Types of Pavement = Flexible Pavements = Rigid or Concrete Pavements = Composite PavementsFlexible Pavements = The pavements in which, the total pavement structure "bends" or "deflects" under the traffic load, are called "flexible" pavements. = Usually constructed of bituminous and granular materials. = Three types of flexible pavements in use: » Conventional Flexible Pavement > Full Depth Asphalt Pavement > Deep Strength Asphalt PavementsConventional Flexible Pavement Conventional flexible pavements are layered systems with strong materials on top, where the intensity of stresses are high, and relatively low quality materials at the bottom where the intensity is low. Adherence to this design principle makes possible the use of local materials and usually results in a most economical design. This is particularly true in regions where high- quality materials are expensive, but local marginal materials are readily available . SubgradeFull Depth Asphalt Pavement > Full-depth asphalt pavements are constructed by placing one or more layers of HMA directly on the subgrade or Asphalt Base Course improved subgrade. > This concept was conceived by the Asphalt Institute in 1960 and is generally ‘Asphalt Treated Subabse Course considered the most cost-effective and dependable type of asphalt pavement for heavy traffic. > This type of construction is quite popular in Compacted Subgrade areas where local materials are not available.Deep Strength Asphalt Pavement > Deep-strength pavements consist of asphalt layers on top of a thin granular base. > It is similar to full depth asphalt pavement, except that a layer of granular material is placed on the subgrade first. > In this, the base and wearing courses are constructed of asphalt mixes. ‘Compacted SubgradeRigid Pavements In these pavements, deflections are very small and hence called as “rigid pavements”. The high flexural strength of the concrete slab is predominant and the subgrade strength does not have as much importance as it has in the case of flexible pavements.Types of Concrete Pavement = Jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) = Jointed reinforced concrete pavement (JRCP) = Continuous reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), and = Pre-stressed concrete pavement (PCP)Types of Concrete Pavement Tanai whe ‘tans: nt wih Dowels meta | L iene) aeae me (ay rPce, py IRCP j J Continuous: No Toints ‘Slat Length 200 to 700 ft (CROP (a) PCPComposite Pavements = A composite pavement is composed of both Asphalt Base and Surfacing HMA and PCC. = The use of PCC as a bottom layer and HMA as a top layer results in an ideal pavement with the most desirable characteristics. The PCC provides a strong base and the HMA provides a smooth and non-reflective surface. However, this type of pavement is very expensive and is rarely used as a new construction.Inverted Pavement/ Flexible Composite Pavement * Inverted pavement is a deep pavement, whose supporting layers are thicker and stiffer than top layers. * These pavements comprise of a well- compacted granular aggregate base, built, ‘Cement Treated Sbbase 81 Bace between the asphalt surfacing layer and a cement-treated base. * The cement-treated base provides a stiff foundation for efficient compaction and constrains the deformation of the stress- sensitive granular aggregate base. Subgrade