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 NUNS HYMN
Chorus:
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II
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Blazed to serve our brethren
Our simple joys and respect to all,
Shall be a standard to mankind
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Hail to NSNU!
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 Exponential
Functions
Week 6
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
• distinguish exponential functions, exponential
equations, and exponential inequalities.
• solve exponential equations and inequalities.
• represents the exponential function through its
table of values, graph, and equation.

Week 6
 01
Law of
Exponents
Law of Exponents
𝑎𝑚 ∗ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 2𝑎5 ∗ 3𝑎3
Product Rule = 6𝑎8
𝑎𝑚 𝑚−𝑛 16𝑥 4
Quotient Rule =𝑎 = 4𝑥
𝑎𝑛 4𝑥 3
Power Rule (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛 (𝑦 2 )4 = 𝑦8
Power of a Product Rule (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑏 𝑚 (2𝑎𝑏)3 = 8𝑎3 𝑏 3
Zero Exponent (𝑎)0 = 1 (0.2182𝑠)0 = 1
1
(2𝑧)−5 = 1
Negative Exponent (𝑎)−𝑚 =
𝑎𝑚 2𝑧 5
𝑚 2
Rational Exponent 𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛
𝑎𝑚 33 = 3
32
 02
Exponential Function,
Equation, and Inequality
Exponential Expression
An exponential expression is an expression of the form

𝑎𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 + 𝑑,

where b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Examples:
72𝑥−𝑥 58(𝑥+3)
𝑥+1
7
5𝑥−4𝑥
9
Exponential Function, Equation, Inequality
Exponential Function Examples:
An exponential function is a function in
the form
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥−1 𝑦 = 23(2𝑥−8)
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒃𝒙 , (𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏)

Exponential Equation Examples:

An equation involving exponential 2 1 2𝑥
expressions. 72𝑥 −𝑥 = 6𝑥 =
49 4
Exponential Inequality Examples:
An inequality involving exponential
expressions. 34(𝑥−2) ≥ 6𝑥+9 6 > 36𝑥+9
Determine whether the given is an
exponential function, an exponential 1 𝑥
d. 2 ≥
2
equation, and exponential inequality,
or none of these. exponential inequality
a. 4 10𝑥−4 = 400
e. 73𝑥 = 𝑦
exponential equation
exponential function
b. 8 ≤ 16𝑥+4
f. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3
exponential inequality
none of these
c. 𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥 2
g. 𝑦 = 2𝑥
none of these
exponential function
 03
Solving
Exponential Equation
Solving Exponential Equation
Rewrite the Exponential Equation
Step 1: • The bases of left- and right-hand side of the equation should be
the same.

Solve the equation.

• Using the one-to-one property of exponential functions
“For any algebraic expressions S and T, and any positive real
number b > 0, b ≠ 1
Step 2:

bS = bT if and only if S = T,’

Solve for x
Check each solution
Step 3:
• Substitute your answer in the equation.
Solving Exponential Equation
Rewrite the exponential equations
Solve the equation.
Check each solution

Illustrative Example: Solve the exponential equation 2x = 4

1 2x = 4 3 2x = 4
2x = 22 2(2) = 4
4 = 4
2 x = 2
Solving Exponential Equation
Illustrative Example: Solve the exponential equation 4x-1=64

1 4x-1 = 64 3 4x-1 = 64
22(x-1) = 26 4(x-1) = 43 4(4)-1 = 64
2 2(x-1) = 6 x - +11 = 3+1 43 = 64
2x - 2+2 = 6+2 x = 4 64 = 64
2x = 8
2x 8
=
2 2
x = 4
Solving Exponential Equation
Illustrative Example: Solve the following exponential equations.
1
a 25𝑥 = 125 b 4𝑥 = 2𝑥−3 c 32x-1 =
2 x x−3 243
(52)x = 53 (2 ) = 2 32x-1 = (3-5)
2x x−3
52x = 53 2 =2 2x - 1 = -5
2x = 3 2x-x= x-x − 3 +1 +1
2x 3 2x = -4
= x = −3
2 2 2x −4
=
3 2 2
x =
2 x = -2
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 04
Solving
Exponential Inequality
Solving Exponential Inequalities
Rewrite the Exponential Inequalities
Step 1: • The bases of left- and right-hand side of the equation should be
the same.

Solve the Inequalities

• If the same number is added on both sides of the inequality,
then the sense of inequality is not changed.
Step 2: • If both sides of the inequality is multiplied/ divided by a positive
number, then the sense of inequality is not changed
• If both sides of the inequality is multiplied/ divided by a negative
number, then the sense of inequality is changed
Check each solution
Step 4:
• Substitute your answer in the equation.
Solving Exponential Inequalities
Rewrite the exponential inequalities
Solve the inequalities
Check each solution

Illustrative Example:
1 73x+4 < 492x+1 -x < -2 3
73(4)+4 < 492(4)+1
73x+4 < (72)2x+1 −x −2 712+4 < 498+1
< 716 < 499
2 3x+4 < 2(2x+1) −1 −1
3x+4 < 4x+2 716 < 7(2)9
-4x -4 -4x -4 x > 2 716 < 718
3x – 4x < 2 – 4
Solving Exponential Inequalities
Illustrative Example:

1 162x-5 ≥ 642x-3 3 162(-1/2)-5 ≥ 642(-1/2)-3

(24)2x-5 ≥ (26)2x-3 16-1-5 ≥ 64-1-3
2 4(2x-5) ≥ 6(2x-3)
16-6 ≥ 64-4
8x-20 ≥ 12x-18 (24)-6 ≥ (26)-4
-12x +20
-12x +20
8x – 12x ≥ -18 + 20 2-24 ≥ 2-24
-4x ≥ 2
−4x 2 1
≥ x ≤−
−4 −4 2
 Solving Exponential Inequalities
Illustrative Example: Solve the following exponential inequalities

a b

(33)5x-11 ≥ (32)3x+15 (23)x-1 ≤ (2-1)2x-1

3(5x-11) ≥ 2(3x+15) 3(x-1) ≤ -1(2x-1)
15x-33 ≥ 6x+30 3x-3 ≤ -2x+1
-6x +33 -6x +33 +2x +3 +2x +3
15x-6x ≥ 30+33 3x+2x ≤ 1+3
9x ≥ 63
9x 63 5x ≤ 4
≥ 5x 4 4
9 9 ≤ x ≤
x ≥7 5 5 5
 05
Graphing Exponential
Functions
Graphing Rational Function
Properties of the Graph of an
Exponential Function,
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙 ,
when a > 1
• The domain is the set of all real numbers.
• The range is the set of all positive real numbers.
• There are no x-intercepts.
• The y-intercept is 1.
• The graph of f contains the points −1, 𝑎 , 0,1 , and 1, 𝑎 .
1
Graphing Exponential Function
Illustrative Example: Graph the exponential function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
x 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 (x, y)
-3 2-3 =1/8 (-3,1/8)
-2 2-2 =1/4 (-2,1/4)
-1 2-1 =1/2 (-1,1/2)
0 20 =1 (0,1)
1 21 =2 (1,2)
2 22 =4 (2,4)
3 23 =8 (3,8)
Graphing Exponential Function 1 𝑥
Illustrative Example: Graph the exponential function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2
𝑥
x 1 (x, y)
𝑦=𝑓 𝑥 =
2
-3 1 −3 (-3,8)
𝑦 = 2 = 23 = 8
-2 1 −2 (-2,4)
𝑦 = 2 = 22 = 4
-1 1 −1 (-1,2)
𝑦 = 2 = 21 = 2
0 1 0 (0,1)
𝑦= 2 =1
1 1 1 1 (1,1/2)
𝑦= 2 =2
2 1 2 1 (2,1/4)
𝑦= 2 =4
3 1 3 1 (3,1/8)
𝑦= 2 =8
Any Question/s?
Solving Exponential Equation
CHECKPOINT (PETA #1):
Solve the following exponential equations and exponential
inequalities.
1
1. (½)x = 42 – x 2. 3y + 2 =
27

3. 4.
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