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Do you agree or disagree?
1. Writing task 2 (an essay)

Certain personal qualities cannot be achieved through university studies. Do you agree or
disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Many people believe that family has a greater influence on a child’s life and development
compared to other factors, such as friends, TV, music and so on. Do you agree or disagree
with this statement?
- spend more time with family

- parents as a role model
- influence of the family members
In the modern world, children’s life, especially their mental and physical growth, is
influenced by several factors. They are not limited only by the impact of their families, but
also might include social media, music and friends at school or neighbourhood. From my
standpoint, I think the nuclear family plays the most important role in the life of a young
human since they spend most of their time together.
One of the main reasons to support my opinion towards this statement is that a child is born
in their family and lives a certain period of life. The members of the family, particularly a
mother and a father, take necessary part in behaviour and formation of the personality. That
happens when they celebrate different holidays, including birthdays, wins in competitions
and anniversaries, they express their feelings as well as exchange exciting emotions with
each other .
I would like to add that parents are considered as a role model for their children. The basis
values such as respect, discipline and right demeanor can only be taught by responsible
parents. As a consequence, a child absorbs all situations, manners, habits from their
parents, as a result they become like standards of conduct for them. Furthermore, a child
learns family traditions by observing their elders, for instance, respectfully treating the
guests, dressing for holidays smartly, not speaking rudely to each other and being attentive
to old people.
Taking everything into account, it is the family that can provide a supportive, secure, and
nurturing environment, which is crucial to the way in which a child becomes an adult.
Therefore, all that happens in the circle of loved ones affects the child and their psyche, so
the family is one of the main components of the individual.

Many people believe that it’s better to learn something in a group rather than individually. Do
you agree or disagree?
Schooling plays a vital role in every human’s life. Many people opine that learning alone is
less effective than a group one. It seems to me that group studying is beneficial because
there are several reasons behind it, and the main one is exchanging knowledge with other
students.
In the first place, young people get a lot of motivation from other students especially if most
of them are ready-witted and purposeful. What is more, they will want to cognize a great deal
of information, improve their skills and knowledge while being surrounded by like-minded
people.
Secondly, group study gives us the option to share our knowledge. In other words, when we
learn something as a team, we have more thoughts and ideas in contrast to the individual
study. Besides this, sometimes questions arise from people on a particular topic under
study, which they have not thought about before, in this way they explore the theme even
deeper.
Last but not least, youngsters gain experience in communication and work with different
people in a team. Often there are tasks when they need to work in tandem with someone as
a consequence they should find a common language, adequately discuss various topics and
behave with restraint. Besides the skills and expertise, an individual could learn about a
sense of compassion and empathy when surrounded by many people. Teamwork enables
one's leadership quality and maximizes their strengths to bring out the best.
In conclusion, group learning is a powerful approach to be considered by many

organizations. As it enhances the efficiency of providing better results and convenience to
the group. I believe that this studying is preferable to individually.

Some businesses prohibit smoking in any of their offices. Some governments
have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree that this is
the right course of action? Give reasons for your opinion.
https://www.ielts-blog.com/category/ielts-writing-samples/ielts-essays-band-7/page/8/
Some people think that it is fine for professional sportsmen and sportswomen to
misbehave on or off the field, as long as they are playing well.
Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Sample Essay
Although most professional athletes are aware of their position as role models for their fans and
behave accordingly, some sportsmen and sportswomen behave poorly during matches and in their
private life. While some people find it acceptable as long as their performance on the field is not
impacted, not everyone agrees with that point of view.
Those who put athletes’ performance on the field above everything else point out that the
competitive environment and immense pressure the sports people are under affect their behavior.
They argue that athletes are entitled to privacy and their actions before and after games should
not concern the general public. I find this hard to agree with because poor behavior in
sportspeople is incompatible with their role in public life and also for the reason that their actions
could negatively affect their entire sports industry.
The main reason why I believe athletes should behave well at all times is that their behavior is
tremendously influential. Spectators respect players and many copies their actions and behavior;
therefore, if top players misbehave or violate laws, some of the fans may feel compelled to follow
their example and behave badly. For example, after an acclaimed baseball player was caught using
drugs some years ago, the number of people who were arrested for the same crime significantly
increased. This shows quite clearly why high-profile players should consider their actions very
carefully to promote a peaceful society.
Also, the behavior of athletes might affect the popularity of their sports. Some companies sponsor
successful athletes who boost their brand recognition and sales of their products. Players and
sports industry executives are financially compensated for endorsing products and participating in
commercial advertisements. If they demonstrate poor behavior, sponsors could direct their money
elsewhere, and as a result, sports matches could suffer due to lack of funds. To illustrate, Sumo, a
traditional Japanese sport, is held every season thanks to resources donated by companies. In a
year when a Sumo player was involved in a violent crime, no matches were held, resulting in a
large deficit of funds.
In conclusion, I completely disagree with the opinion that top athletes are permitted to behave
badly because their behavior may negatively influence public behavior and the sports industry
itself.
Assessor’s comment: This response addresses both sides of the argument by exploring
the reasons why some people think athletes are allowed to behave poorly as long as
they play well, and the reasons why others think poor behavior has no excuse. This
response deserves a high score for task achievement because of that. A good range of
cohesive devices is used in this essay; that and the organizationcenters of ideas makes
it easy to follow. Sentence structures are varied and the vocabulary is quite rich, the
author also showed good control of grammar and spelling. It is worth noting that this
sample is longer than the recommended 260 – 285 words, however, this isn’t an issue
provided the author can complete an essay of this length and quality in under 40
minutes. Overall this is a good example of a Band 8 essay.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Writing task 2 (an essay)
When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks and sports
facilities, rather than shopping centres for people to spend their free time. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
- importance of time spent outdoors (socializing, health)
- money issues
- a variety of facilities
Nowadays the construction of new modern cities focuses on building shopping malls but
lacks public parks and sports facilities. In my view, public recreational places outdoors play a
more important role in the citizens’ life.
To begin with, there is a great necessity of spending time in the fresh air rather than in the
crowded shops. Firstly, public gardens usually occupy a huge area and have a lot of
greenery, as result oxygen is produced in large quantities that have a good effect on
people’s health. However, it is not available in buildings with artificial air conditioning.
Secondly, sports establishments help people to keep fit, be strong and extend their lives. It is
a good idea to build sports clubs for all ages, for instance, equipment suitable for children,
adults, and elders.
Apart from this, outdoor public places have not so many temptations, unlike emporiums.
Going outside for a walk people are not thinking about spending large sums of money. Little
they may buy is coffee or ice cream, which can not be said about department stores. The
main purpose of going there is a waste of money whether on clothes, on food or
entertainment.
Despite all the disadvantages of shopping centers, there are still adherents of them,
therefore they have pluses. For instance, shopping relieves stress, children’s play areas
allow parents to do their own thing, a large selection of restaurants in the food zone makes it
possible to choose any dishes and watching a movie in the cinema relaxes after a shopping
trip.
Taking everything into account I think it is essential that public parks and sports facilities be
included in urban planning. Shopping malls are necessary too but should be left to
commercial developers. It has to be more towns with balanced arrangements of public
spaces and shopping areas.

It is often said that to become a successful businessman a tertiary education is not
at all necessary. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Governments and big companies should work together to reverse environmental
damage, rather than making individuals responsible for that. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Most scientific inventions and discoveries are worthless and only waste time and
money resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your own
opinion.

Nowadays in many countries, women have full-time jobs. Therefore, it is logical to
share household tasks evenly between men and women. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?
- women self-develop
- women not get bored and not get tired
- men stop working
Recently, women have been occupied with their jobs all over the world. Therefore,
it is necessary that both men and women need to share housework equally. In my
point of view, this statement is partly true.
To begin with, one of the major reasons to share work between male and female is
to form gender equality in society as well as at home. It is a great position that
women have a certain kind of activity, as a result they can provide for themselves
and their children. What is more, females have an opportunity to develop, improve
themselves instead of spending most of their time on household chores. They
become interesting personalities, consequently, the attraction of the opposite sex
and other people is inavitable.
Secondly, feminine genders are not bored and tired with housework if men help
them. In addition to this, couples become more united when they do these tasks
together and appreciate all the work done. They are suggested to do various kinds
of tasks at home, such as watching, cleaning and taking care of babies, whereas
men can do minor tasks, such as cooking and shopping.
On the other hand, the majority of men do not tend to do housework. In this regard,
they are willing to bring the money, and not participate in such work. Males have
more complicated tasks at work and they are usually given leading positions with
overwhelming duties, hence, there will be no promotion and they are not paid
sufficient salary. I think men have to work as an alternative to do the homemaking,
so families will not have financial problems.
In conclusion, although there are chances of conflicts in a family about sharing work
around the house evenly, men should help their partners when it is really
necessary.
Writing Task 2 (an essay)

While recruiting a new employee, the employer should pay more attention to their
personal qualities, rather than qualifications and experience. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Some people believe that sports are a key element in our society, while others
argue that it’s just a recreational activity to be done in one’s free time. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Computer games and films containing violence are popular today. Some
people think that these are harmful for our society and the government should
ban them. Others argue that such games and films are fine for entertainment.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
- people stay angrier, violent actions

- it helps people to release stress
- they should be controlled to some degree
Nowadays, there is a lot of cruelty in computer games and movies,

becoming more widespread with time. A part of society believes that
this kind of entertainment is inappropriate and has to be outlawed.
However, others do not share the same opinion and find it as
amusement. I think it should be controlled to some degree.
On the one hand, video games and flicks influence really perniciously,
consequently adolescents become more aggressive, nervous. It
happens because virtual games contain murders, force, vicious tasks,
besides this, plunging a person without thinking about mental health
receives a dose of negativity, which then translates into irritability in
everyday life.
On the other hand, it helps people to release stress, especially computer

games. When humans feel tense and anxious, it is a good idea to
discharge themselves doing this kind of activity. In addition, there are
adherents of watching violent films, thus they relax and have fun.
From my perspective, I strongly believe that authorities need to control
the number of released fierce motion pictures and games. What is
more, it is necessary to set more age restrictions, fines, in particular, for
children who are not morally unstable and more susceptible to
influence. Once violence becomes normalized in their psyche, they will
stop seeing it as a crime, as a result-, this gives rise to criminal
tendencies in them.
In conclusion, this kind of entertainment is necessary to be present in

our life. However, the government should watch the growth of outrage
in films and games for the normal formation of the younger generation.
So brutal content ought to be censured because it is malicious in
nature.
Some people believe that managers are responsible for the organization’s
success, while others think various features of the organization play a vital
role in it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people believe that research into family history is useful for the next
generations, while others claim that the present and future are more
important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The famous American actor John Wayne once said “Tomorrow is the most important thing in our
life.” However, some people think that the present time is more important. How important is it for
individuals and the country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
The government is funding universities and providing scholarships for the best students. To what
extent do you agree with this approach? Shouldn’t it be supported by private organizations and
students paying their own tuition fees?
- it motivates students
- government has their own specialists
- supported by private organizations
Nowadays, education is a vital part in people’s lives improving the quality of their knowledge.
Therefore the authorities are responsible for paying tuition fees of the outstanding students and
providing financial contribution to the university. In my opinion, students’ scholarships are important
for the smart ones, although, private establishments and learners themselves can cover schooling
expenses in certain cases.
In the first place, receiving a financial award motivates undergraduates to study hard and refine their
attainments. Others compete with them, consequently, they try to stay on the same level and upgrade
their marks. Educators observe potential in the best university students in order to give
recommendations for the future jobs.
Apart from this, a country requires high level specialists for its development and prosperity, so the
government is obliged to ensure sufficient financial help not only for the learners, but also for
educational institutions. They should pay attention to conditions of university facilities, equipping the
special laboratories, research departments and libraries.
On the other hand, the perfect students can be supported by private organisations due to the fact that
the company accepts them ensuring their development and raising their own employees. Moreover,
future workers receive necessary experience in the certain industry, instead of an apprenticeship
period. In addition to this, learners are enabled to spend on their education, so self-tuition fees can be
seen as a contribution to the schooling and motivation to get smarter.
In conclusion, the main funder of nurturing young people is the government. However, there is
another way to receive financial help from private organisations or pay for themselves.
HW

Some people say that children who find subjects such as mathematics and
philosophy difficult do not have to study them at school. These subjects should be
optional, not compulsory. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- develop our brains and logic

- they sometimes need in lives
- in some cases people can choose what they want to learn
People start learning mathematics with childhood, it takes a vital part in their early
education. Philosophy is a more difficult subject, consequently, it is included in
undergraduate studying. In my opinion, it is prefered for each person to know these
subjects in order to develop themselves inside and outside.
In the first place, maths creates human’s minds, intelligence, logic and plays an
essential role in our everyday lives. As a child, we begin to count our toys, members
of the family, fingers, different things, so every stage of our advancement gets
complicated. Young people go to school, then they go to university, therefore brains
have not to stay in the same place. Besides this, logic is a necessary skill to plan the
future, events, tasks, as a result even a child needs this.
Secondly, as for philosophy, it elaborates critical thinking, makes us consider more

abstractly. Thanks to this, we form our own opinion, becoming less impose to
someone else’s vision of the situation. Moreover, individuals stop assuming down to
earth, which means they are looking for their purpose.
On the other hand, our community has changed through the years, people can
decide for themselves how smart and educated they want to be. Accordingly, it is
permissible to introduce the right to choose to study these subjects, because they
are considered really difficult to understand, especially for children.
To sum up, I believe that society will need compulsory study of mathematics and
philosophy for the development of itself as a person and its offsprings. However we
ought to take into account the fact that not everyone can be wise and enlightened.
Maps
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the…(little town…)named (Kharkiv) and the
future layout. (in … year)
The extent of the transformations that took place at (where?), which was evaluated in two
distinct years (... 3 years), is exhibited in the given diagram.
The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004 with a proposed
site design for the 2024.
Island
The two pictures compare the layout of an island as it was before with a proposed site design
for the future.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the island considerably changed with the introduction of
tourism. However, the west part of the island is left without changes.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, we can see the majority of the island area was almost
unused. It had only a small beach on its eastern part and some trees planted on both sides of the
island.
On the other hand, numerous facilities were built later. First of all, a reception was constructed in
the central area, which was connected to a restaurant in the northern area and pier in the south by
a vehicle track. In addition, the pier was used for boat trips. Furthermore, many accommodation
units were established on both sides of the reception with a footpath linking the huts with each
other as well as with a reception. Lastly, there was a designated swimming area for tourists on the
eastern tip of the island.
tourist oriented - tourist friendly area

the future layout - the proposed site design
can accommodate a considerably larger number of
due to the reconstruction
a new stretch of road\railway\path was built, running directly north\ south
was industrialized\modernized , experience dramatic changes
disappeared \ vanished
Overall, it can be clearly seen - it is noticeable that\ it is worth noting that \ it is noteworthy
(стоит заметить)
Some people are afraid to leave the house because of crime. Some believe that
more can be done to prevent crimes, while others think there is little that can be
done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Nowadays food travels thousands of miles before reaching consumers. It affects the
agriculture and economy of the destination country, and for this reason people
should prefer food produced by local farmers. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons
for your answers and include examples from your experience.
Some people think that city planners should consider creating more green spaces
and planting trees, while others argue that they should focus on building new homes.
- parks are good for health

- the number of people is increasing, it’s a good business
- each area of housing needs greenery
Nowadays, modern towns should include a certain number of parks for the
healthy people’s lives. However, we have not to forget about accommodation
because of the increasing population. In my opinion, the amount of greenery
and housing ought to be approximately the same.
On the one hand, parks play a vital part in our everyday lives due to the fact
that we have an opportunity to enjoy the fresh air, the beauty of nature and
walk along the path with friends. Also, it is a habitat for various animals,
especially birds. Moreover, oxygen that is released by plants does not allow
the environment to be too polluted from the products of human activity.
On the other hand, building new houses is an important component of cities.

Every year, the number of people is rising, so they need accommodation.
Besides this, it is a great way to invest the money and develop real estate
business.
Personally, I believe that construction of houses should not exceed the

number of gardens. Every district needs a green area that will at least absorb
pollution from outside. If there is no opportunity and place to make a large
park, the authorities are obliged to plant as many trees and bushes as
possible so that inhabitants can breathe better.
In conclusion, city planning requires being smart and not just about benefits.
The structure of parks and planting must be included in the municipality
development design in order to maintain a balance with the quantity of
houses.

Some people think that the advantages of advertising sports products through
famous sports players outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
- it is an etalon of a perfect man

- motivate people to do sport
- it is only a picture, but reality is different
Nowadays, there are a lot of sportspersons, taking part in the publicities of sports
items which surround us. In my opinion, the benefits are more than detriments for
our community, however sometimes the impact of blurbs is harmful for people.
First of all, humans believe that an athlete is an etalon of men, so it is a good idea to
use them in advertisements. All the world watches them on the bigboards, televisions
and magazines, as a result, people choose them as idols and look up to them. In
addition to this, the marketing process works because of the faces they are depicted
on, the certain unit of society wants to buy these products to look like their
heartthrobs. Moreover, the financial stream of advertising companies increases.
Secondly, it motivates us to do sport, look better and keep fit. Beautiful pictures are
not allowed individuals to stay in the same place in our progress and development,
consequently, we buy commodities and use them. Beside this, this kind of adverts
give us confidence in ourselves on the path of self-improvement through the use of
these products.
Nevertheless, it is not always everything as in the picture. Sportsmen are ordinary

people with imperfections, which are hidden by advertising. Sports products are not
magic potions that will make us the perfect, but only help to achieve our goal.
In conclusion, if a person really understands the essence and purpose of advertising,

then for them the sufficiency will exceed the disadvantages, and for those who fully
believe in everything without an adequate assessment, then for them everything will
be the other way around.
Islip Town
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the town named Islip and the future
layout.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the major change is pedestrianisation for shopping
house area, while a new road for vehicles is planned to be around the town centre.
Focusing on the current map, the town centre is developed around the main road
with many shops to the north and to the south of it. Also, a big area is occupied by
housing in the south. This territory is limited by a park in the east and a school in the
south-west. Both of them are connected to the main road by side roads.
Moving onto the predictions, the main road will be transformed into the dual
carriageway which surrounds the whole town creating a circle. Moreover, a bus
station, shopping centre, car park and new housing areas will be built on the north
side. However, the shops, school and park will remain as they are. The north and
south part will be divided by a pavement for pedestrians. The countryside in the
north will be turned into a part of the city.
Laguna Beach
The extent of the transformations that took place at Laguna Beach, which was evaluated in
three distinct years (1950,1970 and 1990), is exhibited in the given pictures.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the beach considerably changed with the development of
tourism. The major changes are related to the appearance of places of an entertaining nature.
Focusing on the 1970s map, the beach huts were expanded and replaced by villas.
Furthemore, the caravan park was established on the eastern part along which the road to
the north runs. However, the western part of the beach was left without changes.
Looking at the picture of the last year of changes, the accommodation was extended even
more its size and made way for the hotel. There was a swimming pool built along the
road. Beside this, the caravan park was given way for the car park. Also, the surf
school was constructed in the central part of Laguna Beach by the sea. Lastly, the
western part was planted by palm trees and greenery which have turned into
Landscaped Gardens.
University Sport centre
The two pictures compare the layout of a university sports centre as it is in present with a
proposed site design for the future.
Overall, it is noticeable that the university sport centre is expected to become much bigger
with new recreational facilities planned such as dance studios, a leisure pool and shops.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, behind the reception area there is a 25m indoor
pool with a changing room and a seating area on either side, including a gym toward the rear
of the building. In addition, there are two separate indoor courts adjacent to the main
building on the east and west side.
Regarding future plans, the outdoor courts are set to be removed and the building is planned
to be upgraded to a self-contained sports facility. The current pool is going to remain as it is
and a large leisure pool with a changing room is expected to be built in the west wing. Also, a
proposed sports centre in the east wing will include dance studios and a changing room. In
the reception area a sports shop and a cafe are constructed.
Grange Park
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the park named Grange Park and the initial
layout in 1920.
As can be seen from the pictures, the park has been dramatically transformed after the
constructions of several entertainment facilities over the given period.
Looking at the maps in more detail, the greatest changes have been made in the middle by
replacing the fountain with a rose garden with seating arrangements around it. Moreover, on
the left of the new rose garden the stage for musicians has also been substituted by an
amphitheatre for concerts that look quite huge insize. Seating on the far left side as well as
the rose garden in the bottom left corner on the map has been removed. Furthermore, both
entrances at the top and bottom of the map have remained untouched. However, the rose
garden on the right side has been replaced with a cafe while the pond for water plants has
been transformed into a children’s play area. The glasshouse with some seats has been
knocked down and a beautiful water feature has been formed. Besides, a completely new
entrance has been built that leads to an underground car park.
City Hospital
The extent of the transformations that took place at City Hospital, which was evaluated in
two distinct years (2007 and 2010), is exhibited in the given maps.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the city hospital considerably changed with the increasing in
staff and patient in, in particular, the infrastructure was developed.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, the hospital was surrounded by the ring road,
which was linked with the hospital road in the southern part. On both sides of this road there
were bus stops. Also, there was a car park for staff and public on the right of the bus stops.
Besides this, the hospital road was connected perpendicular to the city road.
Regarding the plan three years later, the bus station was built on the left side of the hospital
road, which led to the roundabout on the northwest and southwest sides of the Ring, Hospital
and City roads. Moreover, the car park on the left of the Hospital road was replaced by the
parking area only for staff. In addition to this, the public parking was constructed on the left
of the City Hospital.
School Site
The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in 2004 with a proposed site design
for 2024.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the school site will considerably change with the increase in
students (from 600 to 1000) and , in particular, the additional territories will be built.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, the road in the lower left corner went straight to
the car park, near which there was a main entrance. Also there was a long path that led to
the sports field. Moreover, on both sides of the path there were two school buildings. In
addition to this, the whole school area was surrounded by forest.
Regarding the future map, the sports field will be replaced with the third school building and
the second car park. Furthermore, the sports ground will be constructed in the bottom of
these places. Besides this, other school buildings will be extended and connected with each
other. The path will run from these structures to the third building and all of them will be
bent around by the road to the second parking lot.
COFFEE
The given diagram depicts the production of coffee using a dry method.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 12 stages in this linear process. Also, it is a time-
consuming manufacturing which involves both human and machine labour.
According to the pictures, first of all, beans are sorted by hands, and then cleaned using a
sieve. After that, they are laid out on the concrete floor to be dried in the sun. While they are
drying, they are raked and turned by workers to get an even drying process, which can take
up to four weeks. On the next step, they are collected and stored in a silo before being sent to
the mill. Once they have been transported, beans are taken through the procedure of hulling,
when the shells are removed. Then they are graded for quality, since not all beans are the
same. After being graded, they are bagged and sent to companies which sell the coffee
commercially. Before the last stage the coffee is roasted in the machines. Finally, it is packed
and sold to the consumers.
NOODLES
The given diagram depicts the production of instant noodles.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 8 stages in this linear process, commencing with
storing flour in silos and ending with labeling and sealing cups . Furthermore, all actions
are made by the machine.
According to the pictures, first of all, a special car brings flour and fills the storage silos with
it. Then, the flour is entered in the mixer and starts blending with the addition of water and
oil. As a result, rollers are obtained, which are drawn into sheets and dried. The sheets are
cut into strips, which are also dried. Next, noodles discs are formed from the dough strips,
they are cooked with oil and dried again. After this, they are put into cups, adding vegetables
and spices in them. The final preparation step is to label and seal the contents so that the end
product is ready for retail.
SALMON
The given illustrations depict the life cycle of a fish called salmon.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are three distinct physical stages as a fish grows to maturity.
It is interesting to see that the salmon lives in both fresh water as well as sea water.
According to the pictures, first of all, the salmon lays its eggs in the upper river with slow moving
water. The eggs rest in the cover of reeds and small stones for 5 to 6 months, after, the eggs hatch
into ‘fry’, which are 3 to 8 cm in length. These ‘fry’ live in the fast flowing lower river for
approximately 4 years. By the time the salmon reach 12 to 15 cm, they are called ‘smolt’ and they
migrate further downriver into the open sea. Next, the salmon live there for 5 years and they will
have grown to adult size, which is between 70-76 cm. Finally, they swim back to the birth place,
where they will lay their eggs, and the cycle starts anew.
KETCHUP
The given pictures depict the commercial production of ketchup.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 15 stages in this liner process commencing with picking
tomatoes and ending with eating it with some food, which involves human labour.
According to the illustrations, first of all, the tomatoes are picked and put in the basket by the
farmer. The second stage is sorting good and bad tomatoes. After this, they are sent to the factory
by lorry, where stalks, skin and seeds are removed from them. Peeled tomatoes are put into the
big container and they are crushed. In the resulting substance sugar, vinegar, salt is added and it
is boiled. The next stage is leaving essence for two hours. Then, the ketchup is bottled and
labeled and it undergoes quality control before packing in boxes. Before the last stage, it is sent to
the supermarkets. Finally, people buy ketchup and eat it with hamburger and fries.
SILK
The given pictures depict the life cycle of the silkworm and the production of the silk cloth.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk
cloth through a very simple process.
According to the first diagram, there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. At the
beginning, eggs are laid by the moth and it takes 10 days for each egg to become a silkworm larva
that feeds on mulberry leaves. After 4-6 weeks, larva starts to make a silk thread around itself
and this process takes from 3 to 8 days to become a finished cocoon. 16 days later, the moths
eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
Regarding the second diagram, the cocoons are the raw material used with the production of silk
cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding
stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 m long, which means that they can be twisted
together or used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. Both products (thread and fabric) can be
dyed.
ORANGE JUICE
The given illustrations depict the production of orange juice.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are a certain number of stages commencing with providing
fresh oranges to the factory and ending with supplying the supermarket.
According to the illustrations, first of all, the fresh oranges are delivered at the factory by the
truck and they are extracted. The result of this process is fresh juice and solid waste. Thus, solid
waste is sent to the farm and animals are fed using this. While fresh juice can be packed and set
off to the supermarkets or put to the refrigerator track to start the production of concentrated
juice. The next stage is evaporation, where water is removed from the fresh juice. After this, the
resulting substance is concentrated, canned and placed in the warehouse. Then, the juice is
passed to the factory and water is added in it. Before the last stage, it is packed and, finally, sent
to the supermarket.
CEMENT
The given illustrations depict the production of cement and concrete.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there is a complex production of cement on the first picture and the
second picture represents a simpler concrete production that uses the result of the previous
process for construction purposes.
According to the first diagram, at the beginning limestone and clay are grinded up in a crusher.
The next stage is mixing the resulting powder. Then, this substance is entered in the rotating
heater which has constant heat applied at one end of the tube. After this, the blend is spilled out
into the grinder which turns it into cement powder. The ending of the process is cement, which is
packed into the big bags.
Looking at the second diagram, the concrete production includes cement (15%), water (10%),
sand (25%) and small stones named gravel (50 %). All of these ingredients are put in the concrete
mixer and blended. Finally, there is concrete, which is used for building needs.
In some countries the quality of life in larger cities is declining. Why do you think
this is happening? What measures can be taken to stop it?

Nowadays museums and historical sites are mainly visited by foreign tourists instead
of locals. Why is this happening? What can be done to get locals to visit museums
and historical sites more?

Nowadays employment options are changing and employees cannot rely on having
the same job and working conditions throughout their life. What are some possible
causes? Suggest some ways to plan for the future under these circumstances.

The urban transport system receives more funds compared to the rural transport
system. Why do you think it is so? How can it be solved?

Nowadays the crime rate is increasing, especially among teenagers. What are the
reasons behind it? How can we reverse this trend? What punishment methods
should be used, in your opinion?

Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants.
Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food
they throw away?
In our contemporary world, people do not value meals and let themselves throw it
away. In my opinion, it happens because there are a lot of delicious dishes in the
restaurants and in the supermarket, so citizens cannot stop buying all of this and
count the distinct amount of food they consume. One of the important solutions is
rethinking about our ingestions and number of eating food.
To begin with the causes of this issue, I would like to mention that shops are full of
different food, so humans going there are not able to decide what units they need. As
a result, they certainly grab all they like. Furthermore, nutrition with discounts
attracts our attention and impacts on our greed, so we buy it even when it is not
necessary. Thus a person purchases too much food, which then is spoiled and it is
thrown away.
Consequently it is vital to overcome this issue because there is a big problem which
includes not being able to stop in time and correctly compute the amount of food that
we can eat. Therefore, the solution is to correctly calculate the diet for a family or
individual so that there are no leftovers in the refrigerator. Another solution is to
introduce a rule that allows us to buy a certain quantity of products per person.
To sum up, humanity should think about this problem, because a lot of countries
have not enough food for everyone, whilst others fool away it and not appreciate it.
We use the resources of our earth and not think about effects, they are not endless,
they need to be replenished and not decimated.
Nowadays many children are playing computer games instead of doing sports
activities. Why is it happening? Is it a negative or positive development?
In our contemporary world, it is not surprising that the young generation spends a
lot of time on their computers, playing different games and we notice that they spend
less time doing sport. In my opinion, it happens because modern technologies attract
our attention more and more, especially children’s, so they stop thinking about their
health and forget about necessity to do some activities. The consequences of this
activity may have different impacts.
To begin with the causes of this issue, I would like to mention that mobile phones,
computers are surrounding us, young people’s attention is drawn to the abundance
of video games. It is not a secret for anyone that any game can be greatly tightened
and we do not notice how time passes. In particular, it concerns, which are more
influenced by this type of activity and cannot be taken away from it. As a result, there
is not enough time to do sport or think about it.
Talking about the outcome there is a detrimental effect when video games are
harmful for our health, if we do not control the amount of time spent on it. However,
we should consider the beneficial influence because people have an opportunity to
connect their lives with this activity and receive plenty of money, as this industry is
still developing.
To sum up, it cannot be said that computer games are evil or good, we should
remember that balance is needed everywhere. Sports are very important for
children’s health, but recreation also has a place in their life.

Nowadays most people spend less time at their homes. What are the causes for it?
What are the effects on society and individuals?

Nowadays more and more people are spending less time at home. Why do you think
it happens? What effect does this have on individuals and the society?

Nowadays people mostly use cars rather than bicycles as a transportation preference.
What effects are caused by this trend? What can be done to encourage the public to
use bicycles more?
Nowadays mobile phones and the Internet became a very common aspect of socialising. Do
you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages? Give your opinion
and relevant examples.
In some countries, with the widespread use of the internet, people are able to work or study from
home, instead of having to travel to work or college. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages? Discuss and state your own opinion.
Nowadays, most countries are developing rapidly in terms of technology and

communications, so the internet is prevalent in people’s lives. It is not surprising that the
network can be used in all aspects of our lives. Employees can work without leaving home,
and students can study without going to university. However, there are some pros and cons
in this topic of discussion.
The main advantage of having an opportunity to work in the apartment is that people save
the time, which they waste on the road and traffic jams. In addition, they do not lose their
nerves on things that are not related to occupation. Besides this, wage earners create a
specific calm atmosphere, which can help them work efficiently. Concerning schooling, one
plus of studying at home is that this is an excellent test of the pupil's motivation and desire to
gain new knowledge and improve themselves. Another profit is becoming more independent
learners whilst teachers control their performance at school.
The greatest minus of staying at home is lack of real contact and social adaptation. In
particular, it is necessary for young children, who need the skill to communicate with their
peers and teachers. Another drawback is that people get bored with the same type of home
environment, sometimes they want variety in their working days.
Taking everything into account, I believe that benefit outweighs the disadvantages, as most
sectors of life are moving to the online format, so people must adapt to such changes and
look for solutions to the shortcomings if they exist.

In some countries citizens are allowed to keep a gun in their home. Do the advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages? Discuss and give your opinion.
In many countries it is easy to apply and to get a credit card. However, credit card debt causes many
problems and is hard to pay back. Do you think the advantages of credit cards outweigh the
disadvantages?

Today credit cards are easy to get in many countries, but some people who use them struggle to
repay their debt. Are there more advantages than disadvantages to using credit cards? What is
the solution to this problem?

There is a big influence of peer groups on children’s behaviour. Do advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages? What can be done about it?
 having a desire to do some activities

 smart peers motivate
 human test
- bad friends can involve others in dangerous situations
- it’s a big pressure for weak person
- different levels of bread buttered on both sides of children affect the development of
complexes
It is an inevitable fact that young people will undergo immense influence from their friends
and acquaintances because they are students in the schools, members of some activities
clubs, so communicating with each other is a socialization process. In my opinion, pros of
this prevail over the cons. Besides this, there are several measures that can make the bad
sides of this problem less visible.
One of the advantages of having an influence on friends is that by communicating with them
the child receives a huge experience in countering external impact and filtering the
information provided. It is like a test that shows how much a human can influence a person.
Another benefit is getting motivation from smart and intelligent fellows, especially in
schooling. In addition to this, by vigorously discussing certain topics of sports or occupation,
students have a desire to engage in a particular activity.
The main disadvantage of this topic of research is that mentally weak young people can feel
the consequences of the bad influence of peers. Moreover, bullies can entail a child in
dangerous situations or make them do something terrible. Another drawback is if the
environment is rich enough, then the average person begins to have complexes about his
inferiority.
To solve all of the negative sides of this problem, first of all, families have to accept it and pay
maximum attention to solving the trouble. Secondly, close relatives should try to talk about
the child's concerns and give advice, but not exert pressure. Thirdly, a psychologist can be
involved in this process to speed up the result.
Taking everything into account, I believe that it is not a dangerous problem if it is kept under
control, given that this is a natural process of a person's becoming an individual and the
formation of character.
BEEF, LAMB, FISH, CHICKEN
The line graph illustrates the changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, fish, and chicken consumed
in a particular European country from 1979 to 2004.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that chicken consumption increased dramatically while the
popularity of other foods decreased over the period. Though, fish consumption was relatively
stable.
According to the figures, in 1979 beef was by far the most popular food with about 225 grams
consumed per person per week. In the same year, chicken and lamb were eaten in similar
quantities at around 150 grams. After that, during the 25- year period the consumption of beef
and lamb fell sharply to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. However, the
consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of
beef in 1989. By 2004 it had jumped to almost 250 grams. On the other hand, in 1979 much less
fish was consumed at just over 60 grams. The consumption of fish declined to just below 50
grams in the first 5 years, and for the rest of the period it did not change.
ENERGY
The line graph compares the amounts of energy consumed from different sources in the USA and
their expectation from 1980 to 2030 based on a 2008 report.
Overall, it can be clearly seen fossil fuels have shown increases in consumption with expectations
for even more reliance on them. However, cleaner energy sources have accounted for
considerably less consumption with predictions for a similar trend.
According to the figures, petrol and oil started at 35 quadrillion units in 1980, fluctuated until
2000, and then climbed steadily with a prediction of over 45 quadrillion units by 2030. Coal
followed a similar trend with expectations of around 30 quadrillion units by 2030, it will become
two times more. In 1980, natural gas started at approximately 20 quadrillion units, then
demonstrated fluctuation and leveled off at below 25 quadrillion units from 2013 onwards.
Regarding cleaner energy fuel sources, in 1980 nuclear, solar/wind, hydropower began at under 5
quadrillion units. After that, nuclear is anticipated to reach slightly less than 10 quadrillion units
in 2030. As for solar/wind and hydropower, over the next 30 years, they were fluctuating, and
then solar/wind expect to see minor growth of above 5 quadrillion units, hydropower is projected
to remain relatively unchanged until 2030.
FAST FOOD RESTAURANT
The bar chart compares how often people in the USA went to fast food establishments from 2003
to 2013.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that customers who ate in fast food restaurants once a week and
once or twice a month accounted for the majority, whereas people who either never ate in these
restaurants or went every day showed the minority throughout the whole period.
According to the figures, in 2003 the rate of individuals who ate in fast food establishments once
a week and once or twice a month started at above 31% and 30% respectively. For those in the
once-a-week group, this figure increased slightly but then dropped to around 27% in 2013. For
the latter category, there was a decline of 25% and a rise by 8% over a decade. Conversely, the
percentage for people who either ate fast food eateries every day or never stood at under 5%
throughout the ten-year period. The few times a year group rose slightly and levelled off at 15%
for 7 years. The several times a week category started at 17% in 2003, went up in 2006, and
settled back to around 16% in 2013.
ACCOMMODATION
The bar chart compares how many households in own accomodation and households in rented
accomodation in England and Wales from 1918 to 2011.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the numbers of households in rented apartments in early years
exceeded the number of families living in their own habitation. However, over the years,
indicators with their own housing began to increase, while the latter launched to fall.
According to the figures, in 1918 people who live in rented houses started at below 80%, then the
percentage declined slightly and had a period of stability between 1939 and 1953. After that, the
quantity of them dropped sharply to above 30% during the 48-year period. At the end, it climbed
to around 35% in 2011. As for the rate of individuals with their own flats, they commenced at over
20% in 1918, next, it grew and had a plateau from 1939 to 1953. Then, the index peaked rapidly to
69% in 2001. During an expansion it crossed with family units renting dwelling in 1971 by 50%.
Finally, the percentage decreased insignificantly to above 60% in 2011.
TOURISTS CARIBBEAN
The line graph illustrates the quantity of tourists attending Caribbean island from 2010 to 2017.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that total tourists dramatically increased while visitors staying on
cruise ships and visitors staying on island were fluctuating, but eventually rose gradually.
According to the figures, in 2010 the tourists staying on the cruise ships started at 0.25 millions,
then varied between 2011 - 2013 and peaked to 0.5 millions visitors. After that, the number of
tourists on cruise liners grew gradually to 2 millions in 2017. As for visitors staying on island,
they did not change for a year, but then climbed to 1.5 millions and had a period of stability until
2015. Next, they hovered for 2 years, crossing with the line of visitors on cruise ships and
returned again to its previous state of 1.5 million by 2017. Regarding the total number of tourists,
they began at 1 million and remarkably leaped to above 2.5 millions. They were in a constant
position throughout the year and finally skyrocketed to 3.5 millions in 2017.
EXPORT
The bar chart and table illustrate the changes in export earnings from 5 groups of products from
2015 to 2016.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that petroleum products, engineered goods, gems and jewellery
have earned more money than agricultural products and textiles. Moreover, the decreasing trend
was observed in gems and jewellery while the opposite trend was in four other categories.
According to the figures, export earnings from petroleum products rose from around 61 billion in
2015 to 63 billion in 2016, which was an increase of 3%. Income from engineered goods reached a
similar level. The country's export earnings from these goods went up by 8.5% to approximately
62 billion in 2016. As for export revenue from textiles, there was a 15.24% growth, with earnings
rising from roughly 25 billion to over 30 billion. By contrast, there was almost no change in the
amount of money earned from agricultural products, which remained at just over 30 billion.
Gems and jewellery is one of these groups, which had the only decline in income by around 5% to
approximately 40 billion in 2016.
RAILWAYS
The table illustrates the information regarding underground railways from six large cities in
various parts of the world.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that railways in London and Paris are the oldest with far longer
routes compared to Los Angeles and Kyoto. Passenger numbers for Tokyo are the highest,
whereas Kyoto indicates the lowest number of yearly passengers and the shortest route.
According to the figures, the London underground, which was opened in 1863, is the oldest
network and is the most extensive with 394 km of track. The railway system in Paris was
established in 1900 and is approximately half the size and serves more passengers. The
underground in Tokyo is the busiest of the three oldest with 1927 passengers yearly and 155 km
in length. Regarding the newer systems, Washington DC was opened in 1976 and has the longest
route of the three at 126 km. In contrast, Kyoto has the shortest route at 11 km and the lowest
passenger numbers with 45 million passengers yearly. Following this, Los Angeles was opened
twenty years later with 28 km of track and serves 50 million passengers per year.
ELECTRICITY
The pie charts compare the production of electricity which includes different fuel sources in
Australia and France between 1980 and 2000.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the main fuel source in Australia was coal and it increased for
years, while electricity production in France was based on various fuel sources. Though, French
nuclear power rose and exceeded others indicators by 2000.
According to the figures, total Australian production of electricity was 100 units in 1980,
moreover half of them was coal. Also, there was hydropower (20 units) and natural gas (20 units)
and the less used source was oil (10 units). Then, in 2000 total production peaked at 170 units,
the use of coal has grown even more to 130, and hydropower climbed to 36 units.
Regarding French production of electricity, the total number of electricity was 90 units. The most
common was coal (25 units), hydropower (25 units), and oil (20 units). However, in 2000 there
were 180 units and nuclear power skyrocketed exponentially to 136 units. Coal and oil almost did
not change, but natural gas and hydropower declined to 2 units.
MUSEUM
The table illustrates how many people visited the Ashdown museum in the year before the
renovation and after it. The charts depict the statistics of the survey of visitors and their degree of
satisfaction for 2 periods are mentioned above.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the total number of guests increased during the year after
restoration. Moreover, the surveys show that there were three-quarters satisfied people after
museum changes.
According to the figures, there were 74,000 visitors during the year before refurbishment.
Furthermore, only 45% of humans were satisfied and 40% of them were disgruntled. In addition
to this, 10% of individuals were disappointed about the museum. However, the year after the
repair was more successful because the number of visitors was 92,000 of which 35% were very
content and 40% were just pleased. 20% of people did not like the museum and the number of
non-respondents is the same (5%) in the two cases.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURE
The table depicts the proportion of consumer spending in five counties, comprising three
categories of products and services in 2002.
Overall, it can be seen the largest proportion of consumer expenditure for each country was food,
drinks, and tobacco. Conversely, the leisure and education section showed the lowest percentage
of spending. While the clothing and footwear section is marked as an average.
With regard to the highest expenditure, consumer spending in the first category was the highest
in Turkey at 32.14%, followed by Ireland at nearly 29%. Likewise, Turkey spent the most on the
last category at 4.35%. For the second sector, the greatest proportion belongs to Italy at 9%. In
terms of the lowest expenditures, Sweden had minor figures for national consumer spending on
the first two sections at 15.77% and 5.40% respectively. In the last category, the lowest
expenditure was observed in Spain almost 2%, followed closely by Ireland with an amount of
2.21%. According to the clothing and footwear sector, Ireland, Spain and Turkey had similar
indicators at about 6.5%. The second group of two counties (Italy, Sweden) had almost the same
percentage of 3.2% in the least popular category.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCED AND CONSUMER
The bar chart depicts the amount of electricity produced and consumed by the world’s top ten
energy users in 2014.
Overall, China and the USA produced and consumed significantly more electricity than other
countries. Interestingly, Germany is the only country, which consumed marginally more than
produced.
According to the figures/A broad assessment of the data reveals that , China was the
world’s leading energy generator and consumer, producing around 5,400 billion kWh and
consuming almost the same amount. In second place, the USA produced and consumed about
20% less electricity than China. The remainder of the top five - Russia, India, and Japan -
generated and used up 5 times less power than China. Furthermore, there were three countries
(Canada, France, Brazil) with an average amount of production and consumption and did not
exceed 620 billion kWh and 500 billion kWh respectively. As for Germany, it did not show a
significant amount, but consumption was 36 billion kWh higher than production. Finally, the
lowest figures could be observed in South Korea with electricity generation and usage numbers a
little under 500 billion kWh.
COFFEE AND TEA BUYING
The bar chart illustrates information about the percentage of people’s habits in buying and
drinking coffee or tea in five Australian cities.
Overall, it can be seen that the number of humans who went to a cafe for a coffee or tea is the
highest except for Adelaide in which the indicator of buying instant coffee is greater. Moreover,
the percentage of people who bought fresh coffee is the lowest in all cities.
According to the figures, going to a cafe for coffee or tea in the last 4 weeks is the utmost in four
cities. Furthermore, Melbourne and Horbat had almost the same amount of city residents below
65%. Sydney and Brisbane had indicators over 55%. Regarding buying fresh coffee in the last 4
weeks, all five cities had the smallest percentage of city residents, which was in the range between
34% and 44%. As for Adelaide, it was one of the cities that had half of the habitats that bought
instant coffee, and slightly less than 50% of people went to a cafe. In addition to this, buying
instant coffee in other cities had an average of 46% to 54% of citizens.
LAND DEGRADATION
The pie chart illustrates the causes of worldwide land degradation. The table depicts the
percentage information on the impact of the degradation reasons in three regions of the world
during the 1990s.
A broad assessment of the data reveals that there were three main causes of land degradation:
overgrazing, deforestation, and over-cultivation. Moreover, Europe had the highest rate of total
degraded land (23%), the total land degraded in Oceania was 10% less, while North America had
the lowest (5%).
According to the figures, overgrazing had the greatest indicator in land degradation about 35%.
In the second place was deforestation (30%) and slightly less was over-cultivation (28%). Besides
this, there were other motives of worldwide land degradation nearly 7%.
Regarding the regions, Europe had the lowest percentage of deforestation (9.8%) and over-
cultivation (7.7%). Furthermore, Oceania exceeded Europe in overgrazing and had 11.3%,
whereas the latter had 5.5%. North America had the smallest numbers in deforestation (0.2%),
over-cultivation (3.3%) and overgrazing (1.5%). However, Oceania was one of the regions which
had no over-cultivation.
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION
The first pie chart illustrates the proportion of energy use, while the second pie chart
demonstrates the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions by the respective activities in an
average Australian household.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the energy is mainly spent on heating, but the activity contributing
the largest proportion of greenhouse gas emission is water heating. However the least significant
rate in both charts belongs to cooling.
According to the figures, an average Australian household uses the highest amount of energy
(42%) for heating, but the same category in greenhouse gas emission is 27% less. Nearly one-
third of the energy use and gas emission is attributed to water heating. In other activities such as
refrigeration, lighting and other appliances, the proportions of the total greenhouse gas they emit
are twice as large as the proportion of the total energy spent on them, at 14% and 7%, 8% and 4%,
28% and 15% respectively. As for cooling, it consumes the least amount of energy at 2%, but the
greenhouse gas release is 1% higher.
USING WATER FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES
The pie charts illustrate the information of using water for various causes in six regions of the
world.
A broad assessment of data reveals that the agricultural use of water in four areas is the highest,
though other two regions have the greatest indicator of industrial use of water. In addition to
this, South America has the utmost percentage of using water for domestic purposes.
According to the figures, Africa, Central Asia and SouthEast Asia have the prevailing percentage
of using water for agricultural causes above 80%. Moreover, domestic use of water in these areas
is almost similar to about 7%. Besides this, Africa and Central Asia have the smallest indicator in
using water for industrial purposes approximately 5%. Regarding North America and Europe,
they have almost the comparable percentage in industrial, agricultural and domestic use of water
(50%, 33%, 13% respectively). As for South America, the agricultural use of water is the major
number (71%), but domestic use is the prevalent use among all the areas (19%). Finally, the
industrial use converges with the indicator in Europe about 12%.
The pie charts depict the information about the number of three types of nutrients in ordinary
food.
A broad assessment of data reveals that sodium and saturated fat are the prevalent ingredients in
food for dinner and lunch. Moreover, snacks contain added sugar the most. However, less of
these unhealthy nutrients are consumed for breakfast.
Regarding sodium, the significant part is for dinner about 43% and lower for lunch (29%). It is
consumed in a similar proportion for breakfast and snacks approximately 14%. According to
saturated fat, it has comparable ratios with sodium. Most of them are included in meals for
dinner (37%), in the second place are lunch and snacks with over 21% content. Breakfast
comprises as little amount of them as the added sugar (16%). As for the latter, it has the utmost
percentage in typical meals for snacks (42%). Finally, lunch and dinner have the same proportion
of the above 19%.
The pie chart depicts the initial occupations of Anthropology students after graduation, and the
table compares the salaries following 5 years of work in various sectors.
Overall, the most successful students are found in full-time or part-time work, and the highest
proportion of the top-earning anthropologists worked for the government.
According to the pie chart, a little over half of the graduates were in full-time employment,
followed at quite a distance, by part-time employment at 15% and unemployment at 12%. Those
in postgraduate studies or unknown occupations accounted for 8% respectively. The fewest, at
only 5%, were those doing part-time work and postgraduate study.
Regarding the salaries, 80% of the freelance consultants earn from 75000 to over 100000$ after
5 years’ work. The total earnings in the government sector are in the same salary ranking. Both
government and freelance employees have similar salaries, starting with 5% of each earning
25000-49999$, and 15% making 50000-74999$. The wages in private companies are slightly
different, most of them are paid 50000-74999$ at 35% of the total. The minor salary is also paid
to the lowest amount of workers (10%).

Childcare training courses should be mandatory for all parents. Do you agree or disagree
with this statement? Give your own opinion and include relevant examples.
Some believe that modern technology is increasing the gap between rich and poor people,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people think that the government should invest money in arts and cultural events,
while others believe that the government should spend money on more important things.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
 it develops our soul
 our imagination develops
 it increases mood
- there are others areas which are needed development
- it concerns countries third world
In our contemporary world, authorities play a vital part in the county's life and
people’s lives too, making decisions due to the fact to improve the level of life. It
concerns cultural growth, some think that the administration has to allocate much
money to organize more arts events. However, others believe that there are plenty of
more important things which need investing money. In my opinion, parliament
should concentrate on necessary measures and then delve into less important areas.
On the one hand, arts and culture are a part of humanity’s development and
improvement. It gives us new ideas and makes our minds think in a creative way.
Moreover, culture formulates a person's soul organization and gives an opportunity
to feel different emotions, art events can educate and inspire us. Therefore, the state
should allocate funds for this area so that the nation will be intelligent and have
critical thinking.
On the other hand, there are other fields that need investment, especially regarding
countries in the third world. First of all, they demand to establish such areas as
economics, education, transport. Because there is no great point in improving the
level of culture when the salary is barely enough for a living.
In my view, the government must pay attention to all areas of activity but still devote
more energy to problem sectors. In the future, when everything will be in a stable
state, it is necessary to balance investments in the cultural advancement of the
country.
To sum up, it seems that culture and art are less important in the development of the
county, but the prosperity of the homeland depends on the progress of all spheres of
activity and their high level.
Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
The table illustrates the number of registered transports which includes five types of them in
Australia in 2010, 2012, and 2014.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the highest amount of vehicles are for passengers.
However, the greatest alteration during this period were motorcycles, and the smallest was
heavy tracks.
According to the figures, the number of passenger vehicles in 2010 was 11,800,00 and their
number increased every two years. As a result, the total change rose by 10,2%. In the second
place, there was commercial transport of about 2,300,000 units in 2010. Two years later
their quantity climbed to 2,600,000 and in the last year, there were 2,700,00. So, the whole
change was 17,4%. As for motorcycles, their variation was the biggest almost 31%. They
started with the number of 540,000 and peaked at 709,000 units. Regarding heavy trucks,
they had the lowest percentage of change at 8,3%. Finally, light trucks had the minimal
amount of units around 106,000 and each second year they skyrocketed by an average of
10,000, so the total change was 23,3%.
In our contemporary world, there are a lot of languages that we use to communicate with
each other, but not everyone can memorize over three of them. Therefore, some part of our
community believes that it is necessary to have one universal language. In my opinion, it will
be convenient for all population to talk in one tongue, but the demand to learn other
languages will disappear. There are some pros and cons to this topic of discussion.
On the one hand, the new language can help humans to talk with somebody from any
territory, especially, it will play a vital part in business and international problems. There
won’t some misunderstanding between country representatives, consuls, diplomats from
different parts of the world. In addition to this, ordinary individuals can discuss some things
with the same people like them, but from another region, finding out more about their
culture and traditions.
On the other hand, every nation has its specialties including language, so if someone wants
to know more about these habitats, they should study their speech. Due to the fact that we
discover extra languages, we develop ourselves inside, knowing much information about
the mentality of folk, their conduct, and manner of communication. As we negotiate,
we are able to approach dealing better with these people.
In my mind, the benefits overweigh the drawback, because nowadays there are a lot of
problems in our world: political, environmental, and economic. I would like to recommend
having one language for these global situations in order to make international solutions.
To sum up, the invention of a new language does not exclude the presence of old. People
will communicate as they are already used to and choose the language they like even if it is
new.
Do you agree or disagree?
Certain personal qualities cannot be achieved through university studies. Do you agree or
disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Many people believe that family has a greater influence on a child’s life and development
compared to other factors, such as friends, TV, music and so on. Do you agree or disagree
with this statement?
- spend more time with family

- parents as a role model
- influence of the family members
In the modern world, children’s life, especially their mental and physical growth, is
influenced by several factors. They are not limited only by the impact of their families, but
also might include social media, music and friends at school or neighbourhood. From my
standpoint, I think the nuclear family plays the most important role in the life of a young
human since they spend most of their time together.
One of the main reasons to support my opinion towards this statement is that a child is born
in their family and lives a certain period of life. The members of the family, particularly a
mother and a father, take necessary part in behaviour and formation of the personality. That
happens when they celebrate different holidays, including birthdays, wins in competitions
and anniversaries, they express their feelings as well as exchange exciting emotions with
each other .
I would like to add that parents are considered as a role model for their children. The basis
values such as respect, discipline and right demeanor can only be taught by responsible
parents. As a consequence, a child absorbs all situations, manners, habits from their
parents, as a result they become like standards of conduct for them. Furthermore, a child
learns family traditions by observing their elders, for instance, respectfully treating the
guests, dressing for holidays smartly, not speaking rudely to each other and being attentive
to old people.
Taking everything into account, it is the family that can provide a supportive, secure, and
nurturing environment, which is crucial to the way in which a child becomes an adult.
Therefore, all that happens in the circle of loved ones affects the child and their psyche, so
the family is one of the main components of the individual.

Many people believe that it’s better to learn something in a group rather than individually. Do
you agree or disagree?
Schooling plays a vital role in every human’s life. Many people opine that learning alone is
less effective than a group one. It seems to me that group studying is beneficial because
there are several reasons behind it, and the main one is exchanging knowledge with other
students.
In the first place, young people get a lot of motivation from other students especially if most
of them are ready-witted and purposeful. What is more, they will want to cognize a great deal
of information, improve their skills and knowledge while being surrounded by like-minded
people.
Secondly, group study gives us the option to share our knowledge. In other words, when we
learn something as a team, we have more thoughts and ideas in contrast to the individual
study. Besides this, sometimes questions arise from people on a particular topic under
study, which they have not thought about before, in this way they explore the theme even
deeper.
Last but not least, youngsters gain experience in communication and work with different
people in a team. Often there are tasks when they need to work in tandem with someone as
a consequence they should find a common language, adequately discuss various topics and
behave with restraint. Besides the skills and expertise, an individual could learn about a
sense of compassion and empathy when surrounded by many people. Teamwork enables
one's leadership quality and maximizes their strengths to bring out the best.
In conclusion, group learning is a powerful approach to be considered by many

organizations. As it enhances the efficiency of providing better results and convenience to
the group. I believe that this studying is preferable to individually.

Some businesses prohibit smoking in any of their offices. Some governments
have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree that this is
the right course of action? Give reasons for your opinion.
https://www.ielts-blog.com/category/ielts-writing-samples/ielts-essays-band-7/page/8/
Some people think that it is fine for professional sportsmen and sportswomen to
misbehave on or off the field, as long as they are playing well.
Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Sample Essay
Although most professional athletes are aware of their position as role models for their fans and
behave accordingly, some sportsmen and sportswomen behave poorly during matches and in their
private life. While some people find it acceptable as long as their performance on the field is not
impacted, not everyone agrees with that point of view.
Those who put athletes’ performance on the field above everything else point out that the
competitive environment and immense pressure the sports people are under affect their behavior.
They argue that athletes are entitled to privacy and their actions before and after games should
not concern the general public. I find this hard to agree with because poor behavior in
sportspeople is incompatible with their role in public life and also for the reason that their actions
could negatively affect their entire sports industry.
The main reason why I believe athletes should behave well at all times is that their behavior is
tremendously influential. Spectators respect players and many copies their actions and behavior;
therefore, if top players misbehave or violate laws, some of the fans may feel compelled to follow
their example and behave badly. For example, after an acclaimed baseball player was caught using
drugs some years ago, the number of people who were arrested for the same crime significantly
increased. This shows quite clearly why high-profile players should consider their actions very
carefully to promote a peaceful society.
Also, the behavior of athletes might affect the popularity of their sports. Some companies sponsor
successful athletes who boost their brand recognition and sales of their products. Players and
sports industry executives are financially compensated for endorsing products and participating in
commercial advertisements. If they demonstrate poor behavior, sponsors could direct their money
elsewhere, and as a result, sports matches could suffer due to lack of funds. To illustrate, Sumo, a
traditional Japanese sport, is held every season thanks to resources donated by companies. In a
year when a Sumo player was involved in a violent crime, no matches were held, resulting in a
large deficit of funds.
In conclusion, I completely disagree with the opinion that top athletes are permitted to behave
badly because their behavior may negatively influence public behavior and the sports industry
itself.
Assessor’s comment: This response addresses both sides of the argument by exploring
the reasons why some people think athletes are allowed to behave poorly as long as
they play well, and the reasons why others think poor behavior has no excuse. This
response deserves a high score for task achievement because of that. A good range of
cohesive devices is used in this essay; that and the organizationcenters of ideas makes
it easy to follow. Sentence structures are varied and the vocabulary is quite rich, the
author also showed good control of grammar and spelling. It is worth noting that this
sample is longer than the recommended 260 – 285 words, however, this isn’t an issue
provided the author can complete an essay of this length and quality in under 40
minutes. Overall this is a good example of a Band 8 essay.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks and sports
facilities, rather than shopping centres for people to spend their free time. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?
- importance of time spent outdoors (socializing, health)
- money issues
- a variety of facilities
Nowadays the construction of new modern cities focuses on building shopping malls but
lacks public parks and sports facilities. In my view, public recreational places outdoors play a
more important role in the citizens’ life.
To begin with, there is a great necessity of spending time in the fresh air rather than in the
crowded shops. Firstly, public gardens usually occupy a huge area and have a lot of
greenery, as result oxygen is produced in large quantities that have a good effect on
people’s health. However, it is not available in buildings with artificial air conditioning.
Secondly, sports establishments help people to keep fit, be strong and extend their lives. It is
a good idea to build sports clubs for all ages, for instance, equipment suitable for children,
adults, and elders.
Apart from this, outdoor public places have not so many temptations, unlike emporiums.
Going outside for a walk people are not thinking about spending large sums of money. Little
they may buy is coffee or ice cream, which can not be said about department stores. The
main purpose of going there is a waste of money whether on clothes, on food or
entertainment.
Despite all the disadvantages of shopping centers, there are still adherents of them,
therefore they have pluses. For instance, shopping relieves stress, children’s play areas
allow parents to do their own thing, a large selection of restaurants in the food zone makes it
possible to choose any dishes and watching a movie in the cinema relaxes after a shopping
trip.
Taking everything into account I think it is essential that public parks and sports facilities be
included in urban planning. Shopping malls are necessary too but should be left to
commercial developers. It has to be more towns with balanced arrangements of public
spaces and shopping areas.

It is often said that to become a successful businessman a tertiary education is not
at all necessary. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Governments and big companies should work together to reverse environmental
damage, rather than making individuals responsible for that. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Most scientific inventions and discoveries are worthless and only waste time and
money resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your own
opinion.

Nowadays in many countries, women have full-time jobs. Therefore, it is logical to
share household tasks evenly between men and women. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement?
- women self-develop
- women not get bored and not get tired
- men stop working
Recently, women have been occupied with their jobs all over the world. Therefore,
it is necessary that both men and women need to share housework equally. In my
point of view, this statement is partly true.
To begin with, one of the major reasons to share work between male and female is
to form gender equality in society as well as at home. It is a great position that
women have a certain kind of activity, as a result they can provide for themselves
and their children. What is more, females have an opportunity to develop, improve
themselves instead of spending most of their time on household chores. They
become interesting personalities, consequently, the attraction of the opposite sex
and other people is inavitable.
Secondly, feminine genders are not bored and tired with housework if men help
them. In addition to this, couples become more united when they do these tasks
together and appreciate all the work done. They are suggested to do various kinds
of tasks at home, such as watching, cleaning and taking care of babies, whereas
men can do minor tasks, such as cooking and shopping.
On the other hand, the majority of men do not tend to do housework. In this regard,
they are willing to bring the money, and not participate in such work. Males have
more complicated tasks at work and they are usually given leading positions with
overwhelming duties, hence, there will be no promotion and they are not paid
sufficient salary. I think men have to work as an alternative to do the homemaking,
so families will not have financial problems.
In conclusion, although there are chances of conflicts in a family about sharing work
around the house evenly, men should help their partners when it is really
necessary.

While recruiting a new employee, the employer should pay more attention to their
personal qualities, rather than qualifications and experience. To what extent do you
agree or disagree? Give your opinion and include relevant examples.
Discuss both views and give your opinion
Some people believe that sports are a key element in our society, while others
argue that it’s just a recreational activity to be done in one’s free time. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Computer games and films containing violence are popular today. Some
people think that these are harmful for our society and the government should
ban them. Others argue that such games and films are fine for entertainment.
- people stay angrier, violent actions

- it helps people to release stress
- they should be controlled to some degree
Nowadays, there is a lot of cruelty in computer games and movies,

becoming more widespread with time. A part of society believes that
this kind of entertainment is inappropriate and has to be outlawed.
However, others do not share the same opinion and find it as
amusement. I think it should be controlled to some degree.
On the one hand, video games and flicks influence really perniciously,
consequently adolescents become more aggressive, nervous. It
happens because virtual games contain murders, force, vicious tasks,
besides this, plunging a person without thinking about mental health
receives a dose of negativity, which then translates into irritability in
everyday life.
On the other hand, it helps people to release stress, especially computer

games. When humans feel tense and anxious, it is a good idea to
discharge themselves doing this kind of activity. In addition, there are
adherents of watching violent films, thus they relax and have fun.
From my perspective, I strongly believe that authorities need to control
the number of released fierce motion pictures and games. What is
more, it is necessary to set more age restrictions, fines, in particular, for
children who are not morally unstable and more susceptible to
influence. Once violence becomes normalized in their psyche, they will
stop seeing it as a crime, as a result-, this gives rise to criminal
tendencies in them.
In conclusion, this kind of entertainment is necessary to be present in

our life. However, the government should watch the growth of outrage
in films and games for the normal formation of the younger generation.
So brutal content ought to be censured because it is malicious in
nature.
Some people believe that managers are responsible for the organization’s
success, while others think various features of the organization play a vital
role in it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people believe that research into family history is useful for the next
generations, while others claim that the present and future are more
important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The famous American actor John Wayne once said “Tomorrow is the most important thing in our
life.” However, some people think that the present time is more important. How important is it for
individuals and the country to think and do something for the future? What is your own opinion?
The government is funding universities and providing scholarships for the best students. To what
extent do you agree with this approach? Shouldn’t it be supported by private organizations and
students paying their own tuition fees?
- it motivates students
- government has their own specialists
- supported by private organizations
Nowadays, education is a vital part in people’s lives improving the quality of their knowledge.
Therefore the authorities are responsible for paying tuition fees of the outstanding students and
providing financial contribution to the university. In my opinion, students’ scholarships are important
for the smart ones, although, private establishments and learners themselves can cover schooling
expenses in certain cases.
In the first place, receiving a financial award motivates undergraduates to study hard and refine their
attainments. Others compete with them, consequently, they try to stay on the same level and upgrade
their marks. Educators observe potential in the best university students in order to give
recommendations for the future jobs.
Apart from this, a country requires high level specialists for its development and prosperity, so the
government is obliged to ensure sufficient financial help not only for the learners, but also for
educational institutions. They should pay attention to conditions of university facilities, equipping the
special laboratories, research departments and libraries.
On the other hand, the perfect students can be supported by private organisations due to the fact that
the company accepts them ensuring their development and raising their own employees. Moreover,
future workers receive necessary experience in the certain industry, instead of an apprenticeship
period. In addition to this, learners are enabled to spend on their education, so self-tuition fees can be
seen as a contribution to the schooling and motivation to get smarter.
In conclusion, the main funder of nurturing young people is the government. However, there is
another way to receive financial help from private organisations or pay for themselves.
HW

Some people say that children who find subjects such as mathematics and
philosophy difficult do not have to study them at school. These subjects should be
optional, not compulsory. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- develop our brains and logic

- they sometimes need in lives
- in some cases people can choose what they want to learn
People start learning mathematics with childhood, it takes a vital part in their early
education. Philosophy is a more difficult subject, consequently, it is included in
undergraduate studying. In my opinion, it is prefered for each person to know these
subjects in order to develop themselves inside and outside.
In the first place, maths creates human’s minds, intelligence, logic and plays an
essential role in our everyday lives. As a child, we begin to count our toys, members
of the family, fingers, different things, so every stage of our advancement gets
complicated. Young people go to school, then they go to university, therefore brains
have not to stay in the same place. Besides this, logic is a necessary skill to plan the
future, events, tasks, as a result even a child needs this.
Secondly, as for philosophy, it elaborates critical thinking, makes us consider more

abstractly. Thanks to this, we form our own opinion, becoming less impose to
someone else’s vision of the situation. Moreover, individuals stop assuming down to
earth, which means they are looking for their purpose.
On the other hand, our community has changed through the years, people can
decide for themselves how smart and educated they want to be. Accordingly, it is
permissible to introduce the right to choose to study these subjects, because they
are considered really difficult to understand, especially for children.
To sum up, I believe that society will need compulsory study of mathematics and
philosophy for the development of itself as a person and its offsprings. However we
ought to take into account the fact that not everyone can be wise and enlightened.
Maps
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the…(little town…)named (Kharkiv) and the
future layout. (in … year)
The extent of the transformations that took place at (where?), which was evaluated in two
distinct years (... 3 years), is exhibited in the given diagram.
The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in the year 2004 with a proposed
site design for the 2024.
Island
The two pictures compare the layout of an island as it was before with a proposed site design
for the future.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the island considerably changed with the introduction of
tourism. However, the west part of the island is left without changes.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, we can see the majority of the island area was almost
unused. It had only a small beach on its eastern part and some trees planted on both sides of the
island.
On the other hand, numerous facilities were built later. First of all, a reception was constructed in
the central area, which was connected to a restaurant in the northern area and pier in the south by
a vehicle track. In addition, the pier was used for boat trips. Furthermore, many accommodation
units were established on both sides of the reception with a footpath linking the huts with each
other as well as with a reception. Lastly, there was a designated swimming area for tourists on the
eastern tip of the island.
tourist oriented - tourist friendly area

the future layout - the proposed site design
can accommodate a considerably larger number of
due to the reconstruction
a new stretch of road\railway\path was built, running directly north\ south
was industrialized\modernized , experience dramatic changes
disappeared \ vanished
Overall, it can be clearly seen - it is noticeable that\ it is worth noting that \ it is noteworthy
(стоит заметить)
Some people are afraid to leave the house because of crime. Some believe that
more can be done to prevent crimes, while others think there is little that can be
done. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Nowadays food travels thousands of miles before reaching consumers. It affects the
agriculture and economy of the destination country, and for this reason people
should prefer food produced by local farmers. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons
for your answers and include examples from your experience.
Some people think that city planners should consider creating more green spaces
and planting trees, while others argue that they should focus on building new homes.
- parks are good for health

- the number of people is increasing, it’s a good business
- each area of housing needs greenery
Nowadays, modern towns should include a certain number of parks for the
healthy people’s lives. However, we have not to forget about accommodation
because of the increasing population. In my opinion, the amount of greenery
and housing ought to be approximately the same.
On the one hand, parks play a vital part in our everyday lives due to the fact
that we have an opportunity to enjoy the fresh air, the beauty of nature and
walk along the path with friends. Also, it is a habitat for various animals,
especially birds. Moreover, oxygen that is released by plants does not allow
the environment to be too polluted from the products of human activity.
On the other hand, building new houses is an important component of cities.

Every year, the number of people is rising, so they need accommodation.
Besides this, it is a great way to invest the money and develop real estate
business.
Personally, I believe that construction of houses should not exceed the

number of gardens. Every district needs a green area that will at least absorb
pollution from outside. If there is no opportunity and place to make a large
park, the authorities are obliged to plant as many trees and bushes as
possible so that inhabitants can breathe better.
In conclusion, city planning requires being smart and not just about benefits.
The structure of parks and planting must be included in the municipality
development design in order to maintain a balance with the quantity of
houses.

Some people think that the advantages of advertising sports products through
famous sports players outweigh the disadvantages. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
- it is an etalon of a perfect man

- motivate people to do sport
- it is only a picture, but reality is different
Nowadays, there are a lot of sportspersons, taking part in the publicities of sports
items which surround us. In my opinion, the benefits are more than detriments for
our community, however sometimes the impact of blurbs is harmful for people.
First of all, humans believe that an athlete is an etalon of men, so it is a good idea to
use them in advertisements. All the world watches them on the bigboards, televisions
and magazines, as a result, people choose them as idols and look up to them. In
addition to this, the marketing process works because of the faces they are depicted
on, the certain unit of society wants to buy these products to look like their
heartthrobs. Moreover, the financial stream of advertising companies increases.
Secondly, it motivates us to do sport, look better and keep fit. Beautiful pictures are
not allowed individuals to stay in the same place in our progress and development,
consequently, we buy commodities and use them. Beside this, this kind of adverts
give us confidence in ourselves on the path of self-improvement through the use of
these products.
Nevertheless, it is not always everything as in the picture. Sportsmen are ordinary

people with imperfections, which are hidden by advertising. Sports products are not
magic potions that will make us the perfect, but only help to achieve our goal.
In conclusion, if a person really understands the essence and purpose of advertising,

then for them the sufficiency will exceed the disadvantages, and for those who fully
believe in everything without an adequate assessment, then for them everything will
be the other way around.
Islip Town
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the town named Islip and the future
layout.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the major change is pedestrianisation for shopping
house area, while a new road for vehicles is planned to be around the town centre.
Focusing on the current map, the town centre is developed around the main road
with many shops to the north and to the south of it. Also, a big area is occupied by
housing in the south. This territory is limited by a park in the east and a school in the
south-west. Both of them are connected to the main road by side roads.
Moving onto the predictions, the main road will be transformed into the dual
carriageway which surrounds the whole town creating a circle. Moreover, a bus
station, shopping centre, car park and new housing areas will be built on the north
side. However, the shops, school and park will remain as they are. The north and
south part will be divided by a pavement for pedestrians. The countryside in the
north will be turned into a part of the city.
Laguna Beach
The extent of the transformations that took place at Laguna Beach, which was evaluated in
three distinct years (1950,1970 and 1990), is exhibited in the given pictures.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the beach considerably changed with the development of
tourism. The major changes are related to the appearance of places of an entertaining nature.
Focusing on the 1970s map, the beach huts were expanded and replaced by villas.
Furthemore, the caravan park was established on the eastern part along which the road to
the north runs. However, the western part of the beach was left without changes.
Looking at the picture of the last year of changes, the accommodation was extended even
more its size and made way for the hotel. There was a swimming pool built along the
road. Beside this, the caravan park was given way for the car park. Also, the surf
school was constructed in the central part of Laguna Beach by the sea. Lastly, the
western part was planted by palm trees and greenery which have turned into
Landscaped Gardens.
University Sport centre
The two pictures compare the layout of a university sports centre as it is in present with a
proposed site design for the future.
Overall, it is noticeable that the university sport centre is expected to become much bigger
with new recreational facilities planned such as dance studios, a leisure pool and shops.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, behind the reception area there is a 25m indoor
pool with a changing room and a seating area on either side, including a gym toward the rear
of the building. In addition, there are two separate indoor courts adjacent to the main
building on the east and west side.
Regarding future plans, the outdoor courts are set to be removed and the building is planned
to be upgraded to a self-contained sports facility. The current pool is going to remain as it is
and a large leisure pool with a changing room is expected to be built in the west wing. Also, a
proposed sports centre in the east wing will include dance studios and a changing room. In
the reception area a sports shop and a cafe are constructed.
Grange Park
The illustrations depict the current conditions of the park named Grange Park and the initial
layout in 1920.
As can be seen from the pictures, the park has been dramatically transformed after the
constructions of several entertainment facilities over the given period.
Looking at the maps in more detail, the greatest changes have been made in the middle by
replacing the fountain with a rose garden with seating arrangements around it. Moreover, on
the left of the new rose garden the stage for musicians has also been substituted by an
amphitheatre for concerts that look quite huge insize. Seating on the far left side as well as
the rose garden in the bottom left corner on the map has been removed. Furthermore, both
entrances at the top and bottom of the map have remained untouched. However, the rose
garden on the right side has been replaced with a cafe while the pond for water plants has
been transformed into a children’s play area. The glasshouse with some seats has been
knocked down and a beautiful water feature has been formed. Besides, a completely new
entrance has been built that leads to an underground car park.
City Hospital
The extent of the transformations that took place at City Hospital, which was evaluated in
two distinct years (2007 and 2010), is exhibited in the given maps.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the city hospital considerably changed with the increasing in
staff and patient in, in particular, the infrastructure was developed.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, the hospital was surrounded by the ring road,
which was linked with the hospital road in the southern part. On both sides of this road there
were bus stops. Also, there was a car park for staff and public on the right of the bus stops.
Besides this, the hospital road was connected perpendicular to the city road.
Regarding the plan three years later, the bus station was built on the left side of the hospital
road, which led to the roundabout on the northwest and southwest sides of the Ring, Hospital
and City roads. Moreover, the car park on the left of the Hospital road was replaced by the
parking area only for staff. In addition to this, the public parking was constructed on the left
of the City Hospital.
School Site
The two pictures compare the layout of a school as it was in 2004 with a proposed site design
for 2024.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the school site will considerably change with the increase in
students (from 600 to 1000) and , in particular, the additional territories will be built.
Looking at the initial map in more detail, the road in the lower left corner went straight to
the car park, near which there was a main entrance. Also there was a long path that led to
the sports field. Moreover, on both sides of the path there were two school buildings. In
addition to this, the whole school area was surrounded by forest.
Regarding the future map, the sports field will be replaced with the third school building and
the second car park. Furthermore, the sports ground will be constructed in the bottom of
these places. Besides this, other school buildings will be extended and connected with each
other. The path will run from these structures to the third building and all of them will be
bent around by the road to the second parking lot.
COFFEE
The given diagram depicts the production of coffee using a dry method.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 12 stages in this linear process. Also, it is a time-
consuming manufacturing which involves both human and machine labour.
According to the pictures, first of all, beans are sorted by hands, and then cleaned using a
sieve. After that, they are laid out on the concrete floor to be dried in the sun. While they are
drying, they are raked and turned by workers to get an even drying process, which can take
up to four weeks. On the next step, they are collected and stored in a silo before being sent to
the mill. Once they have been transported, beans are taken through the procedure of hulling,
when the shells are removed. Then they are graded for quality, since not all beans are the
same. After being graded, they are bagged and sent to companies which sell the coffee
commercially. Before the last stage the coffee is roasted in the machines. Finally, it is packed
and sold to the consumers.
NOODLES
The given diagram depicts the production of instant noodles.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 8 stages in this linear process, commencing with
storing flour in silos and ending with labeling and sealing cups . Furthermore, all actions
are made by the machine.
According to the pictures, first of all, a special car brings flour and fills the storage silos with
it. Then, the flour is entered in the mixer and starts blending with the addition of water and
oil. As a result, rollers are obtained, which are drawn into sheets and dried. The sheets are
cut into strips, which are also dried. Next, noodles discs are formed from the dough strips,
they are cooked with oil and dried again. After this, they are put into cups, adding vegetables
and spices in them. The final preparation step is to label and seal the contents so that the end
product is ready for retail.
SALMON
The given illustrations depict the life cycle of a fish called salmon.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are three distinct physical stages as a fish grows to maturity.
It is interesting to see that the salmon lives in both fresh water as well as sea water.
According to the pictures, first of all, the salmon lays its eggs in the upper river with slow moving
water. The eggs rest in the cover of reeds and small stones for 5 to 6 months, after, the eggs hatch
into ‘fry’, which are 3 to 8 cm in length. These ‘fry’ live in the fast flowing lower river for
approximately 4 years. By the time the salmon reach 12 to 15 cm, they are called ‘smolt’ and they
migrate further downriver into the open sea. Next, the salmon live there for 5 years and they will
have grown to adult size, which is between 70-76 cm. Finally, they swim back to the birth place,
where they will lay their eggs, and the cycle starts anew.
KETCHUP
The given pictures depict the commercial production of ketchup.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are 15 stages in this liner process commencing with picking
tomatoes and ending with eating it with some food, which involves human labour.
According to the illustrations, first of all, the tomatoes are picked and put in the basket by the
farmer. The second stage is sorting good and bad tomatoes. After this, they are sent to the factory
by lorry, where stalks, skin and seeds are removed from them. Peeled tomatoes are put into the
big container and they are crushed. In the resulting substance sugar, vinegar, salt is added and it
is boiled. The next stage is leaving essence for two hours. Then, the ketchup is bottled and
labeled and it undergoes quality control before packing in boxes. Before the last stage, it is sent to
the supermarkets. Finally, people buy ketchup and eat it with hamburger and fries.
SILK
The given pictures depict the life cycle of the silkworm and the production of the silk cloth.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk
cloth through a very simple process.
According to the first diagram, there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. At the
beginning, eggs are laid by the moth and it takes 10 days for each egg to become a silkworm larva
that feeds on mulberry leaves. After 4-6 weeks, larva starts to make a silk thread around itself
and this process takes from 3 to 8 days to become a finished cocoon. 16 days later, the moths
eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.
Regarding the second diagram, the cocoons are the raw material used with the production of silk
cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding
stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 m long, which means that they can be twisted
together or used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. Both products (thread and fabric) can be
dyed.
ORANGE JUICE
The given illustrations depict the production of orange juice.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there are a certain number of stages commencing with providing
fresh oranges to the factory and ending with supplying the supermarket.
According to the illustrations, first of all, the fresh oranges are delivered at the factory by the
truck and they are extracted. The result of this process is fresh juice and solid waste. Thus, solid
waste is sent to the farm and animals are fed using this. While fresh juice can be packed and set
off to the supermarkets or put to the refrigerator track to start the production of concentrated
juice. The next stage is evaporation, where water is removed from the fresh juice. After this, the
resulting substance is concentrated, canned and placed in the warehouse. Then, the juice is
passed to the factory and water is added in it. Before the last stage, it is packed and, finally, sent
to the supermarket.
CEMENT
The given illustrations depict the production of cement and concrete.
Overall, it can be clearly seen there is a complex production of cement on the first picture and the
second picture represents a simpler concrete production that uses the result of the previous
process for construction purposes.
According to the first diagram, at the beginning limestone and clay are grinded up in a crusher.
The next stage is mixing the resulting powder. Then, this substance is entered in the rotating
heater which has constant heat applied at one end of the tube. After this, the blend is spilled out
into the grinder which turns it into cement powder. The ending of the process is cement, which is
packed into the big bags.
Looking at the second diagram, the concrete production includes cement (15%), water (10%),
sand (25%) and small stones named gravel (50 %). All of these ingredients are put in the concrete
mixer and blended. Finally, there is concrete, which is used for building needs.
In some countries the quality of life in larger cities is declining. Why do you think
this is happening? What measures can be taken to stop it?

Nowadays museums and historical sites are mainly visited by foreign tourists instead
of locals. Why is this happening? What can be done to get locals to visit museums
and historical sites more?

Nowadays employment options are changing and employees cannot rely on having
the same job and working conditions throughout their life. What are some possible
causes? Suggest some ways to plan for the future under these circumstances.

The urban transport system receives more funds compared to the rural transport
system. Why do you think it is so? How can it be solved?

Nowadays the crime rate is increasing, especially among teenagers. What are the
reasons behind it? How can we reverse this trend? What punishment methods
should be used, in your opinion?

Nowadays people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants.
Why do you think people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food
they throw away?
In our contemporary world, people do not value meals and let themselves throw it
away. In my opinion, it happens because there are a lot of delicious dishes in the
restaurants and in the supermarket, so citizens cannot stop buying all of this and
count the distinct amount of food they consume. One of the important solutions is
rethinking about our ingestions and number of eating food.
To begin with the causes of this issue, I would like to mention that shops are full of
different food, so humans going there are not able to decide what units they need. As
a result, they certainly grab all they like. Furthermore, nutrition with discounts
attracts our attention and impacts on our greed, so we buy it even when it is not
necessary. Thus a person purchases too much food, which then is spoiled and it is
thrown away.
Consequently it is vital to overcome this issue because there is a big problem which
includes not being able to stop in time and correctly compute the amount of food that
we can eat. Therefore, the solution is to correctly calculate the diet for a family or
individual so that there are no leftovers in the refrigerator. Another solution is to
introduce a rule that allows us to buy a certain quantity of products per person.
To sum up, humanity should think about this problem, because a lot of countries
have not enough food for everyone, whilst others fool away it and not appreciate it.
We use the resources of our earth and not think about effects, they are not endless,
they need to be replenished and not decimated.
Nowadays many children are playing computer games instead of doing sports
activities. Why is it happening? Is it a negative or positive development?
In our contemporary world, it is not surprising that the young generation spends a
lot of time on their computers, playing different games and we notice that they spend
less time doing sport. In my opinion, it happens because modern technologies attract
our attention more and more, especially children’s, so they stop thinking about their
health and forget about necessity to do some activities. The consequences of this
activity may have different impacts.
To begin with the causes of this issue, I would like to mention that mobile phones,
computers are surrounding us, young people’s attention is drawn to the abundance
of video games. It is not a secret for anyone that any game can be greatly tightened
and we do not notice how time passes. In particular, it concerns, which are more
influenced by this type of activity and cannot be taken away from it. As a result, there
is not enough time to do sport or think about it.
Talking about the outcome there is a detrimental effect when video games are
harmful for our health, if we do not control the amount of time spent on it. However,
we should consider the beneficial influence because people have an opportunity to
connect their lives with this activity and receive plenty of money, as this industry is
still developing.
To sum up, it cannot be said that computer games are evil or good, we should
remember that balance is needed everywhere. Sports are very important for
children’s health, but recreation also has a place in their life.

Nowadays most people spend less time at their homes. What are the causes for it?
What are the effects on society and individuals?

Nowadays more and more people are spending less time at home. Why do you think
it happens? What effect does this have on individuals and the society?

Nowadays people mostly use cars rather than bicycles as a transportation preference.
What effects are caused by this trend? What can be done to encourage the public to
use bicycles more?
Nowadays mobile phones and the Internet became a very common aspect of socialising. Do
you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages? Give your opinion
and relevant examples.
In some countries, with the widespread use of the internet, people are able to work or study from
home, instead of having to travel to work or college. Do the advantages of this outweigh the
disadvantages? Discuss and state your own opinion.
Nowadays, most countries are developing rapidly in terms of technology and

communications, so the internet is prevalent in people’s lives. It is not surprising that the
network can be used in all aspects of our lives. Employees can work without leaving home,
and students can study without going to university. However, there are some pros and cons
in this topic of discussion.
The main advantage of having an opportunity to work in the apartment is that people save
the time, which they waste on the road and traffic jams. In addition, they do not lose their
nerves on things that are not related to occupation. Besides this, wage earners create a
specific calm atmosphere, which can help them work efficiently. Concerning schooling, one
plus of studying at home is that this is an excellent test of the pupil's motivation and desire to
gain new knowledge and improve themselves. Another profit is becoming more independent
learners whilst teachers control their performance at school.
The greatest minus of staying at home is lack of real contact and social adaptation. In
particular, it is necessary for young children, who need the skill to communicate with their
peers and teachers. Another drawback is that people get bored with the same type of home
environment, sometimes they want variety in their working days.
Taking everything into account, I believe that benefit outweighs the disadvantages, as most
sectors of life are moving to the online format, so people must adapt to such changes and
look for solutions to the shortcomings if they exist.

In some countries citizens are allowed to keep a gun in their home. Do the advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages? Discuss and give your opinion.
In many countries it is easy to apply and to get a credit card. However, credit card debt causes many
problems and is hard to pay back. Do you think the advantages of credit cards outweigh the
disadvantages?

Today credit cards are easy to get in many countries, but some people who use them struggle to
repay their debt. Are there more advantages than disadvantages to using credit cards? What is
the solution to this problem?

There is a big influence of peer groups on children’s behaviour. Do advantages of this outweigh
the disadvantages? What can be done about it?
 having a desire to do some activities

 smart peers motivate
 human test
- bad friends can involve others in dangerous situations
- it’s a big pressure for weak person
- different levels of bread buttered on both sides of children affect the development of
complexes
It is an inevitable fact that young people will undergo immense influence from their friends
and acquaintances because they are students in the schools, members of some activities
clubs, so communicating with each other is a socialization process. In my opinion, pros of
this prevail over the cons. Besides this, there are several measures that can make the bad
sides of this problem less visible.
One of the advantages of having an influence on friends is that by communicating with them
the child receives a huge experience in countering external impact and filtering the
information provided. It is like a test that shows how much a human can influence a person.
Another benefit is getting motivation from smart and intelligent fellows, especially in
schooling. In addition to this, by vigorously discussing certain topics of sports or occupation,
students have a desire to engage in a particular activity.
The main disadvantage of this topic of research is that mentally weak young people can feel
the consequences of the bad influence of peers. Moreover, bullies can entail a child in
dangerous situations or make them do something terrible. Another drawback is if the
environment is rich enough, then the average person begins to have complexes about his
inferiority.
To solve all of the negative sides of this problem, first of all, families have to accept it and pay
maximum attention to solving the trouble. Secondly, close relatives should try to talk about
the child's concerns and give advice, but not exert pressure. Thirdly, a psychologist can be
involved in this process to speed up the result.
Taking everything into account, I believe that it is not a dangerous problem if it is kept under
control, given that this is a natural process of a person's becoming an individual and the
formation of character.
BEEF, LAMB, FISH, CHICKEN
The line graph illustrates the changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, fish, and chicken consumed
in a particular European country from 1979 to 2004.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that chicken consumption increased dramatically while the
popularity of other foods decreased over the period. Though, fish consumption was relatively
stable.
According to the figures, in 1979 beef was by far the most popular food with about 225 grams
consumed per person per week. In the same year, chicken and lamb were eaten in similar
quantities at around 150 grams. After that, during the 25- year period the consumption of beef
and lamb fell sharply to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. However, the
consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of
beef in 1989. By 2004 it had jumped to almost 250 grams. On the other hand, in 1979 much less
fish was consumed at just over 60 grams. The consumption of fish declined to just below 50
grams in the first 5 years, and for the rest of the period it did not change.
ENERGY
The line graph compares the amounts of energy consumed from different sources in the USA and
their expectation from 1980 to 2030 based on a 2008 report.
Overall, it can be clearly seen fossil fuels have shown increases in consumption with expectations
for even more reliance on them. However, cleaner energy sources have accounted for
considerably less consumption with predictions for a similar trend.
According to the figures, petrol and oil started at 35 quadrillion units in 1980, fluctuated until
2000, and then climbed steadily with a prediction of over 45 quadrillion units by 2030. Coal
followed a similar trend with expectations of around 30 quadrillion units by 2030, it will become
two times more. In 1980, natural gas started at approximately 20 quadrillion units, then
demonstrated fluctuation and leveled off at below 25 quadrillion units from 2013 onwards.
Regarding cleaner energy fuel sources, in 1980 nuclear, solar/wind, hydropower began at under 5
quadrillion units. After that, nuclear is anticipated to reach slightly less than 10 quadrillion units
in 2030. As for solar/wind and hydropower, over the next 30 years, they were fluctuating, and
then solar/wind expect to see minor growth of above 5 quadrillion units, hydropower is projected
to remain relatively unchanged until 2030.
FAST FOOD RESTAURANT
The bar chart compares how often people in the USA went to fast food establishments from 2003
to 2013.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that customers who ate in fast food restaurants once a week and
once or twice a month accounted for the majority, whereas people who either never ate in these
restaurants or went every day showed the minority throughout the whole period.
According to the figures, in 2003 the rate of individuals who ate in fast food establishments once
a week and once or twice a month started at above 31% and 30% respectively. For those in the
once-a-week group, this figure increased slightly but then dropped to around 27% in 2013. For
the latter category, there was a decline of 25% and a rise by 8% over a decade. Conversely, the
percentage for people who either ate fast food eateries every day or never stood at under 5%
throughout the ten-year period. The few times a year group rose slightly and levelled off at 15%
for 7 years. The several times a week category started at 17% in 2003, went up in 2006, and
settled back to around 16% in 2013.
ACCOMMODATION
The bar chart compares how many households in own accomodation and households in rented
accomodation in England and Wales from 1918 to 2011.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the numbers of households in rented apartments in early years
exceeded the number of families living in their own habitation. However, over the years,
indicators with their own housing began to increase, while the latter launched to fall.
According to the figures, in 1918 people who live in rented houses started at below 80%, then the
percentage declined slightly and had a period of stability between 1939 and 1953. After that, the
quantity of them dropped sharply to above 30% during the 48-year period. At the end, it climbed
to around 35% in 2011. As for the rate of individuals with their own flats, they commenced at over
20% in 1918, next, it grew and had a plateau from 1939 to 1953. Then, the index peaked rapidly to
69% in 2001. During an expansion it crossed with family units renting dwelling in 1971 by 50%.
Finally, the percentage decreased insignificantly to above 60% in 2011.
TOURISTS CARIBBEAN
The line graph illustrates the quantity of tourists attending Caribbean island from 2010 to 2017.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that total tourists dramatically increased while visitors staying on
cruise ships and visitors staying on island were fluctuating, but eventually rose gradually.
According to the figures, in 2010 the tourists staying on the cruise ships started at 0.25 millions,
then varied between 2011 - 2013 and peaked to 0.5 millions visitors. After that, the number of
tourists on cruise liners grew gradually to 2 millions in 2017. As for visitors staying on island,
they did not change for a year, but then climbed to 1.5 millions and had a period of stability until
2015. Next, they hovered for 2 years, crossing with the line of visitors on cruise ships and
returned again to its previous state of 1.5 million by 2017. Regarding the total number of tourists,
they began at 1 million and remarkably leaped to above 2.5 millions. They were in a constant
position throughout the year and finally skyrocketed to 3.5 millions in 2017.
EXPORT
The bar chart and table illustrate the changes in export earnings from 5 groups of products from
2015 to 2016.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that petroleum products, engineered goods, gems and jewellery
have earned more money than agricultural products and textiles. Moreover, the decreasing trend
was observed in gems and jewellery while the opposite trend was in four other categories.
According to the figures, export earnings from petroleum products rose from around 61 billion in
2015 to 63 billion in 2016, which was an increase of 3%. Income from engineered goods reached a
similar level. The country's export earnings from these goods went up by 8.5% to approximately
62 billion in 2016. As for export revenue from textiles, there was a 15.24% growth, with earnings
rising from roughly 25 billion to over 30 billion. By contrast, there was almost no change in the
amount of money earned from agricultural products, which remained at just over 30 billion.
Gems and jewellery is one of these groups, which had the only decline in income by around 5% to
approximately 40 billion in 2016.
RAILWAYS
The table illustrates the information regarding underground railways from six large cities in
various parts of the world.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that railways in London and Paris are the oldest with far longer
routes compared to Los Angeles and Kyoto. Passenger numbers for Tokyo are the highest,
whereas Kyoto indicates the lowest number of yearly passengers and the shortest route.
According to the figures, the London underground, which was opened in 1863, is the oldest
network and is the most extensive with 394 km of track. The railway system in Paris was
established in 1900 and is approximately half the size and serves more passengers. The
underground in Tokyo is the busiest of the three oldest with 1927 passengers yearly and 155 km
in length. Regarding the newer systems, Washington DC was opened in 1976 and has the longest
route of the three at 126 km. In contrast, Kyoto has the shortest route at 11 km and the lowest
passenger numbers with 45 million passengers yearly. Following this, Los Angeles was opened
twenty years later with 28 km of track and serves 50 million passengers per year.
ELECTRICITY
The pie charts compare the production of electricity which includes different fuel sources in
Australia and France between 1980 and 2000.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the main fuel source in Australia was coal and it increased for
years, while electricity production in France was based on various fuel sources. Though, French
nuclear power rose and exceeded others indicators by 2000.
According to the figures, total Australian production of electricity was 100 units in 1980,
moreover half of them was coal. Also, there was hydropower (20 units) and natural gas (20 units)
and the less used source was oil (10 units). Then, in 2000 total production peaked at 170 units,
the use of coal has grown even more to 130, and hydropower climbed to 36 units.
Regarding French production of electricity, the total number of electricity was 90 units. The most
common was coal (25 units), hydropower (25 units), and oil (20 units). However, in 2000 there
were 180 units and nuclear power skyrocketed exponentially to 136 units. Coal and oil almost did
not change, but natural gas and hydropower declined to 2 units.
MUSEUM
The table illustrates how many people visited the Ashdown museum in the year before the
renovation and after it. The charts depict the statistics of the survey of visitors and their degree of
satisfaction for 2 periods are mentioned above.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the total number of guests increased during the year after
restoration. Moreover, the surveys show that there were three-quarters satisfied people after
museum changes.
According to the figures, there were 74,000 visitors during the year before refurbishment.
Furthermore, only 45% of humans were satisfied and 40% of them were disgruntled. In addition
to this, 10% of individuals were disappointed about the museum. However, the year after the
repair was more successful because the number of visitors was 92,000 of which 35% were very
content and 40% were just pleased. 20% of people did not like the museum and the number of
non-respondents is the same (5%) in the two cases.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURE
The table depicts the proportion of consumer spending in five counties, comprising three
categories of products and services in 2002.
Overall, it can be seen the largest proportion of consumer expenditure for each country was food,
drinks, and tobacco. Conversely, the leisure and education section showed the lowest percentage
of spending. While the clothing and footwear section is marked as an average.
With regard to the highest expenditure, consumer spending in the first category was the highest
in Turkey at 32.14%, followed by Ireland at nearly 29%. Likewise, Turkey spent the most on the
last category at 4.35%. For the second sector, the greatest proportion belongs to Italy at 9%. In
terms of the lowest expenditures, Sweden had minor figures for national consumer spending on
the first two sections at 15.77% and 5.40% respectively. In the last category, the lowest
expenditure was observed in Spain almost 2%, followed closely by Ireland with an amount of
2.21%. According to the clothing and footwear sector, Ireland, Spain and Turkey had similar
indicators at about 6.5%. The second group of two counties (Italy, Sweden) had almost the same
percentage of 3.2% in the least popular category.
ELECTRICITY PRODUCED AND CONSUMER
The bar chart depicts the amount of electricity produced and consumed by the world’s top ten
energy users in 2014.
Overall, China and the USA produced and consumed significantly more electricity than other
countries. Interestingly, Germany is the only country, which consumed marginally more than
produced.
According to the figures/A broad assessment of the data reveals that , China was the
world’s leading energy generator and consumer, producing around 5,400 billion kWh and
consuming almost the same amount. In second place, the USA produced and consumed about
20% less electricity than China. The remainder of the top five - Russia, India, and Japan -
generated and used up 5 times less power than China. Furthermore, there were three countries
(Canada, France, Brazil) with an average amount of production and consumption and did not
exceed 620 billion kWh and 500 billion kWh respectively. As for Germany, it did not show a
significant amount, but consumption was 36 billion kWh higher than production. Finally, the
lowest figures could be observed in South Korea with electricity generation and usage numbers a
little under 500 billion kWh.
COFFEE AND TEA BUYING
The bar chart illustrates information about the percentage of people’s habits in buying and
drinking coffee or tea in five Australian cities.
Overall, it can be seen that the number of humans who went to a cafe for a coffee or tea is the
highest except for Adelaide in which the indicator of buying instant coffee is greater. Moreover,
the percentage of people who bought fresh coffee is the lowest in all cities.
According to the figures, going to a cafe for coffee or tea in the last 4 weeks is the utmost in four
cities. Furthermore, Melbourne and Horbat had almost the same amount of city residents below
65%. Sydney and Brisbane had indicators over 55%. Regarding buying fresh coffee in the last 4
weeks, all five cities had the smallest percentage of city residents, which was in the range between
34% and 44%. As for Adelaide, it was one of the cities that had half of the habitats that bought
instant coffee, and slightly less than 50% of people went to a cafe. In addition to this, buying
instant coffee in other cities had an average of 46% to 54% of citizens.
LAND DEGRADATION
The pie chart illustrates the causes of worldwide land degradation. The table depicts the
percentage information on the impact of the degradation reasons in three regions of the world
during the 1990s.
A broad assessment of the data reveals that there were three main causes of land degradation:
overgrazing, deforestation, and over-cultivation. Moreover, Europe had the highest rate of total
degraded land (23%), the total land degraded in Oceania was 10% less, while North America had
the lowest (5%).
According to the figures, overgrazing had the greatest indicator in land degradation about 35%.
In the second place was deforestation (30%) and slightly less was over-cultivation (28%). Besides
this, there were other motives of worldwide land degradation nearly 7%.
Regarding the regions, Europe had the lowest percentage of deforestation (9.8%) and over-
cultivation (7.7%). Furthermore, Oceania exceeded Europe in overgrazing and had 11.3%,
whereas the latter had 5.5%. North America had the smallest numbers in deforestation (0.2%),
over-cultivation (3.3%) and overgrazing (1.5%). However, Oceania was one of the regions which
had no over-cultivation.
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION
The first pie chart illustrates the proportion of energy use, while the second pie chart
demonstrates the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions by the respective activities in an
average Australian household.
Overall, it can be clearly seen the energy is mainly spent on heating, but the activity contributing
the largest proportion of greenhouse gas emission is water heating. However the least significant
rate in both charts belongs to cooling.
According to the figures, an average Australian household uses the highest amount of energy
(42%) for heating, but the same category in greenhouse gas emission is 27% less. Nearly one-
third of the energy use and gas emission is attributed to water heating. In other activities such as
refrigeration, lighting and other appliances, the proportions of the total greenhouse gas they emit
are twice as large as the proportion of the total energy spent on them, at 14% and 7%, 8% and 4%,
28% and 15% respectively. As for cooling, it consumes the least amount of energy at 2%, but the
greenhouse gas release is 1% higher.
USING WATER FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES
The pie charts illustrate the information of using water for various causes in six regions of the
world.
A broad assessment of data reveals that the agricultural use of water in four areas is the highest,
though other two regions have the greatest indicator of industrial use of water. In addition to
this, South America has the utmost percentage of using water for domestic purposes.
According to the figures, Africa, Central Asia and SouthEast Asia have the prevailing percentage
of using water for agricultural causes above 80%. Moreover, domestic use of water in these areas
is almost similar to about 7%. Besides this, Africa and Central Asia have the smallest indicator in
using water for industrial purposes approximately 5%. Regarding North America and Europe,
they have almost the comparable percentage in industrial, agricultural and domestic use of water
(50%, 33%, 13% respectively). As for South America, the agricultural use of water is the major
number (71%), but domestic use is the prevalent use among all the areas (19%). Finally, the
industrial use converges with the indicator in Europe about 12%.
The pie charts depict the information about the number of three types of nutrients in ordinary
food.
A broad assessment of data reveals that sodium and saturated fat are the prevalent ingredients in
food for dinner and lunch. Moreover, snacks contain added sugar the most. However, less of
these unhealthy nutrients are consumed for breakfast.
Regarding sodium, the significant part is for dinner about 43% and lower for lunch (29%). It is
consumed in a similar proportion for breakfast and snacks approximately 14%. According to
saturated fat, it has comparable ratios with sodium. Most of them are included in meals for
dinner (37%), in the second place are lunch and snacks with over 21% content. Breakfast
comprises as little amount of them as the added sugar (16%). As for the latter, it has the utmost
percentage in typical meals for snacks (42%). Finally, lunch and dinner have the same proportion
of the above 19%.
The pie chart depicts the initial occupations of Anthropology students after graduation, and the
table compares the salaries following 5 years of work in various sectors.
Overall, the most successful students are found in full-time or part-time work, and the highest
proportion of the top-earning anthropologists worked for the government.
According to the pie chart, a little over half of the graduates were in full-time employment,
followed at quite a distance, by part-time employment at 15% and unemployment at 12%. Those
in postgraduate studies or unknown occupations accounted for 8% respectively. The fewest, at
only 5%, were those doing part-time work and postgraduate study.
Regarding the salaries, 80% of the freelance consultants earn from 75000 to over 100000$ after
5 years’ work. The total earnings in the government sector are in the same salary ranking. Both
government and freelance employees have similar salaries, starting with 5% of each earning
25000-49999$, and 15% making 50000-74999$. The wages in private companies are slightly
different, most of them are paid 50000-74999$ at 35% of the total. The minor salary is also paid
to the lowest amount of workers (10%).

Childcare training courses should be mandatory for all parents. Do you agree or disagree
with this statement? Give your own opinion and include relevant examples.
Some believe that modern technology is increasing the gap between rich and poor people,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Some people think that the government should invest money in arts and cultural events,
while others believe that the government should spend money on more important things.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
 it develops our soul
 our imagination develops
 it increases mood
- there are others areas which are needed development
- it concerns countries third world
In our contemporary world, authorities play a vital part in the county's life and
people’s lives too, making decisions due to the fact to improve the level of life. It
concerns cultural growth, some think that the administration has to allocate much
money to organize more arts events. However, others believe that there are plenty of
more important things which need investing money. In my opinion, parliament
should concentrate on necessary measures and then delve into less important areas.
On the one hand, arts and culture are a part of humanity’s development and
improvement. It gives us new ideas and makes our minds think in a creative way.
Moreover, culture formulates a person's soul organization and gives an opportunity
to feel different emotions, art events can educate and inspire us. Therefore, the state
should allocate funds for this area so that the nation will be intelligent and have
critical thinking.
On the other hand, there are other fields that need investment, especially regarding
countries in the third world. First of all, they demand to establish such areas as
economics, education, transport. Because there is no great point in improving the
level of culture when the salary is barely enough for a living.
In my view, the government must pay attention to all areas of activity but still devote
more energy to problem sectors. In the future, when everything will be in a stable
state, it is necessary to balance investments in the cultural advancement of the
country.
To sum up, it seems that culture and art are less important in the development of the
county, but the prosperity of the homeland depends on the progress of all spheres of
activity and their high level.
Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
The table illustrates the number of registered transports which includes five types of them in
Australia in 2010, 2012, and 2014.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the highest amount of vehicles are for passengers.
However, the greatest alteration during this period were motorcycles, and the smallest was
heavy tracks.
According to the figures, the number of passenger vehicles in 2010 was 11,800,00 and their
number increased every two years. As a result, the total change rose by 10,2%. In the second
place, there was commercial transport of about 2,300,000 units in 2010. Two years later
their quantity climbed to 2,600,000 and in the last year, there were 2,700,00. So, the whole
change was 17,4%. As for motorcycles, their variation was the biggest almost 31%. They
started with the number of 540,000 and peaked at 709,000 units. Regarding heavy trucks,
they had the lowest percentage of change at 8,3%. Finally, light trucks had the minimal
amount of units around 106,000 and each second year they skyrocketed by an average of
10,000, so the total change was 23,3%.
In our contemporary world, there are a lot of languages that we use to communicate with
each other, but not everyone can memorize over three of them. Therefore, some part of our
community believes that it is necessary to have one universal language. In my opinion, it will
be convenient for all population to talk in one tongue, but the demand to learn
languages will disappear. There are some pros and cons to this topic of discussion.
On the one hand, the new language can help humans to talk with somebody from any
territory, especially, it will play a vital part in business and international problems. There
won’t some misunderstanding between country representatives, consuls, diplomats from
different parts of the world. In addition to this, ordinary individuals can discuss some things
with the same people like them, but from another region, finding out more about their
culture and traditions.
On the other hand, every nation has its specialties including language, so if someone wants
to know more about these habitats, they should study their speech. Due to the fact that we
discover extra languages, we develop ourselves inside, knowing much information about
the mentality of folk, their conduct, and manner of communication. As we negotiate,
we are able to approach dealing better with these people.
In my mind, the benefits overweigh the drawback, because nowadays there are a lot of
problems in our world: political, environmental, and economic. I would like to recommend
having one language for these global situations in order to make international solutions.
To sum up, the invention of a new language does not exclude the presence of old. People
will communicate as they are already used to and choose the language they like even if it is
new.
TASK 1
The pie chart and table illustrate the percentage of inhabitants including various nationalities
living in Australia.
Overall, it can be seen that the highest number of people are Australian and the lowest number of
humans are Dutch. Moreover, most nationalities live in the city, while living in the countryside do
not exceed 20%.
According to the figures, Australians are 73%, but four other known nationalities live there:
Dutch, Chinese, New Zealander and British. Dutch and Chinese are the smallest quantities, about
1% and 2% respectively. British and New Zealander are a little bigger, around 7% and 3%
accordingly. However, there are 14% other nationalities on this territory.
Regarding the number of urbanites, the total percentage of each nation is not less than 80%. The
greatest proportion is Chinese (99%) and the smallest is Australian (80%). As for living in the
countryside, the lowest indicator is Chinese (1%), however, Australia has the biggest (20%) and a
little less is Dutch (17%). British and New Zealander have almost a similar percentage of people
near 10%.
TASK 2
Different science researchers illustrate the important information that people in our world who
graduated from universities and have certain knowledge in specific areas are less likely to commit
offences. Therefore, some humans believe that studying prisoners is the best idea to decrease
crime. In my opinion, it does not influence significantly, because we cannot change people inside
due to schooling.
First of all, the reasons for the crimes come from childhood, where the foundations of character
and values are laid. The further life of a person depends on the upbringing, behaviour of parents
and psychological environment. Unfortunately, we have not an opportunity to go back to the past
and change some moments of an individual's life. For this reason, getting an education will not
give a result in this direction.
Secondly, the other cause is a person's mental health, which is almost always the main reason for
the commission of felonies and murders. That’s why psychologists have to make efforts to solve
this global problem.
On the other hand, each person deserves a second chance. Besides this, not all culprits commit
horrible crimes, so the government needs to allow them to improve themselves through training.
There is a possibility that education will change a prisoner’s priorities and a goal for a better life
will appear.
To sum up, I do not believe in a complete change of a person because it is a complex process that
requires a lot of resources. We should understand that teaching a criminal does not mean that we
have found the veritable motive for their misconduct.
TASK 1
The bar chart illustrates the information about Scotland’s exports to the parts of the UK and also
to all the world in 2014.
Overall, it can be seen that the number of exports to the rest of the world was much bigger than
to the UK according to almost all industries. On the other hand, one of the industries “electrical
and instrument engineering” exceeded the indicator of exports to the world.
Regarding the world’s exports, the largest amount was “business services and finance, hotel and
restaurant services” almost 14 billion. In the second place was “chemical and mineral products”
around 9.5 billion. “Wholesale and retail” had a smaller number of exports, 8.2 approximately. A
similar quantity of exports had “manufacturing of food and drink” and “other manufacturing” 5.8
respectively. Besides this, other industries were below 3 billion. As for exports to the UK, the
greatest number was 5 billion in “chemical and mineral products”. The next indicator was 4.4
billion in “manufacturing of food and drink”. However, “electrical and instrument engineering”
exceeded exports to the world 2 times. Finally, other industries had numbers less than 2 billion.
TASK 2
Nowadays, the climate is changing dramatically, so the government accepts new rules and laws
according to this problem. Therefore, some people believe that it has a terrible effect on business.
However, others are sure that problems and crises generate new ideas and ways to develop. In my
opinion, the world and nature cannot stay in one place, it always modifies, so humans have to
adapt.
On the one hand, it is an awful situation for entrepreneurs who build factories and create
different industries and then in one moment everything can collapse. Moreover, there are a lot of
causes that may disrupt the work of an enterprise. Climate is one of these reasons, furthermore, it
is a kind of protecting nature from human influence. Of course, this is a loss for business if the
reforms concern it, accordingly the authorities should take measures to make it not so
deplorable.
On the other hand, fortunately, citizens thought of introducing restrictions. Based on this, some
individuals are not disappointed with the negative effects, they always create new ideas and find
possibilities to improve and develop their business. Our world is huge, the climate is different in
various parts, consequently, it is a great platform for bringing ideas to life.
I regard that people should adapt to all accidents, having an experience from past occasions they
will not be influenced by climate so much. In addition to this, everything in the world happens
unexpectedly, thus we must look for new opportunities for our convenient life.
To sum up, we need optimism in our lives and we can always find a solution to problems in
business and no reforms should interfere with this.
TASK 1
The pictures illustrate the current conditions of the cinema and the past layout in 1980.
Overall, the cinema considerably changed with adding new areas for watching films and
entertainment places.
Looking at the initial map, we can see that there was a car park in the north part of the cinema’s
territory. Next, there was a ticket office on the right of the entrance and next to it there was a cafe
for drinks. On the other side of the entrance, there was cinema 1. Also, there was cinema 2 a little
above the cafe and opposite it was a toilet.
On the other hand, numerous facilities were built later. First of all, there is a DVD Shop instead of
a cafe for drinks. On the left of the entrance, cinema 2 is rebuilt into a relaxing room and a place
for food and drinks. Moreover, the number of cinemas increased, cinema 3, cinema 4 and cinema
5 are constructed on the right side of the area. Cinema 1 and cinema 2 are opposite those
cinemas. Finally, there is no car park, however, the toilet and ticket office have not changed their
position.
TASK 2
Nowadays it is not unsurprisingly that our world is very big, people can develop in their way and
feel free. Some people believe that everyone is related to another person and we do not have
complete individual’s freedom. Others think our modern civilization allows us to be more
independent. In my opinion, we become freer in our actions and make our lives much more
convenient.
On the one hand, human’s lives depend on others, for instance, doctors, teachers and
entrepreneurs. There are a lot of diseases, viruses that surround us, so only scientists and doctors
can help us; our lives are in their hands. Furthermore, tutors are responsible for children’s
knowledge and education, in many cases, we rely on the coaches and hope that we grow more
intelligent gratefully at them. Besides this, workers depend on their employers to pay them wages
and the income is in their power.
On the other hand, our world always develops, therefore inhabitants have plenty of ideas and
chances to separate from society and go their independent path. For instance, online business has
developed very quickly and every person can earn their money almost without education or
finding a job in the newspapers. It is easier to run a new business and make money out of
nothing.
I strongly believe that our community receives more freedom in their actions and the connection
between each other weakens, especially in some areas of life. We do not have to go to work and
wait for a salary from the enterprise, we can switch to passive income and save ourselves from
many problems.
To sum up, our civilization does not stand still but always develops for the better, where a person
can get everything he wants, including independence from others.
TASK 2
In our modern world art plays a vital part in a community's lives, because it expresses the essence
of the folk and their history. Moreover, thanks to art, we can understand the traditions of any
nation and immerse ourselves in their atmosphere. In my opinion, it is necessary to learn this
subject especially children should study it at school and replenish their knowledge. However, we
have not praised this subject in comparison with others, because we need every science.
Nowadays people do not spend a lot of time on art because they have busy daily routines and as a
result interest in this is not too much in demand. But we should not forget about the necessity to
give useful information to our offspring about the history of art development. Sometimes we
neglect this subject and do not pay much attention to develop certain skills in the child.
Furthermore, it is a great field of activity that can bring human success and income.
Regarding teaching this area of knowledge, it is essential to have this lesson in the school
timetable to develop a student's imagination and love of beauty. Besides this, an individual has
an opportunity to achieve a goal of becoming a famous artist and become a professional in their
industry. On the other hand, there are various subjects at school and we should not give
preference to the study of only one, a person must be comprehensively developed.
Taking everything into account, art is a part of our soul, nation and we require it inside ourselves
to feel different emotions, keep in mind and pass this ability to the next generation.
TASK 1
The table illustrates the information about exports and their transformations in Hong Kong from
2009 to 2010.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the greatest changes were in the metals industry, while the
opposite situation was concerning the manufacturing, the indicator decreased below 0%.
According to the metals industry, the number of exports in 2009 was 2.3 billion, however, in
2010 it was 5.1 billion. Therefore, the whole percentage of changes was 122%. In the second place
was telecommunications, so in 2009 the number of exports was 7.9billions and in 2010 was 12.7
billion respectively. The proportion of changes was 2 times less than the latest. The next
industries were equipment and overall, their percentage of modification was almost similar above
13%. Regarding clothing, in 2009 the indicator of exports was 6 billion and in 2010 5 billion.
Furthermore, it showed that the general changes decline to (-17%). Finally, the hugest negative
changes were in the manufacturing industry about (-27%). The number of exports hesitated from
5.5 billion to 4 billion in 2009 and 2010 accordingly.
TASK 2
In our contemporary world museums - places which in general contain historical things and
memories about the past. Moreover, there are plenty of free museums all over the world, but
sometimes people should pay for the visit. There are some pros and cons to this topic of
discussion.
On the one hand, most museums have to be free, because they play a vital part in countries'
cultural lives and humans must know their history. There are various kinds of museums, for
instance, some have historical content, others have space exhibitions or biological context. These
places are included in the programme of children’s education, thus students can broaden their
horizons of knowledge. However, not everyone can afford entry to all cultural facilities, so the
government should think about this.
On the other hand, there are private museums and they keep exclusive collections of
memorabilia. What is more, the individuals did a huge amount of work to build this construction
and put a lot of effort into its maintenance. Besides this, the authorities do not support these
organisations, so the best way to receive a little quantity of money is to charge a visit.
Concerning this information, the benefits overweigh the drawbacks because there is a balance
between free and paid museums. Almost in all cities, inhabitants have an opportunity to visit
ordinary museums to take general information about their ancestors, traditions, past clothes and
everyday lives. In addition to this, it is normal that if we want to know more about something or
delve into a certain period of history in detail, we have to pay for this.
To sum up, not all states can allocate funds to ensure the cultural life of citizens, so some
museums are paid and we should not take it critically.
TASK 1
The table illustrates the information about cinema visiting which compares four types of movies
watched in four countries.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the greatest number of visitors is in India, while the smallest is
in Japan. Regarding the kinds of films, the most popular is action and the least is horror.
According to the figures, action films have the biggest quantity of viewers in India, Ireland, New
Zealand and Japan from 7.1 million to 8 million. Similar indicators have romance and comedy
films around 20 million. Moreover, horror movies are not so widespread as others and the
number of visitors does not exceed 15.8 million. However, 6.4 million people in Ireland watch
them the most compared to India, New Zealand and Japan. As for total visitors, the largest sum
is in India (24.5 million). The second place is occupied by Ireland (23.3 million), and New
Zealand has less number around 20.3 million. Finally, the lowest indicator is in Japan with 17.8
million viewers.
TASK 2
Nowadays it is not surprising that people from rural areas try to modify their lives in a better way
by moving to the cities to find an enjoyable job, nevertheless, it creates global problems for both
living areas. Based on this, it is vital to discover the roots of this issue and come up with
overcoming measures to this topic of discussion.
To start with, people are motivated by different reasons, and they think it is a great idea for
humans to change their hometown and improve their lives earning much more money and
achieving success. It is a known fact that there are a lot of opportunities in big cities, where a
person can receive a proper education, have a wide range of acquaintances and get an excellent
job and go up the career ladder. However, the increasing number of inhabitants may cause
harmful pollution, because the quantity of vehicles is peaking and exhaust fumes that are emitted
affect the environment and human health.
Regarding the rural areas, if people move to the cities, it will be a problem in the agrarian
occupation, because almost all farms are located in the countryside and they are responsible for
the level of agricultural development. In addition to this, they provide towns with fresh food, so if
this industry withers it will affect the general welfare of the country.
There are a couple of suggestions which can help to avoid serious problems. First of all,
authorities should think about the development of villages, building new schools, farms and
offering necessary equipment. Second, the government has to invest more money in these fields
for agriculture to flourish and only professionals work there who love their job and are ready to
learn new skills.
Taking everything into account, the rate of urbanization is growing rapidly. This should be
controlled by politicians by improving the quality of life in both places.
TASK!
The graph illustrates the information about tourism on Caribbean island from 2010 to 2017.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the total number of visitors was the greatest, while the number
of tourists staying on cruise ships was growing compared with visitors staying on the island
which had the opposite trend.
According to the figures, the total number of travellers was 1 million in 2010 and the indicator
was increasing until 2015 to 2.75 million. The situation did not change for a year, but then the
number of humans peaked at 3.5 million in 2017. Regarding the tourists who stayed on the
island, their number was 0.75 million in 2010 and had a stable position for a year. After this, the
sum climbed to 1.5 million in 2013 and had the same tendency until 2015. The number of visitors
fluctuated and, finally, returned to its previous position in 2017. As for people staying on cruise
ships, they started at 0.25 million in 2010, grown to 0.5 in 2011 and oscillated until 2013.
However, the number of visitors was rising rapidly to 2 million, crossing the line of tourists
staying on the island at point 1.4 million.
TASK 2
In our modern world travelling is one of the most popular activities among people who enjoy
finding out about new places and things. Unfortunately, not all counties think that humans from
other territories can visit them because they are sure that it is a terrible idea which damages their
state. There are some reasons why they think so, but generally, tourism has plenty of benefits,
which may change opponent’s minds.
To start with, not enough evolving counties see only negative effects, when people from abroad
visit their places. First of all, sometimes it concerns the religion and mentality of citizens and they
do not get used to watching strangers walking along the streets, particularly different
nationalities or cultures. As a result, there is disgust and disregard for foreigners, because they
believe that is wrong to interfere in their lives. Another cause is pollution since the number of
vehicles increases and there are a lot of exhaust fumes emitting into the air. In addition to this,
the quantity of garbage grows too, especially when there are not enough dumps in undeveloped
countries.
According to the solutions, people should realise that tourism is one of the industries which can
peak their economy to a significant level. Moreover, the government should give that a shot to
modernize the country, invest money in this field and attract people from other areas to learn
about their motherland. Travelling is the best way to know more about our earth and its
unblemished views. Authorities have to make people understand that everyone has this
opportunity and even though all things have drawbacks we need to look for and create more
advantages.
To sum up, the world is the only one, so no human prejudices should deprive us of the ability to
travel and explore the world, furthermore, the country can live and develop from the profit of
tourists.
TASK 1
The chart compares the information about the different kinds of recycled rubbish in one country
in 1960 and 2011.
Overall, it can be clearly seen that the greatest percentage of waste disposal was paper and
textiles in the earliest year, while 50 years later the data changed. The biggest quantity of
recycling waste was food and plastic.
According to the figures in 1960, the quarter of the whole refuse disposal in 1960 was paper and
in the second place was textile (17%). Food and others had the same percentage, about 12%.
Moreover, plastic, metal and green waste also had a similar amount of waste management
around 8%. Wood and glass had the smallest indicator of recycling garbage below 5%. Regarding
the situation in 2011, the quantity of green waste, metal and glass have not changed for 50 years.
However, food had the largest amount of dumping waste among others (21%). Waste treatment
of plastic increased more than 2 times (18%), but the percentage of paper declined less than 2
times (15%). As for wood, it also climbed to 8%, but others dropped 3 times.
TASK 2
In our modern world, globalisation plays a vital part in every country's life. According to the
development of technologies, almost all territories try to modify their economic, political and
financial level. Some people believe that it has benefits for everyone regarding the opportunities
which they receive as the result of the expansion of international companies. I support this
statement because there are advantages in this way of trend.
To start with, poor countries can open their door to international investments to improve their
level of different industries. It is a known fact that huge enterprises have incredible power and
impact in the world, so it is a great idea when they invest money in some fields. Moreover,
humans get permanent high paying jobs and the number of beggars is declining. In addition to
this, folk share significant skills and attainments with others to apply them for the good of the
country. Eventually, it is not only a proper way to realize the country but also people too. They
use quality products and services provided by highly developed multinational companies.
On the other hand, there are small flaws in everything and it is not an exception. The great
influence is taken by vast corporations and it is difficult to elaborate local business in such
conditions. It is impossible not to mention that all international companies do not give much
relevance to the environmental effects that they are causing in the host countries.
To sum up, it is agreed that the development of cross-national businesses and its accompanying
globalization could provide people more job chances and varieties of product and service options.
But the government should keep an eye on everything when they open their economy to the
world market.
TASK 2

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