•INSTRUMENTATION

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 INSTRUMENTATION
 The instrumentation involved various trials of components and their arrangements.
 The cost and usage of each component were studied meticulously to meet the
requirements.
 The construction of the instrument was divided into two parts, which are:
 Circuital assembly of components
 Fabrication of the frame
 Arduino MEGA 2560 was integrated with the circuit to connect with the sensors and
store the data.

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 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Source:
https://medium.com/@aquibansari12377/ultrasonic-sensor-and-arduino-tutorial-
89c38c81f103 3
 WORKING OF HC-SR04
 A 5-volt rectangular pulse of 10 microseconds in duration is applied to the trigger pin.
 The sensor responds by transmitting a burst of eight pulses at 40 kHz.
 The echo pin goes high and starts forming the beginning of the echo-back signal.
 The echo pin returns to low whenever it detects the reflected wave or after 38 milliseconds. The echo pin
gives the duration of the time travelled by the pulse.

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Figure Source: Ref [18] V A Zhmud et al., 2015
COMPONENTS OF CIRCUIT

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CIRCUIT

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 DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY

STAGE 1
Cardboard frame
with 6 sensors

STAGE 2
Aluminum frame
with 25 sensors

FINAL STAGE
Perspex frame
with 49 sensors