%C3%A1tico_para_la_planificaci
%C3%B3n_y_gesti%C3%B3n_administrativa_para_el_departamento_de_laboratorio_cl
%C3%ADnico_del_hospital_nacional_Santa_Teresa.pdf