ISSN 1064-2269, Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics, 2018, Vol. 63, No. 12, pp. 1379–1385.

© Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2018.

ANTENNA AND FEEDER

SYSTEMS

Compact Penta Band Notched Antenna Using Concentric Rings

with Splitter Bricks for Ultra Wide Band Applications1
B. Premalathaa, *, M. V. S. Prasadb, **, and M. B. R. Murthyc, ***
a
CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Medchal Road, Kandlakoya Village, Hyderabad, Telangana, 501401 India
bRVR&JC College of Engineering, Chandramoulipuram, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522019 India
c
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, BasaraNirmal District, Telangana State, 504107 India
*e-mail: bpremalatha@cmrcet.org
**e-mail: mvs_prasad67@yahoo.co.in
***e-mail: mbrmurthy@gmail.com
Received June 30, 2018

Abstract—In this paper novel miniature ultra wide band circular mono pole antenna with penta band rejec-
tion characteristics is proposed. The antenna is fed through a Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed. The antenna
is designed using RT/ DUROID substrate with permittivity 2.2. In the proposed antenna Concentric Rings
with Splitter Bricks (CRSB) are used to achieve band notching characteristics. It will reject the existing
WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) from 3.326–3.612 GHz, C band down link fre-
quency from 3.8–4.2 GHz, WLAN application from 5.393–5.822 GHz, X Band downlink Satellite commu-
nication application from 7.25–7.733 GHz and ITU band operations from 8.0–8.565 GHz. The Simulations
of this antenna are carried out using CST microwave studio suite 2016. Antenna performance parameters like
Return loss, Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), Radiation efficiency and Gain are evaluated. Radiation
pattern of the antenna at different frequencies are observed. This antenna provides good gain and a larger
band width over the frequency range 3.1–11.6 GHz.

Keywords: Penta band notching, UWB, Coplanar Waveguide (CPW), Concentric Rings with Splitter Bricks
(CRSB)
DOI: 10.1134/S1064226918120173

INTRODUCTION 7.25 to 7.75 GHz and ITU band 8.02–8.5 GHz. It is

In the recent years the demand for high data rate
applications are increasing day by day. Ultra wide
band technology has become one of the emerging
technologies because of its high date rate and low
power consumptions. For these applications low pro-
file and small size antennas are required. Federal
Communication Commission approved a frequency
band of 3.1–10.6 GHz for commercial applications in
2002 with effective isotropic radiated power spectral
density of –41.3 dBM/MHz [1–15]. Generally for
short range and high data rate applications UWB tech-
nology is used. There are some existing wireless tech-
nologies which lie within the UWB range. These exist-
ing wireless technologies will interfere with UWB
applications so band notching characteristics are
required.
The existing wireless services are WIMAX operat-
ing in the frequency band (3.3 to 3.7 GHz), C band
downlink frequency from 3.8–4.2 GHz, WLAN oper-
ating in the frequency band 5.15 to 5.58 GHz, X band
satellite communication operating the frequency band
1 The article is published in the original.
important to design an antenna which is capable of fil-
tering these existing wireless services which lie in the
UWB frequency band with compact dimensions.
Avoiding the interference with existing narrow band
services is the main challenge to design a compact
wide band antenna with band notching characteristics.
Printed monopole UWB antennas are commonly
used in UWB portable devices. They are low profile,
light weighted, low cost antennas which gives wide
band width and omnidirectional radiation pattern.
Further UWB patch antenna can be fed with different
feeding techniques like micro strip line feeding and
CPW feeding.
In literature several methods have been proposed to
achieve efficient narrow band rejection like spiral
shaped slot inside the fractal hexagonal antenna [2]
F shaped slot and an inverted diamond shaped slot on
the patch [3], complementary split ring resonators
(CSRR) [4], ℧, L shaped slots on patch and T shaped
slot on strip line [5], quarter wave length stubs in
ground plane [6], EBG structures [7], arc shaped slot
[8], arc shaped slots in patch and U shaped slot in

1379
1380 PREMALATHA et al.

y M2 M3 = M4 M5 M1
z
23 mm
x
Substrate
CC-2
CC-4
CC-3
CC-5 Patch
CC-1 with R = 10.5 mm

30 mm Feed line
Ground plane-1

9.1 mm
8.5 mm

Ground plane-2

9.5 mm 3 mm 9.5 mm

Fig. 1. Geometry of the antenna.

ground plane [9] and C shaped slots and a pair of C on the performance parameters like return losses,
shaped stubs [10] and many others [11, 13–15]. VSWR, radiation pattern and gain are evaluated.
In this paper elimination of the existing WIMAX,
downlink C band, WLAN, X Band downlink Satellite 1. ANTENNA DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
communication application and ITU band operations BY SIMULATIONS
is done using different concentric rings with splitter
bricks having different radii are used. In this design the Using CST micro wave studio 2016, the proposed
antenna is excited using CPW feeding and this feeding antenna is designed with miniature dimensions of 30 ×
provides low dispersion and wide band response. 23 mm2 using RT/Duroid 5880 with thickness
Since the ground plane and the patch on the same 1.57 mm operating in the frequency band of 3.1–
plane fabrication is easy. To achieve band notching 11 GHz with five band notching and is shown in
characteristics concentric rings with splitter bricks are Fig. 1. The dimensions of the design are optimized to
made on patch and the effect of these concentric rings get the required results.
The radius R of the circular patch is calculated
Table 1. Dimensions of circular monopole antenna using the formula
No. Parameters Value, mm
R= F , (1)
1 Width of substrate 30 1+ 2h
( )
 
2 Length of substrate 23 πeF ⎡ln πF + 1.7726⎤
⎢⎣ 2h ⎦⎥
3 Height of substrate (h) 1.57
4 Width of partial ground planes 1&2 8.5 where e is a dielectric constant of substrate, h is a
5 Length of ground plane1 9.5
height of substrate in cm and
6 Length of ground plane2 9.5
F = 8.791  [cm] , (2)
7 Thickness of ground plane, patch and
0.0256 fr e 
feed line(t)
8 Radius of patch 10.5
for the resonant frequency fr in GHz. In our case fr is
equal 5.5 GHz.
9 Length of feedline 9.1
10 Width of feedline 3
Using the design equations mentioned in literature
[12], the dimensions are calculated and represented in
11 Gap between ground plane and feed line 0.5 Table 1.

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS Vol. 63 No. 12 2018

 COMPACT PENTA BAND NOTCHED ANTENNA USING CONCENTRIC RINGS 1381

Table 2. Dimensions of different concentric ring with splitter bricks

Parameter CC-1 CC-2 CC-3 CC-4 CC-5

Inner and outer radius, mm 2.8 and 4.5 8.3 and 8.7 6.2 and 6.5 7.6 and 7.9 4.7 and 5.7

Brick L×W, mm 2.5×2.2 5.6×1.5 5×2.4 5×2.4 2.4×1.2

Bandnotching, GHz 5.3-5.88 7.25–7.71 3.33–3.66 8.04–8.56 3.82–4.22

Application WLAN X-band satellite Wi MAX ITU band C-band satellite com-
communication system munication system

The notch location and its dimensions are found A. Analysis Results of Penta Band Notched Antenna
for all the cases using approximate relation [4]. For by Simulation and Testing
exampleradius of concentric rings is given by
In this subsection the performance of the antenna
(ri ) = c , is first observed using simulation and then testing. To
2πfi eeff get better radiation characteristics CPW feeding is
used. In this design first a circular patch of radius
where с is the speed of light, fi is the notching fre- 10.5 mm is taken. To get band notching characteris-
quency, eeff is the effective dielectric constant which is tics concentric circles with splitter bricks of different
calculated using the formula radii are made. The dimensions of the concentric cir-
cles and splitter bricks are optimized to get desired
 eeff = e + 1. band notching. The simulated and measured results
2 for the returned losses and the gain are represented in
However during simulation it is observed that better Figs. 3 and 4. It is observed from the graph that gain
performance is obtained with concentric rings of dif- value is reducing at band notching frequencies and the
ferent radii (inner and outer). They are approximately antenna is giving maximum gain of 5.8 dB at 7.5 GHz.
found from the empirical relation
c
( ri )n = , (3)
(2n + 1) πfi eeff
where n = 0 for outer radius and n = 1 for inner radius.
The best results are obtained for the radii values repre-
sented in Table 2. The penta notch antenna is fabri-
cated with these dimensions and its performance is
tested and the results are presented and discussed.

A. Concentric Rings with Splitter Bricks (CRSB)

Concentric rings with splitter bricks are used to get
band notching characteristics when the concentric
rings are placed on the radiating patch, at notching
frequencies most of the surface current is concentrated
on the concentric rings while the surface current on
the radiating patch is very less. Most of the energy is
stored in the concentric rings at notched bands.

2. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
The performance of penta band notched UWB
antenna is studied by simulation. Further the antenna
is fabricated and the performance is evaluated using
Anritsu MS2028C VNA master model network ana-
lyzer. All the results are reported below. Fig. 2. Fabricated antenna.

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS Vol. 63 No. 12 2018

1382 PREMALATHA et al.

0 6
4
–10 2

Gain, dB
0
S11, dB

–20 –2
–4
–30 –6
–8
–40 –10
–50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Frequency, GHz
Frequency, GHz
Fig. 3. Return losses versus frequency for the proposed Fig. 4. Measured gain versus frequency for the proposed
antenna. antenna.

(a) (b)
0 5 0
5 330 30 0 330 30
0 –5
–5 –10
–10 300 60 –15 300 60
–15 –20
–20 –25
–25 –30
–35
dB

dB
–30 270 90 270 90
–35
–25 –30
–20 –25
–15 –20
–10 240 120 –15 240 120
–5 –10
0 –5
5 210 150 0 210 150
180 5 180

(c) (d)
5 0 0
5
330 30 330 30
0 0
–5
300 60 –5 300 60
–10
–10
–15
–15
–20
270 90 270 90
dB

dB

–20 –20
–15 –15
–10 –10
240 120 240 120
–5 –5
0 0
210 150 210 150
5 180 5 180

Fig. 5. Measured E-plane (grey curves) and H-plane (black curves) radiation patterns at 3 (a), 5 (b), 7 (c) and 9 (d) GHz.

The antenna radiation patterns are measured in B. Surface Current Distribution

anechoic chamber and the measured radiation pat- Surface current distributions of the proposed
terns at different pass band frequencies are shown in antenna at different frequencies are observed by simu-
Fig. 5 lation and it is shown in Fig. 6. From the figure it is

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS Vol. 63 No. 12 2018

 COMPACT PENTA BAND NOTCHED ANTENNA USING CONCENTRIC RINGS
1 1
Fig. 6. Simulated surface current distribution at frequencies 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 GHz.
observed that at notched band surface current distri-
bution is mainly concentrated on the concentric rings
while it is weak on the radiating patch. On the other
side in pass band the surface current distribution is
concentrated on the radiating patch.
C. Time Domain Analysis
In the previous subsections analysis of UWB
antenna is examined in the frequency domain and it is
observed its frequency response is wide band, but as
per UWB antenna is concern, the good quality fre-
quency domain performance cannot necessarily guar-
antee that the antenna behaves well in time domain.
Hence time domain response is investigated in order
to ensure the usefulness of the proposed antenna. The
domain parameters like group delays and magnitude
of transfer function of the proposed antenna are mea-
sured between two identical antennas placed 30 cm
distance in the face to face orientation. Figure 7 shows
plot of Gaussian pulse source waveform and the
received output voltage waveform.
Group delay of the proposed antenna is calculated
and it is shown in Fig. 8. The variation of the group
delay of the penta band notched is about 1ns across the
whole UWB pass band but at notched bands the group
delay is more. The maximum group delay is about 9 ns
at notched bands.
1.0
Amplitude, V
0.6
0.2
–0.2
–0.6
–1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time, ns
Fig. 7. Input Gaussian pulse waveform (black curve) and
the received output voltage waveform (gray curve).
JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRONICS
1383
1 1 1
From the graphs it is observed that the group delay
is less than 2 ns in the UWB pass band and is more in
the band notching frequencies.
D. Comparison of the Proposed Antenna
with Recently Reported Antennas
In the literature many researchers reported differ-
ent band notching antennas. Some antennas are capa-
ble of notching two frequency bands, some are three
bands and the remaining are capable of notching four
frequency bands but the proposed configuration is
capable to notch five different wireless frequency
bands and also it can give better gain in the pass band
frequencies compared to all other antennas.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this paper compact UWB antenna with penta
band notching characteristics is proposed. The pro-
posed antenna is compared with other recently reported
UWB antennas in the literature. From Table 3 it is
observed that the proposed antenna is small in size
compared to the other reported antennas. In other
designs degraded radiation patterns exists but the pro-
posed antenna is almost giving omnidirectional radia-
tion characteristics over the entire frequency band.
10
Group delay, ns
5
0
–5
–10
6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Frequency, GHz
Fig. 8. Measured group delay versus frequency for the pro-
posed antenna.
Vol. 63 No. 12 2018
1384 PREMALATHA et al.

Table 3. Comparison between proposed antennas with recently reported antennas

Reference Antenna size,mm Notching bands, GHz Remarks
3.7–4,
5.75–6.05, C band downlink frequency, C band uplink fre-
[2] 22 × 32 7.45–8.4, quency, different satellite bands
8.025–8.4
3,
4, Antenna rejects WiMAX, downlink C band,
[3] 43 × 28 5.8 WLAN and down link X band
9
3.3–3.36,
4.5–4.7, Antenna rejects WiMAX, INSAT, Lower and
[4] 30 × 28 5.15–5.35, Upper WLAN
5.7–5.8
2.69–4.5,
5.49–6.39, Antenna rejects WiMAX, WLAN,X band uplink
[5] 20 × 20 and Satellite communication
8.95–9.61
3.5,5.2 , 5.8, WiMAX, WLAN, Downlink X band satellite
[6] 24 × 27 7.25–7.75 and 8.2 communication
3.3–3.8,
5.15–5.825
[7] 42 × 50 and WiMAX, WLAN, X band satellite communication
7.12–7.9
3.3–3.6,
5.15–5.35,
[8] 20 × 35 5.725–5.825, WiMAX, WLAN, X band satellite communication
and
7.9–8.4
3.3–3.7,
5.15–5.35, WiMAX, WLAN and X band satellite communi-
[9] – and cation
7.25–7.7
4.96–5.42,
[10] 38 × 44 5.15–5.35 WiMAX and WLAN
5.71–5.91
3.3–3.6,
3.82–4.22,
Proposed 5.3–5.88, WiMAX, downlink C band, WLAN,X band satel-
30 × 23
configuration 7.25–7.71, lite communication, ITU band
8.04–8.56

Compared to all other antennas the antenna is giving
good gain around 6 dB.The proposed antenna is com-
pact in size compared to all other penta band notched
antenna and it is giving better gain. The antenna is
capable of handling good pulse handling which is
demanded for UWB applications and it is capable to
notch the existing wireless bands.
stable gain antenna is presented. The proposed
antenna can be used for UWB applications.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author is thankful to ICOMM Tele Limited for
giving the permission to use antenna testing laboratory
for results.

CONCLUSIONS
A compact penta band notched antenna is
designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The
notched bands are obtained by etching concentric
rings with splitter bricks on the patch. A low profile,
small size, good omnidirectional radiation pattern,
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