Energy Conservation

Opportunities (ECOs)

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Three Categories:
• Minor ECOs. Simple, easy to implement, and needs less
implementation time. Ex. lapses in housekeeping; stoppage of
leakage points; maintenance, etc.
• Medium ECOs. They are more complex and need extra
investment and reasonable execution time. Ex. replacement of
present domestic appliances through new energy-efficient
equipment, etc.
• Major ECOs. These offer substantial energy saving. It’s a bit
more complex and require major investment and long
implementation periods. Ex. building renovation, etc.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Energy Conservation in
Households

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Lighting System
• The light switch is one of the best energy-saving devices. Turn
off lights when not needed.
• Various types of auto-run devices can help in saving energy
used in lighting, by the use of infrared sensors, weight sensors,
motional sensors, auto timers, dimmers, and solar cells relevant
to switch on/off lighting circuit.
• Task-based lighting systems may be used, which concentrate
light where it is desired. For example, a reading lamp
illuminates only reading material.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Regularly keep tube lights and lamps clean as dust can absorb
50% of the light.
• LED and CFLs convert electricity to visible light up to 5 times
more than ordinary bulbs and also same approximately 70% of
electricity for the same lumen level.
• An incandescent lamp converts 90% of the energy consumed
into heat instead of visible light.
• It is estimated that 15 W CFLs give light equivalent to the 60W
ordinary filament bulbs.
• LED vs. CFL video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYSYn-zbTrg
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Room Air Conditioners
• In summer, use of electric fans usually is the first line of action in
place of air conditioners because of economy and less power
consumption.
• Proper design of shading over window and façade in homes may
reduce up to 40% of air-conditioning load.
• It is estimated that air-conditioner energy consumption is reduced
by 3%-5% per degree temperature when set above 22 0C.
• A well-designed air conditioner cools and dehumidifies a room
within 30 min; therefore, use a timer to switch off air conditioner.

02/05/2022
Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L.
Lanaria
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 • Doors and windows should be air tight.
• Air conditioner filters should be clean regularly. A dusty air filter
obstructs airflow and may cause impairment in the AC unit. A
clean filter helps the AC unit to cool down quickly with less
energy consumption.
• Sometimes old air conditioners need to be repaired frequently
and are expected to be inefficient; therefore, replace with
energy-efficient air conditioners.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Computers
• Switch off home/office equipment (computer, printer, scanner, etc.)
when not in use. A computer that runs 24 hours a day consumes
more energy as compared to an energy-efficient medium capacity
refrigerator.
• If a computer must be left on to run simulation, then turn off the
monitor. The monitor itself consumes more than half the system’s
energy.
• Laptop, computers, monitors, scanner and copiers are to be set in
sleep mode. It cuts energy costs by approximately 40%.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Energy Conservation for the
Industries Sector

02/05/2022
Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L.
Lanaria
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 Thermal Utilities
• Use variable-speed drives on large boiler combustion air fans
for variable flows.
• Insulate hot oil tanks.
• Always clean nozzles, strainers, and burners, etc.
• Use proper temperature of oil for oil heaters.
• To minimize heat loss, close burner air and/or stack dampers
when the burner is not in work.
• Renovate oxygen trim controls (5% reduction in excess air
increases boiler efficiency by 1%).

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Automate/Optimize boiler blowdown and recover heat during
boiler blowdown process. This may warm the back-up boiler.
• Check the sediment and scale in the water side. One-millimeter
thickness of scale deposition on the water side can increase
5%-8% fuel consumption.
• Clean regularly soot, fly ash, and slag on the fire side. Three-
millimeter-thick soot deposition on the heat transfer surface can
increase fuel consumption up to 2.5%.
• Optimize boiler water treatment and deaerator venting.
• Installation of economizers to preheat boiler feed water using
exhaust heat saves significant amount of fuel.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Recycle steam condensates.
• Optimize the most efficient approach for operating multiple
boilers by studying the part-load characteristics and cycling
costs.
• Multiple or modular boiler units should be taken into account
instead of one or two large boilers.
• Launch a boiler-efficiency maintenance program. Initiate with an
energy audit and follow up. Then, later, continue the boiler-
efficiency maintenance program under the energy management
program.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Electrical Utilities
• Schedule the operations to maintain a high load factor.
• Stagger start-up times for equipment with large starting currents
to minimize load peaking.
• Use energy-efficient motors where economical.
• Provide proper ventilation for motors. Motor life is estimated to
be halved for every 10 0C increase in motor operating
temperature over the recommended peak.
• Clean screens, filters, and fan blades periodically.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Minimize fan and blower inlet and outlet obstructions.
• Balance the system to minimize flows and reduce pumping
power requirements.
• Periodically inspect compressor intercoolers for proper
functioning.
• Make sure that heat exchangers are not fouled with oil.
• Instead of blowing with open compressed air lines, use nozzles
or venturi kind instruments.
• For lower-quality requirements, recycled water is suitable.
• Use solar water-heating systems for warm-water requirement.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • For chillers, use the least temperature condenser water
available which it can handle. A 5.5 0C reduction in condensing
temperature means a 20%-25% decrease in compressor power
consumption.
• Raise the evaporator temperature. A 5.5 0C increase in
evaporator temperature reduces compressor power
consumption by 20%-25%.
• Use water-cooled instead of air-cooled chiller condensers.
• Isolate the cooling tower as well as off-line chillers.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Regulate the optimum water temperature, which has been
determine from cooling towers and chiller performance data.
• Prevent solar radiation by covering how water basins to prevent
algae growth; thus reduces fouling.
• The surrounding area of cooling towers must be free from all
obstacles to air intake or exhaust.
• In hot weather, alter the direction of exhaust obtained from air-
conditioned buildings to cooling towers.
• Consider the treatment of side stream water and optimize the
chemical use.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • For buildings, windbreaks should be installed near the external
doors.
• In the interior of the building, cover a few windows and the
skylight areas with insulating wall panels.
• External windows may be replaced by insulated glass block
when light is required but not visibility.
• Install self-closure on the doors. Use automatic doors, air
curtains, strip doors, etc., at high-movement areas between
conditioned and non-conditioned places.
• Apply dock seals at shipping and receiving doors.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Use the most economical types of water to fulfill the necessity.
• Stop water leaks even underground.
• Supply correct tools for washdown, particularly for self-closing
nozzles.
• Mount energy-efficient irrigation systems.
• Use water regulators on showers and fix self-closing types of
faucets in washrooms.
• If water must be heated electrically, consider accumulation in a
large, insulated storage tank to minimize heating at on-peak
electric rates.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • If there is any unmetered utility then meter them. Find the root
cause of deviation.
• Any spare or idling equipment should be shut down.
• Confirm that all the utilities that are unserviceable are switched
off, especially cooling water or compressed air.
• In order to properly coordinate various components (chillers,
multiple air compressors, boilers, cooling tower cells, etc.),
install automatic control.
• Consider upgrading the low-bid inefficient equipment if the
lease is set to extend for several years.
02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Energy-Saving Opportunities in HVAC
• Distinguish major areas for air conditioning using air curtains
and false ceilings in order to optimize the air-conditioning
volumes.
• Use steps like roof cooling, roof painting with light colors,
energy-efficient lighting systems, application of thermostat in
air-conditioning systems, sun film applications, variable volume
air systems, etc. for minimizing air-conditioning loads.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • Process heat loads are to be minimized by transfer rate capacity
as well as refrigeration level, i.e., temperature required by the
following:
- increase in heat transfer area in order to accept high temperature
coolant;
- avoid wastages such as heat gains, loss of chilled water, idle
flows, etc.;
- regular cleaning and de-scaling of heat exchangers;
- air flow should be optimized.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 • As per manufacturer guidelines, maintenance of all A/C plant
components should be done regularly.
• Close valves of idle equipment in order to avoid bypass flows.
• Part of load operation should be minimized by matching loads
and plant capacity on line.
• Implement variable-speed drives for variable process loads.
• Optimize condenser and evaporator parameters regularly for
lowest specific energy consumption and highest capacity.

02/05/2022

Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L. Lanaria

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 Thank You for your attention!

02/05/2022
Prepared by: Engr. Vera Marie L.
Lanaria
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