UNIT ONE – NEW BUSINESS

I - ECONOMIC TERMS
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

the difference in value between a country's imports and

1 Balance of trade (n) cá n câ n thương mạ i
exports.

cashflow/ flow of cash

2 the amount of money moving into and out dò ng tiền
(n)

3 entrepreneur (n) someone who starts their own business doannh nhâ n khở i nhà doanh nghiệp

the rate at which the currency of one country can be

4 exchange rate (n) tỉ giá hố i đoá i
changed for the currency of another country

5 foreign investment (n) money from overseas đầ u tư nướ c ngoà i

GDP (gross domestic the total value of goods and services produced by a
6 tổ ng sả n phẩ m quố c nộ i
product) (n) country in a year

government bureaucracy
7 official rules/ regulations/ paperwork thủ tụ c hà nh chính
(n)

the rate at which prices increase over time, causing the

8 inflation rate (n) tỉ lệ lạ m phá t
value of money to fall

the percentage amount that you pay for borrowing money,

9 interest rate (n) lã i suấ t
or get for lending money, for a period of time

all the people in a particular country who are of the right

10 labour force (n) age to work, or all the people who work for a particular lự c lượ ng lao độ ng
company

11 monetary policy (n) actions taken by a government to control the amount of chính sá ch tiền tệ
 money in an economy and how easily available it is

12 stimulate (v) to make something develop or become more active kích thích

a reduction in taxes that encourages companies or people

13 tax incentives (n) ưu đã i thuế
to do something that will help the country's economy

the percentage of people in a country or area who do not

14 unemployment rate (n) tỉ lệ thấ t nghiệp
have jobs.

II – READING: THE HUMAN TOUCH

No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1 buy into one's vision believe in one’s idea Tin và o mộ t điều gì đó

a group of people who do the main part of a job or piece of

2 core team (n) độ i ngũ nò ng cố t
work.

a closely connected group of people, companies, etc. that

3 network (n) mạ ng lướ i (quan hệ)
exchange information, etc.netn

III – WEATHER
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1 damp (adj) slightly wet, often in a way that is unpleasant ẩ m thấ p

2 drizzling (adj) raining slightly mưa phù n

3 hazy (adj) not clear because of haze mù sương

4 humid (adj) warm and damp ẩ m, nồ m

5 mild (adj) not very cold Ô n hò a

6 overcast (adj) covered with clouds u ám

7 pouring (adj) raining heavily mưa rà o

8 roasting (adj) so hot that you feel uncomfortable Nó ng bứ c

 UNIT TWO – MARKETING
I – PRODUCT POLICY
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

a massive interest in a brand or a excessive expectation

1 advertising hype (n) regarding a future launch, created as a the result of a
campaign specifically conceived for the purpose.

all the help and information that it provides to customers

2 after-sales service (n) dịch vụ hậ u mã i
after they have bought a particular product.

the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a

3 brand awareness (n) độ nhậ n diện thương hiệu
particular brand

features and ideas that customers connect in their minds

4 brand image (n) hình ả nh thương hiệu
with a particular product or brand.

the habit of always buying products from a particular

5 brand loyalty (n) lò ng trung thà nh thương hiệu
brand

the name given to a particular product by the company

6 brand name (n) tên thương hiệu
that makes it

the process of using an existing brand name for new

7 brand stretching (n) sự mở rộ ng thương hiệu
products or services.

customer who buy various competing products rather ngườ i hay đổ i dù ng cá c nhã n hiệu khá c
8 brand-switcher (n)
than being loyal to a particular brand. nhau

channel of distribution one of the methods that are used for selling a company's
9 kênh phâ n phố i
(n) products or services

10 component (n) one of several parts of which something is made thà nh phầ n, bộ phậ n
11 constitute (v) to be the parts that together form something cấ u thà nh

the possibility of paying for a product over an extended

12 credit facilities (n) cung cấ p tín dụ ng, thấ u chi tín dụ ng
period

13 down-market (adj) lower in quality and cheaper in price. bình dâ n, giá rẻ

14 end user (n) the person who actually uses a particular product. ngườ i dù ng cuố i, ngườ i dù ng thuầ n tuý

to make something seem larger, more important, better, or

15 exaggerate (v) thổ i phồ ng, phó ng đạ i quá mứ c
worse than it really is.

a method of paying for something in which the buyer pays

16 hire purchase (n) part of the cost immediately and then makes small regular trả gó p
payments until the debt is completely paid.

the addition of new products to a product range to make it

17 line-filling (n) lấ p đầ y dò ng sả n phẩ m
more complete

the addition of a product or service with different features,

18 line-stretching (n) mở rộ ng dò ng sả n phẩ m
sizes, prices, etc., to an existing range of products:

a group of possible customers who are similar in their

19 market segment (n) đoạ n thị trườ ng
needs, age, education, etc.

the sales of a company expressed as percentage of total

20 market share (n) thị phầ n
sales in a given market.

the set of actions, or tactics, that a company uses to

21 marketing mix (n) phố i thứ c marketing
promote its brand or product in the market.

the approach of the company to market several similar

22 multi-brand strategy (n) and competitive brands of the same company under the chiến lượ c đa thương hiệu
guise of different brand names.

23 niche (market) (n) a small area of trade within the economy, often involving thị trườ ng ngá ch
 specialized products.

the activity of keeping good relationships between an

24 P.R. (pulic relation) quan hệ cô ng chú ng
organization and the general public.

the activity of speaking to people, either directly or on the

25 personal selling (n) bá n hà ng trự c tiếp cá nhâ n
phone, to try and persuade them to buy something

a way of advertising a product through the use of a well- thuê ngườ i nổ i tiếng quả ng bá cho sả n
26 product endorsement (n)
known person. phẩ m hoặ c là m đạ i sứ thương hiệu

the process of introducing a new product for sale for the

27 product launch (n) tung ra sả n phẩ m mớ i
first time.

the stages in a particular product's existence: introduction,

28 product lifecycle (n) growth or increasing sales, maturity (= slow or no increase vò ng đờ i sả n phẩ m
in sales), and decline or reduction in sales.

a range of similar products or services that are sold by the

dò ng sả n phẩ m (chiều dọ c)
29 product line (n) same company, with different features and different
EX: cá c dò ng iPhone (6, 7, X, Xs, 11, etc.)
prices.

the combination of products and services that a company danh mụ c sả n phẩ m/ phố i thứ c sả n
30 product mix (n)
sells phẩ m/ hệ sả n phẩ m

hình thứ c quả ng cá o sả n phẩ m thô ng qua

a way of advertising a product by supplying it for use in việc lồ ng ghép sả n phẩ m và o phim, đạ o
31 product placement (n)
films or television programmes. diễn để xuấ t hiện cả nh diễn viên sử dụ ng
sả n phẩ m trong phim

dò ng sả n phẩ m (chiều ngang)

32 product range (n) all the types of products that a company or store sells.
EX: iPhone, iPad, Macbook, etc

the fact that something produces or is likely to produce a

33 profitability (n) khả nă ng sinh lờ i
profit.
 34 promotion (n) activities to advertise something quả ng bá

the attention that a person, product, or organization

35 publicity (n) hoạ t độ ng quả ng cá o
receives from newspapers, television, etc.

36 retail outlet (n) a store that sells goods to the public cử a hà ng bá n lẻ

a type of product or service that can only be possessed or

37 rival product (n) consumed by a single user, creating competition and sả n phẩ m cạ nh tranh
demand for it

of very high quality and intended to be bought by people

38 up-market (adj) dà nh cho giớ i thượ ng lưu, cao cấ p
who are quite rich.

a promise by a manufacturer to repair defective goods

39 warranty (n) bả o hà nh
during a certain period.

II – MARKET
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

a test in which either the people being tested or the person

1 blind testing khả t sá t mù /khả o sá t bịt mắ t
testing them, or both, do not know what is being tested

a kind of survey where a researcher visits households and

2 dustbin survey (kiểm tra thù ng rá c)
studies the labels of the products consumed.

3 individual interview - phỏ ng vấ n cá nhâ n

4 online vl - khả o sá t trự c tuyến

5 perceive (v) to notice or become aware of something thấ y, nhậ n thấ y

6 postal survey - khả o sá t qua thư tín

7 response (n) a reply or an answer phả n hồ i

 a kind of survey in which the reseachers interview
street survey
8 passers-by and ask them a list of carefully chosen khả o sá t đườ ng phố
questionnaire
questions.

(v) - to direct something (especially advertising or a

product) at a particular group of people or a particular (v) – nhắ m đến
9 target (v, n)
area (n) – mụ c tiêu
(n) - a result that you try to achieve

target consumer/ the type of person that a company wants to sell its
10 khá ch hà ng mụ c tiêu
customer/ buyer (n) products or services to

11 telephone survey - khả o sá t qua điện thoạ i

III – MEETING
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with

1 agreement (n) somebody sự thoả thuậ n
 reach an agreement

an agreement made between two sides in which each side

2 compromise (n) gives up some of the things they want so that both sides sự thoả hiệp
are happy at the end

3 consensus (n) an opinion that all members of a group agree with sự đồ ng lò ng, nhấ t trí

to move away from the main subject you are writing or

4 digress (v) talking about lạ c đề
 digressive (adj)
 a summary or record of what is said or decided at a formal
5 minutes (n) biên bả n
meeting

doing something at the agreed or correct time and not

6 punctuality (n) sự đú ng giờ
being late
 UNIT THREE – NEGOTIATION
I – PROCEDURES OF NEGOTIATION
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1 adversarial (adj) involving people opposing or disagreeing with each other đố i lậ p, đố i địch

2 agenda (n) a list of items to be discussed at a meeting chương trình nghị sự

3 anticipate (v) to expect something lườ ng trướ c

1. (v) to express or explain your thoughts or feelings

clearly in words;
4 articulate (v, adj) 2. (adj) good at expressing ideas or feelings clearly in nó i rõ rang
words (person);
3. (adj) clearly expressed or pronounced (speech)

1. (n) an agreement made between two sides in which

each side gives up some of the things they want so that
both sides are happy at the end;
5 compromise (n, v) thoả hiệp
2. (v) to give up some of your demands after a
disagreement with somebody, in order to reach an
agreement

something that is allowed or given up, often in order to

6 concession (n) sự nhượ ng bộ
end a disagreement

7 contention (n) the disagreement that results from opposing arguments sự bấ t đồ ng

a return proposal made by one who has rejected a

8 counter-proposal (n) đề nghị ngượ c lạ i
proposal

9 deal point (n) an individual item or element in a negotiation điểm thoả thuậ n
 1. (n) an argument or a disagreement between two people,
groups or countries;
10 dispute (v, n) tranh luậ n, tranh chấ p
2. (v) to argue or disagree strongly with somebody about
something

11 finalize (v) to complete the last part of a plan, trip, project, etc. hoà n tấ t

12 get down to sth begin to do something, give serious attention to something bắ t tay và o là m gì

asking too many questions and trying to find out about

13 inquisitive (adj) tò mò
what other people are doing, etc

14 kick off to start bắ t đầ u

to fail to solve a difficult situation, or to let someone

14 leave sth hanging trì hoã n
remain in a difficult situation without solving it

formal discussion between people who are trying to reach

15 negotiation (n) đà m phá n
an agreement

not supporting or helping either side in a disagreement,

16 neutral (adj) trung lậ p
competition, etc

a question that cannot be answered with a "yes" or "no"

17 open-ended question (n) - câ u hỏ i đả o
response, or with a static response

something that decides or limits the way in which

18 parameter (n) tham số , thô ng số
something can be done

19 perspective (n) a way of thinking about something quan điểm

the act of persuading somebody to do something or to

20 persuasion (n) sự thuyết phụ c
believe something

something that you think is more important than other

21 priority (n) ưu tiên
things and should be dealt with first
 activity that is trying hard to discover the truth about
22 probing (n) thă m dò
something

23 requirement (n) something that you need or want yêu cầ u

24 scenario (n) a description of how things might happen in the future bố i cả nh, viễn cả nh

25 set sth aside to move something to one side until you need it tạ m gá c lạ i

26 socialize (v) to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way hoà nhậ p

27 trade-off (n) the act of balancing two opposing things sự đá nh đổ i

II – NEGOTIATING STYLES
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1. (n) a thing bought for less than the usual price;

1. mó n hờ i
1 bargain (n, v) 2. (v) to discuss prices, conditions, etc. with somebody in
2. mặ c cả
order to reach an agreement that is acceptable

1. wanting very much to win or be more successful than

2 competitive (adj) other people; cạ nh tranh
2. involving competition

involving doing something together or working together

3 co-operative (adj) hợ p tá c
with others towards a shared aim

4 credibility (n) the fact that someone can be believed or trusted sự tín nhiệm

5 goodwill (n) friendly or helpful feelings towards others thiện chí, lò ng tố t

6 haggle (v) to argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement mặ c cả , cò kè, cã i nhau

7 hostile (adj) strongly rejecting something phả n đố i kịch liệt

8 impersonal (adj) not referring to any particular person khá ch quan

connected with language or the scientific study of

9 linguistic (adj) liên quan đến ngô n ngữ
language

that you can discuss or change before you make an

10 negotiable (adj) có thể đà m phá n đượ c
agreement or a decision

the transmission of signals through a nonverbal platform

11 non-verbal signal (n) such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, tín hiệu phi ngô n ngữ
and the distance between two individuals.

12 one-off contract (n) the contract that happens or is made or done only once hợ p đồ ng đọ c hữ u (khô ng có lầ n hai)

a person that you are playing or fighting against in a game,

13 opponent (n) đố i thủ
competition, argument, etc.

14 partnership (n) the state of being a partner in business quan hệ đố i tá c

a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a

14 policy (n) chính sá ch
business, etc

connected with the rituals performed as part of a

15 ritualistic (adj) theo nghi thứ c
ceremony

16 tactic (n) the particular method you use to achieve something thủ thuậ t

take sth into account/

17 to consider sth câ n nhắ c
take account of sth

18 unscrupulous (adj) without moral principles; not honest or fair vô lương tâ m

 UNIT FOUR – MONEY
I – FINANCIAL TERMS
No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1 bankruptcy (n) the state of not having enough money to pay what you owe phá sả n

2 consolidate (v) to join things together into one; to be joined into one hợ p nhấ t

- the total profit that is made by all the companies

tổ ng lờ i
3 consolidated profit belonging to a business group, when all the individual
 consolidated profit and loss: tổ ng lờ i lỗ
profit is added together

4 debt (n) a sum of money that somebody owes nợ

an amount of the profits that a company pays to people

5 dividend (n) cổ tứ c
who own shares in the company

EPS – earnings per share a company's profits over a particular period divided by the
6 lợ i nhuậ n (thu nhậ p) tính trên 1 cổ phiếu
(n) number of its shares

1. (n) a statement about what will happen in the future,

based on information that is available now
7 forecast (n, v) dự bá o
2. (v) to say what you think will happen in the future
based on information that you have now

biên lợ i nhuậ n gộ p/tỷ suấ t lợ i nhuậ n gộ i

the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold
8 gross margin (n) (chênh lệch giữ a doanh thu và giá vố n
divided by revenue
hà ng bá n chia cho doanh thu)

9 gross profit (n) the total sales of the firm minus the total cost of the goods lợ i nhuậ n gộ p (mứ c chênh lệch giữ a
sold. doanh thu và chi phí củ a hà ng hoá bá n ra,
chưa trừ đi chi phí sả n xuấ t củ a doanh
 nghiệp)

money which people or organization put into a business to

10 investment (n) đầ u tư
make profit

to produce new stamps, coins, shares, etc. for sale to the

11 issue (v) phá t hà nh
public

a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is

12 recession (n) less trade and industrial activity than usual and more suy thoá i kinh tế
people are unemployed

13 revenue (n) the money that an organization receives from its business doanh thu

14 shareholder (n) an owner of shares in a company or business cổ đô ng

the activity of buying and selling shares in particular

14 stock market (n) companies, and the people and organizations involved in thị trườ ng chứ ng khoá n
this

the total amount of goods or services sold by a company

15 turnover (n) doanh số
during a particular period of time
 CONSOLIDATED PROFIT AND LOSS (Tổng lời/lỗ)
For the year ended Dec 31 in 2019
Forecast Actual
Turnover (sales revenue) (doanh số) 700 704
Other earnings
Money in
Gains on fixed assets and operations
(tiền thu 250 244
đượ c) (thu nhập từ tài sản cố định và sản xuất)
Interest receivable on investments
175 162
(lợi tức thu được từ các khoản đầu tư)
Cost of making goods (chi phí sản xuất sản phẩm)
Money out Cost of materials and all manufacturing expenses
(100) (70)
(tiền mấ t đi) (chi phí NVL và chi phí SX chung)
Salaries and personal costs (lương và chi phí lao động) (200) (190)
Gross profit (lợi nhuận gộp) 825 840
Other cost and expenses
Indirect costs and overheads (chi phí vận hành) (25) (22)
Research and development costs (chi phí R&D) (50) (75)
Other money Loss on fixed assets (hao mòn TSCĐ) (25) (25)
out Loss on foreign operations
(100) (88)
(chi phí từ hoạt động nước ngoài)
Marketing and distribution costs
(100) (123)
(chi phí marketing và phân phối)
Trading/operation/pre-tax profit
525 507
(Lợi nhuận trước thuế)
Profit for shareholders (Dividend)
95 57
(Cổ tức chia cho các cổ đông)
Retained profit (lợi nhuận giữ lại) 430 422
 Revenue
+ Other earnings
- Cost of making goods
= Gross profit
- Other cost and expenses
= Trading/Pre-tax profit
- Taxes, interest paid
- Dividend
= Retained profit

II – READING: REPORTING FINANCIAL SUCCESS

No. Word Definition Vietnamese meaning

1 consumer spending (n) the money people spend on goods and services chi tiêu củ a khá ch hà ng

2 cultivate (v) to try to develop and improve something chuyên tâ m cả i thiện

3 international division (n) part of a company which deals with or is located overseas bộ phậ n/phò ng Quố c tế

4 merchandise (n) goods that are for sale in a shop/store hà ng hoá

5 optimism (n) a feeling that good things will happen sự lạ c quan

decreasing or freezing the price of goods and services in

6 price pressure (n) á p lự c giá cả
order to gain an advantage over competitors

7 tax refund (n) money given back at the end of the financial year hoà n thuế

8 turnaround (n) a situation in which something changes from bad to good bướ c ngoặ t

III - GIVING PRESENTATIONS

 No. Word Vietnamese meaning

1 bar chart (n) biểu đồ cộ t

2 table (n) bả ng biểu

3 technical drawing (n) bả n vẽ kĩ thuậ t (kiến trú c,…)

4 flow chart (n) lưu đồ (process, workflow)

5 map (n) bả n đồ

6 (line) graph (n) biểu đồ đườ ng

7 pie chart (n) biểu đồ trò n

organizational chart/
8 sơ đồ tổ chứ c
organigram (n)

Unit 5 : Letter
Useful languege 
1. Staring a letter:
 Thank you for your letter of June 14
 I am just writing to confirm
2. Explaining the reason for writing:
 We are writing to inform you that 
3. Giving a bad new:
 I regret to inform you that 
4. Giving a good new:
  We are please to annouce
5. Giving information:
 Further to our meeting last Friday
 Further to your enquiry, we are pleased to enclose
 I wish to advise you that according to the term of our agreement
 We are writing to give you further information about
 With reference to your enquiry of 13 May, I am enclosing details of
6. Apologizing:
 We deeply regret any inconvenience caused by
7. Ending a letter:
 Do not hesitate to contact us again if you need further assistance
 If you have any further questions, please contact us
 We look forward to hearing from you…
1. Acknowledge previous correspondence
 We thank you for your letter of 3 April quoting prices and delivery and delivery terms for
 We thank you for the samples / price list / catalogue which you sent us
Công nhận thư từ trước đó
- Chúng tôi cảm ơn bạn vì thư của bạn ngày 3 tháng 4 trích dẫn giá và điều khoản giao hàng và giao hàng cho
- Chúng tôi cảm ơn bạn về các mẫu / bảng giá / danh mục mà bạn đã gửi cho chúng tôi
2. State your reaction to the prices, discount, sample , ect.
 We have examined the samples and are satisfiel with their quality
 We would like to say that 25% trade discount is quite satisfactory
 I …and we will certainly take advantage of the cash discount you offered for prompt settlement
  We are satisfied  that the quoted term are acceptable
Nêu phản ứng của bạn với giá cả, giảm giá, mẫu, ect.
- Chúng tôi đã kiểm tra các mẫu và hài lòng với chất lượng của chúng
- Chúng tôi muốn nói rằng chiết khấu thương mại 25% là khá thỏa đáng
- Tôi và chúng tôi chắc chắn sẽ tận dụng chiết khấu tiền mặt mà bạn đưa ra để giải quyết kịp thời
- Chúng tôi hài lòng rằng thuật ngữ được trích dẫn là chấp nhận được
3. Place the order
 We therefore enclose our official order form no.41 for
Đặt hàng
- Do đó, chúng tôi gửi kèm mẫu đơn đặt hàng chính thức số 41 cho
4. Confirm term of payment OR suggest terms of payment.
 As agree, payment is to be made by Document Credit
 Our usual method of payment is by… and we just that this will be acceptable to you
 As agree you will draw on us at 30 days , document against acceptance, with the document being sent to our bank at….
Xác nhận thời hạn thanh toán HOẶC đề xuất các điều khoản thanh toán.
- Theo thỏa thuận, thanh toán sẽ được thực hiện bằng Tín dụng Tài liệu
- Phương thức thanh toán thông thường của chúng tôi là bằng cách và chúng tôi cho rằng điều này sẽ được bạn chấp nhận
- Theo thỏa thuận, bạn sẽ rút tiền cho chúng tôi sau 30 ngày, tài liệu chống lại sự chấp nhận, với tài liệu được gửi đến ngân
hàng của chúng tôi tại.
5. Set deadline of delivery ( if appropriate)
  Please confirm that you can complete the work before the end of March.
 Delivery before February is a firm condition of this order
 It is esential that the goods are delivered before that beginning of November
 Delivery before 5 May is a firm condition of the order
Đặt thời hạn giao hàng (nếu thích hợp)
- Vui lòng xác nhận rằng bạn có thể hoàn thành công việc trước cuối tháng ba.
- Giao hàng trước tháng hai là một điều kiện vững chắc của đơn đặt hàng này
- Điều quan trọng là hàng hóa được giao trước đầu tháng 11
- Giao hàng trước ngày 5 tháng 5 là một điều kiện vững chắc của đơn hàng
6. Close the letter and add a formal ending.
 Once we have received your advice, we will sent a bank’s draft to..
 Could you please ship by scheduled freighter to avoid any unnecessary delays?
 Please remember that only airfreight will ensure prompt delivery
Đóng thư và thêm một kết thúc chính thức.
- Khi chúng tôi nhận được lời khuyên của bạn, chúng tôi sẽ gửi bản nháp ngân hàng đến ..
- Bạn có thể vui lòng gửi bằng máy bay theo lịch trình để tránh bất kỳ sự chậm trễ không cần thiết?
- Xin nhớ rằng chỉ có hàng không mới đảm bảo giao hàng nhanh chóng