ENGLISH Quarter 4 - Module 1 Using Appropriate Transitions and Signals in Various Patterns of Idea Development Rhea B. GulinEnglish Quarter 4 - Module 1 Using Appropriate Transitions and Signals in Various Patterns of Idea Developmentaly a What | Need to Know agraph is composed of a topic sentence and its supporting ‘ Mal hat the topic in a paragraph is developed effectively. There are ota ee of developing the topic in your paragraph. No matter what pattern of developrient ‘ec used in the paragraph, effective use of transition is used to ensure lev coherence. In this module, you will (1) identify patterns of idea development through grammatical signals end connectors; (2) know how a writer chooses to arrange the Supporting information in a paragraph; and (3) leam how different principles of coherence are used so that ideas flow smoothly, After reading and answering the activities in this module, you are expected to: © Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea development: = general to particular - cause-effect - claim and counterclaim - comparison and contrast - problem-solution What | Know |. Match each definition in Column A to the word/s in Column B. Write your answer on another sheet of paper. Column A Column B 1. In this pattern, the general idea is a. comparison and contrast introduced first before the specific points and illustrations. 2. The first sentence is an assertion b. spatial which is followed by a sentence that Contradicts the assertion. This Contradiction is developed throughout _c. general to particular the paragraph. 3. These serve as Signposts that guide the readers through the flow of ideas —_d. claim and counterclaim in the text This pattern shows one event that is the reason another event happens. e. cause-effect5. In this pattern of development, two subjects are being compared and contrasted. {. traditional devices 6. It develops an idea by asking a question at the beginning of the paragraph; then eventually elaborates _g. question-answer the answer throughout the paragraph. 7. This means that sentences or paragraphs are connected, andthe —_h. coherence reader can clearly follow the thought of the writer, Nl. Complete the following. Do this on another sheet of paper. 8. | was not able to review my lessons, so 9. Ifyou find it hard to locate our residence, 10. You are most likely to get sick when 11. Some families move to other places because 12. It is often thought . Still, 13. It may be true that However, 14. Some would argue Nevertheless, 15. It is possible that However, What's In You should already be familiar with the topic sentence in a paragraph. Topic sentence is the controlling idea in a paragraph. It is essential when developing your written work, to make sure that the supporting details are all relevant. Identify the topic sentence in each paragraph below. Write the letter of the correct answer on anather sheet of paper. 4. Life zones are a good deal like building zones in a city. Building zones are arranged according to rules which say there shall be stores in one place, factories in another, and houses in a third part of town. Life zones also have rules although they are not printed rules. They depend on sunshine, snow, cold weather, winds, and other things that decide where plants and animals may live. ‘An excerpt from Mountains by Fenton and Fenton a. Building zones are arranged according to rules. b. Life zones are a good deal like building zones in a city. c. Life zones also have rules although they are not printed rules. 2. Nonsmokers beware! According to research from recognized institutions worldwide, nonsmokers who are exposed to tobacco smoke have greater risk of developing smoking-related ailments like lung and throat cancer,i even cervical cancer in women. According to ee heart sisease, ment Department, more people in the next Ma ea result of environmental tobacco smoke than i. sldbirth complications combined. However, l believe hazardous smoke on us, the nonsmokers. - Language in Literature 7, c2016 AIDS, tuberculosis. an they have no right to impose a. They have no right to impose hazardous smoke on us. jokers have their rights, too. ; 2 Anemokars ‘who are exposed to tobacco smoke have greater risk of developing smoking-related ailments, My oldest brother, Rafael, is a chemist at a medical laboratory in Pasig My second oldest brother, Ralph, is a reporter for a sports channel. My youngest brother is a teacher. | am the only one who is still in school because my brothers are all employed. a. My second brother is a reporter for a sports channel. b. My youngest brother is a teacher. c. 1am the only one who is still at school. K What's New Transitional devices guide the readers through the flow of ideas in the text. They also relate and connect the sentences to each other. Read the student essay below. Identify the transitions used in the essay, then comment on how the writer developed her ideas. You may check the guide questions below before writing your comments on the second column, Choose only the questions that are suitable for the essay. Then, copy the table on a separate sheet of paper. How are the ideas introduced in the essay? Are there general ideas and sufficient details? Where are they located? How are the events connected? Are there causes and effects? Does the writer contradict one’s claim or assertion? How? Does the writer examine the similarities and differences of two subjects? How? Is there 2 question in the essay that is being elaborated by answering it?Social Media—Use Responsibly by Hazel Si The emergence of technology and the digital era has undeniably brought about accessibility and convenience in our lives. The introduction of social networking sites, in particular, has revolutionized the way we communicate and provided us with an avenue to interact and socialize without having to meet face-to-face with people. Whether a working employee, stay-at-home parent, or student like myself, we all have surely benefited from social media. Behind all these benefits and advantages, however, lies a myriad of consequences that we often neglect to see. In reality, social networking sites are consuming our lives and daily activities at a rate faster than we can reap their benefits, though some of the adversities may be mitigated through moderation and responsibility. One might argue that social media has vastly helped people build and maintain their relationships with others. It allows them to continuously socialize with and even meet new people with the same interests, and, not to mention, also keeps them entertained and well-informed with current happenings. It is worth noting, however, that this global link has made false news more and more widespread, and has caused us to neglect face-to-face interaction or our lives away from social media. An article from The Huffington Post noted that social media sometimes even disillusions us and creates a “false self-esteem” that relies on likes, shares, or comments. Moreover, excessive use of social media distracts us from more important things and activities. Although not immediately visible, social media plays a role in determining a person's mental well-being. Often, we see different people posting about their luxurious and glamorous lives, and whether they are true or not, we have a natural tendency to compare our lives with theirs. This may cause us to think that our lives are less successful than theirs and trigger feelings of jealousy, sadness, ‘or even depression. BBC also pointed out that some studies have found that being exposed to artificial light all day and night may inhibit the production of the sleep hormone, leading to restless nights and insomnia. However, if we were to become more aware and control the hours we spend on social media or the way we perceive what we see on social media, we may be able to dodge such feelings Another issue with social networking sites is the fact that it is so liberal that it makes it prone to different risks and crimes. Because we can post anything under any identity we choose, we tend to do things that we normally do not do in person. This has resulted in many cases of cyberbullying, so much so that organizations have started to address the issue. One such organization is the Megan Meier Foundation, which noted that approximately two million or so students from Grades 9 to 12 experience cyberbullying, significantly lowering their self-esteem and causing depression. Another risk associated with social media involves our privacy and personal information. With such a largeto the world, thus increasing the .s users of social media, have community, anything we post becomes known st online in order to prevent ie ult, we, a ren of identity theft or trolls. As a result, cre more sensitive and cautous of what we po: harming ourselves or other people. me a huge distraction to our real lives. There is i with it, but most of the time, we get so ‘wrong with entertaining oneself F ‘ pie be ong Wieing social sites that we spend more time online than we do if p forgetting our surroundings and failing to fine. When this happens, we end up forgé So imore productive or significant things. This becomes dangerous when we start neglecting things like our health, lifestyle, relationships, and many other factors ree cmdtute our daily ives. As a student, | have personally experienced getting et Jstracted to do assignments and projects, and wanting to procrastinate from things that matter more than social media. Finally, social media may becot ‘All in all, social media is packed with hidden but possibly threatening consequences. It plays a role in our overall health, well-being, and safety, all of Which affect the way we live. Like everything else, however, the key to effective Use of social media lies in moderation. If we are aware of the negative side of social media and learn to limit our usage or be responsible for our actions, we will be able to avoid the dangers. ‘Source: Si, Hazel. “Social Media—Use Responsibly.” In a Nutzel. February 4, 2018. Accessed ‘October 25, 2012. https://inanutzel.wordpress.com/2018/02/04/social-media-friend-or-foe/. {? What is It How can you use appropriate transitions and signals in various patterns of idea development? A well-developed paragraph contains sufficient details, exar i . 0 ains . examples, points, and Cone that support the main idea. This information should be arranged according ea ha em just like the selection in What's New. The paragraphs that you have read gically connected to each other, showing the general to particular pattern. General to Particular One organizational pat i deducti pattern that is commonly used in paragraphs is the ive method, where the general idea is introduced first before the specific Points and illustrations. Para graphs using thi followed by its supporting semen g this pattem open with a topic sentence‘Study the foll 19 Paragraph: Friends thet meet at meals meet at peace. A good birds’ nest soup or a delicious chow mein has the tendency to assuage the heat st our arguments and tone down the harshness of our conflicting points of view. Put two of the best friends together when they are hungry, and they will invariably end up in a quarrel. The effect of a good meal lasts not only a few hours, but for weeks and months. We rather hesitate to review unfavorably a book written by somebody who gave us a good dinner three or four months ago. It is for this reason that, with the Chinese deep insight into human nature, all quarrels and disputes are settled at dinner tables instead of at the court of justice. The pattern of Chinese life is such that we not only settle disputes at dinner, after they have arisen, but also forestall the arising of disputes by the samme means . Source: Lin Yutang, “On Having a Stomach." An Excerpt from The Importance of Living. Accessed October 26, 2012: https://archive.org/stream/ThelmportanceOfLiving Lin Yutang/ThelmportanceOfLiving-LinYutang_djvu.txt ‘The paragraph above opened with the main idea that food lessens quarrels and disputes. The rest of the paragraph provides specific instances where this could be true. One characteristic of an effective paragraph is coherence. This means that the paragraph flows, and the reader can clearly follow the thought of the writer. A way to achieve coherence is to use transitional devices. Transitional devices serve as signposts that guide the readers through the flow of ideas in the text. They also relate and connect the sentences to each other. In the sample paragraph above, what transitions were used by the writer? Transitions vary depending on how the writer intends to develop his or her ideas. Here are the common transitions used in a deductive paragraph: Sequence first... second. . . third, last, also, and then, finally, next, still, too illustrations and examples after all, for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, ‘such as, to illustrate Spatial above, below, beyond, closer to, far, farther, on, here, near, nearby, opposite to, there, to the left, to the right ‘Summary and conclusion as a result, as | have said, as mentioned earlier, in other words, in short, therefore, to summarizeCause-Effect Relationship ffect. This means a literary work are often connected by cause and ef Events in 2 ljason another event happens. Notice the cause-and-effect it th ” csi anibien paragraph from the story, “May Day Eve. relationships in the following And i everything went all right after saying the magic words: “Mirror. mirror, Show to me him whose woman | will be," the face of the man one would marry would appear above the left shoulder, But if something went wrong, one would see the Devil. In the above paragraph, whether everything turns out to be good or bad something has to happen first. This is the cause. The effect would be the appearance of the ideal man or the devil, respectively. The cue word here is if Other cue words and phrases that point out causes and their effects are the following because in order and if due to therefore since then evidently that so that as a result thus Sometimes, the effect does not follow the cause right away. It may happen later in the story. Sometimes, too, a story may begin with the effect and work back to the cause. Other times, events are stated out of sequence. In this case, the cue words will help you sort them out. Claim and Counterclaim ‘The pattern of development, claim-counterclaim, is an interesting variation of the traditional paragraph structure. The first sentence is an assertion which is followed by a sentence that contradicts the assertion. This contradiction is developed throughout the paragraph. Some transitions used in this pattern of development are: however, but, although. Look at the example below. We alll love watching fireworks, from the flashy shows on the Fourth of July to the Roman candle burning in the backyard. But let's stop and think about the price we pay for just a few minutes of excitement. First, the amount of money we spend on fireworks is absurd. The excitement is gone, literally, in a flash. Let's face it, what we really are doing is burning money . . . Second, there is the matter of pollution. Fireworks contain chemicals that are harmful to people and animals. Over the years, these chemicals will poison the air we breathe and the water we drink. Third let's consider the trash left behind after a fireworks display. What a mess!One would expect that those who set off the fir decency 10 pick up tho trash afterwards. Bul they dow” nein? fireworks are dangerous. Some fireworks can damage your hearing, especially the fireworks used in public displays that give off a big BANG. Losing your hearing is too high a price to pay from "Fireworks" by Michael Priestly Comparison and Contrast In this pattem of development, two subjects are being compared and contrasted. Comparison is used when the similarities of the two subjects are examined, while contrast is used when the differences of the two subjects are being highlighted. Some transitions used in this pattem of development are: and, although, besides, both, in addition, on the contrary, like, similarly, while. Reading and writing are like ham and eggs. They go together, almost as one dish. There are differences, too, though, and those differences aro important to teachers and students. Reading is a gathering skill; through it, we collect information, ideas, and images in our consciousness. And while writing is sometimes a gathering skill, when it helps us discover what we know or “collect our thoughts,” it is primarily a sharing skill. We use it to share what we know with others. Both are active pastimes (the big word is transactional); they require our engagement. The kind of engagement, though, differs. With reading, we are the receiver in the game, “receiving” text produced by someone else, whereas with writing, we're the quarterback, delivering text to the reader. The better we understand how these two skills are alike and how they are different, the better we can become at both. And skill in reading and writing opens the doors to academic success. Question-Answer Question-answer develops an idea by asking 2 question at the beginning of the paragraph; then eventually elaborates the answer throughout the paragraph. There are varied transitions used in this pattern of development. Why, then, the endi ‘opularity of historical fiction? One reason is that it delivers a stereo narrative: from one speaker comes the treble of the novel's own plot while the other plays the bass of history's plot. A second reason is genealogical: if History is the family tree of Now a fistorical novel (such as Alex Haley's Roots) may illuminate the Contemporary world in ways that straight history may not. The novel's ace Gf spades is subjective experience, which is a merit or demerit depending Sh now the card is played and who you are—Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind can either be sublime evocation or a toxic travesty. A third reason' human heart .e genre's popularity is simply that while he needs of the h bbe stay roreh the same. the society must live in vary dramatically between centuries and cultures to watch people live—people whom we might have been had we been born then—under different regimes and i its own sake. rules fs fascinating for hs David Mitchell on Historical Fiction Processing Questions > What are the patterns of development? ; > What transitions can you use in various patterns of idea development? Nie v What’s More Activity A Identify the cause and effect in each sentence. Write your answer on another sheet of paper. 1. She was mad at me because | forgot to bring my own art materials. 2. Since it is raining hard, | have to cancel my appointment. 3. The speaker was insulted, so he left the room right away. 4. When the river is extremely polluted, it dies. 5. Anna always accomplishes her work before the deadline, therefore, she is now promoted. Activity B Read the paragraphs below. Identify the pattern of idea development used in each Paragraph, as well as the transitional devices. - Ellen closed the front door behind her. She had just left one world— home—and was about to enter another—school. It was not always easy for her to balance these two worlds. For example, in her home world, Ellen spoke Chinese. And in her school world, she spoke English. Sometimes she'd forget and speak Chinese at school. Then, her friends would tease her good naturedly about it. from “Spelling Bee Blues" by L. C. Chinn2. Who is Jeff Bezos? Jeff is the founder and chief executive officer of the largest e-commerce marketplace, Amazon.com Inc., which started as an online bookstore and later expanded to a wide variety of products. 3, Most readers initially view Circe in a negative light for she used her witchcraft against Odyssous’ men. But one must take into consideration the fact that Circe is only defending herself, given that she lives alone on an island. And despite the power she holds, Circe is helpful, wise, and compassionate. {oR What I Have Learned Make a concept map about what you have learned from this module. Look at the sample concept map. Fill in the ovals with key words or ideas you have encountered ond the relationships among them. You may extend the ovals if necessary. Do it on Srother sheet of paper, then submit your work to your teacher.III =! Additional Activities A. Read the passage below. Describe how the writer dev essay. Do this on another sheet of paper. eloped his ideas in the On Having a Stomach (An Excerpt) by Lin Yutang i is thal One of the most important consequences of our bane aE hat we have got this bottomless pit called the stomach. This fac entire civilization | see that the organs of the human body, the ear, the eye, the nose, the tongue, the hands, the feet, and the body, all have a necessary function, but the two organs which are totally unnecessary but with which we are nevertheless endowed are the mouth and the stomach, which cause all the worry and trouble of mankind throughout the ages. With this mouth and this stomach, the matter of getting a living becomes complicated, and when the matter of getting a living becomes complicated, we have cunning and falsehood and dishonesty in human affairs .. . There is certainly nothing to be done about it, now that we have got this bottomless pit to fill, and the fact of our having possessed a stomach has, to say the least, colored the course of human history .. . As for war, Napoleon showed the essential depth of his wisdom by saying that “an army fights on its stomach.” And what is the use of saying, “Peace, Peace” when there is no peace below the diaphragm? This applies to nations as well as individuals. Empires have collapsed and the most powerful regimes and reigns of terror have broken down when the people were hungry. Men refuse to work, soldiers refuse to fight, prima donnas refuse to sing, Senators refuse to debate, and even presidents refuse to rule the country when they are hungry. And what does a husband work and sweat in the office Notice their new dresses, new shoes, new chairs. But have wives e i ver Cor tena Steak ora good omelette? Paned that husbands don't notice a goodHow a Chinese spirit glows over a good feast! that life is beautiful when his stomach and his intestines are well-flledi ee this wellfiled stomach suffuses and radiates a happiness that ie orinteat or, Chinese relies upon instinct and his instinct tells him that when the stomach ie right, everything is right. That is why | claim for the Chinese a life closer to instinct and a philosophy that makes a more open acknowledgment of it possible. The Chinese idea of happiness is, as | have noted elsewhere, being “warm well-filled, dark, and sweet'—referring to the condition of going to bed after a good supper. It is for this reason that a Chinese poet says, “A well-filled stomach is indeed a great thing; all else is luxury.” low apt is he to cry out One ought to imitate the French and sigh an “Ah!” when the waiter brings a good veal cutlet, and makes a sheer animal grunt like “Ummm!” after tasting the first mouthful. What shame is there in enjoying one’s food, what shame in having a normal, healthy appetite? No, the Chinese are different. They have bad table manners, but great enjoyment of a feast. Food, then, is one of the very few solid joys of human life... Itisa happy condition of affairs that philosophers, poets, merchants, and artists can join together at a dinner . Source: Lin Yutang. "On Having a Stomach.” An Excerpt from The Importance of Living. https:/archive.org/stream/ThelmportanceOfLivingLin Yutang/TheImportanceOtLiving-LinYut ‘ang_djvu.txt, Accessed October 26, 2012 Take a look at the images below. Write a paragraph for each image showing any of the patterns of idea development. Do this on another sheet of paper. (source shutterstock.com)