Community and Public Health for Medical Laboratory Science

LECTURE
Chapter 2: HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH Biology  Age
and  Sex
THE DETERMINATS OF HEALTH genetics  HIV status
Policy  Policies at the local, state, and  Inherited conditions such as Sickle
making federal level affect individual and cell anemia hemophilia, and cystic
population health. fibrosis.
 Carrying the BRCA 1 or BRCA 2
Social  Reflect the social factors and
factors physical conditions of the gene, which increases risk for breast
environment in which people are and ovarian cancer
 Family history of heart disease
born, live, learn, play, work, and age.
Also known as social and physical
determinants of health, they impact a COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
wide range of health, functioning, and Part of a process that brings people together to
quality of life outcomes. collectively address problems, concerns or issues
Examples of Social determinants with a goal of enhancing self determination,
 Availability of resources to meet daily needs achieving greater equality and affecting shift in
 Social norms and attitudes (e.g. discrimination) power relationship to benefit member of
 Exposure to crime, violence and social disorder oppressed communities.
 Social support and social interactions Murray G, Ross
 Exposure to mass medias and emerging  Community organization is a process by which
technologies a community identifies needs and takes action.
 Socioeconomic conditions Eduard C. Lindeman (1921)
 Quality schools  Community organization is that phase of social
 Transportation options organization which constitutes a conscious effort
 Public safety on the part of a community to control it affairs
 Residential segregation democratically and to secure the highest services
Examples of Physical determinants from its specialist, organization, agencies, and
 Natural environment institutions by means of recognized inter relations.
 Built environment Walter W. Pettit (1925)
 Worksites, schools and recreational settings  Community organization is perhaps best
 Housing, home and neighborhoods defined as assisting a group of people to recognize
 Exposure to toxic substances and other physical their common needs and helping them to meet
hazards these need.
 Physical barriers especially to people with *see PPT sa iba* ヾ(•ω•`)o
disability
 Aesthetic elements, such as good lighting, trees Philosophy of Community Organization
or benches Fundamental Aspect of the community
Health Barriers: Can lead to:  Cooperative Spirit
services  Lack of  Unmet health  Power
availability needs  Coordination
 High cost  Delays in receiving *see PPT sa definitions hehe* ヾ(•ω•`)o
 Lack of appropriate care Arthur Dunham (1958)
insurance  Inability to get  Democracy and Social welfare
coverage preventive services  Community roots for community programs
 Limited  Hospitalization  Citizen understanding, support and
language that could have been participation and professional service
access prevented  Cooperation
Individual  Diet  Social welfare program
behavior  Physical activity  Adequacy, distribution, and organization of
 Hand washing social welfare services
 Alcohol, cigarette  Prevention
 Other drug use

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Community and Public Health for Medical Laboratory Science
LECTURE

Assumptions
Inherent dignity and worth of the individual
community pace.

Models of Community Organization

Locality Traditional community
development organization practice.
Social planning Where a worker or agency
undertakes an exercise of
evaluating welfare needs
and existing services in the
area.
Social Action Individual, group or
community effort within
the framework of the social
work philosophy and
practice that aims to
achieve social progress.

Goal of Community Organization

To generate durable power for an organization
representing to community, allowing it to influence
key decision makers on a range of issues over
time.
Objectives of Community Organization
 To bring adjustment between the resources
available and felt needs of the people.
 To get information about the resources and
needs
 To arouse the people to work for the welfare of
the community
 To create sounds ground for planning and
action
 To create a sense of cooperation integration and
unity among people
 To motivate the people to take better
participation in the developing community
programs.
 To highlight the causes of various problems
affecting the communities and hinder the way of
progress and development.
 To implement programs requires for the
fulfillment of people basic needs.

Human Behavior
 Is the response of individual or groups of
humans to internal and external stimuli.
 It also refers to the array of every physical
action and observable emotion associated with
individuals, as well as human race.

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