Fundamentals RS-GIS

Fundamentals of Remote Sensing/GIS
Japan Space Systems
Japan Space Systems 0

What is
remote sensing?
Remote sensing (RS) is a technique

obtaining information about a
phenomena or object from a distance,
without direct contact.

Electromagnetic radiation
Wavelength (m)
◼ Remote sensing is
a technique 10-11
Gamma Rays
obtaining information about a phenomena 10-9

X-Rays
or object from a distance, without direct 10-7

Ultraviolet
contact. 10-6
Visible
10-5 Near Infrared
◼ Electromagnetic radiation (EM) is used for 10-4 Shortwave

10-3 Infrared
remote sensing. EM is invisible form of
.001
energy that travel through the universe at .01
various ranges of wavelength. .1 Microwave
1 Radio wave
10 FM Radio
100
◼ Human eyes can recognize the narrow AM Radio
1000
range of EM from 400nm to 750nm
approximately.
Only visible range can be
recognized by human eyes
◼ Digital camera is one of tools of remote 400 nm
sensing to capture the objects.
Visible range: 400-750nm 750 nm

Integration of three types of data
Wavelength (m)
(1) Optical Sensor Gamma Rays
10-11
X-Rays
10-9
Ultraviolet
10-7
Visible
10-6
RapidEye, QuickBird,
LANDSAT, SPOT WorldView-2/3, etc. AVNIR-2, ASTER 10-5 Near Infrared
10-4 Shortwave
10-3 Infrared
(2) Microwave (Synthetic Aperture Radar/SAR)
.001
.01
(2) .1 Microwave
1 Radio wave
10 FM Radio
100
TerraSAR-X RADARSAT PALSAR, PALSR-2 AM Radio
(X-band <3cm) 1000
(C-band <6cm) (L-band <25cm)
(3) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
Mt. Fuji Matsumoto Basin Mt. Aso

Necessary data integration
SRTM (SAR) ASTER (OPS) PRISM (OPS)
Three types of data by different sensors
(1)
(1) Optical data (2) Microwave data
Visible –
Infrared
(2)
Thermal
Infrared
(2) Interferometry
(3) Digital Elevation Method (microwave)
Model (DEM) (1)Stereo Method
(optical sensor)
(3)

Data collection / sharing / accessibility
Integrated Information Systems with GIS
Agriculture Topography
various fields of data
Mine
Water Waste
Geology System
Management
Spatial Analysis
Computer Technology Statistics
WebGIS for Surveying Cartography

various users

Data collection of remote sensing data
How to obtain and use remote sensing data?
(1) Source of energy
(1-1) Sun
(1-2) Earth
(1-3) Microwave
(2) Radiations
(2-1) Reflected radiation
(2-2) Emitted radiation
(2-3) Backscattered radiation
(3) Sensors on satellite/aircraft
(4) Receiving data system
(5) Image Processing
(6) Analyzing & Planning
Major sensors:
1)Optical sensors (OPS), 2)Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), 3)Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Optical Sensor (OPS)
/ Passive Sensor

Optical sensor/ASTER
ASTER band6 band8
band1 band2 band3 band4 band5 band7 band9
Reflectance
Wavelength[μm]
Soil
Vegetation (Green leaves)
Mineral (Kaolinite) Water (Ocean)

9
Spectral pattern of clay and iron minerals
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658365514001290
Spectral characterization of minerals and rocks with ASTER bands
band 1, 2, 3 band 4 band 5, 6,7,8,9 band 10～14

quartzite
chlorite
Quartz-monzonite
epidote
monzonite
hematite
calcite
trachyandesite
jarosite
kaolinite Periotite basalt
goesite muscovite kaolinite
montmorillonite montmorillonite
limonite Limestone(clay/quartz)
allunite limestone
Basic rock
dolomite
Japan Space Systems

wavelength（μm）
10
Clay minerals are detected by spectrum of SWIR data
Clay Mineral Detection

Los Pelambres
Los Pelambres
Spectrum Profile
Vizcachta Vizcachta
s s
Andina Andina
ASTER RGB=Band 7:4:1
Location: Los Palembres, Northern ChileSericite Content Mapping (Phyllic Alteration Zone)

Optical sensor/HISUI Hyper
VISIBLE INFRARED
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0

WAVELENGTH
（μm）
NEAR INFRA RED SHORT WAVE INFRA RED THIRMAL
185 INFRA RED
1
HISUI ➢ Hyperspectral:
1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ASTER
advanced
1 2 3 4
technologies in the
Geoeye-1
1 2 3 4 field of remote
QuickBird sensing.
1 2 34 5 6 7 8
WorldView-2
1 2 3 4
Pleiades
1 2 3 4
➢ Advantages:
IKONOS
1 2 3 4 5
ability to extract
RapidEye surface spectral
1 2 3 4
SPOT5
information in detail,
1 2 3 4
much powerful
SPOT6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 compared with other
Landsat7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
existing data such as
Landsat8 multispectral data.

Optical sensor/HISUI Hyper
HISUI band band band 185
band3
band1 band2 183 184
band4
band5 band6……..band182
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Reflectance
HISUI hyper (185 bands)

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Wavelength [μm]
Soil
Vegetation (Green leaves)
Mineral (Kaolinite) Water (Ocean)

Remote sensing contribution to mining activity
Contribution of Remote Sensing Technique Environmental
Impact (High)
1st stage
2nd stage 3rd stage 4st stage 5th stage
High
contribution Moderate Low Moderate M
Development/
Closing
Exploration/FS
Operation
1)Reconnaissance 2)Regional - Detailed 3)Pre-FS/FS 4)Development/ Operation

Survey -Drilling
-Satellite data analysis -Development -Operation
-Satellite/Airborne data analysis
5) Environmental Monitoring
-Core sampling (Infrastructure, management,
-Existing data -Geological Survey port, road, EIA…) Environment
integration - Pre-FS/ FS monitoring
-Geophysical Survey

Optical Sensor/ASTER (Illegal mining, Peru)
ASTER Multi temporal images for illegal mining in Peru Amazon
2006.07.04 2007.07.30 2007.08.15 2007.09.09
2008.06.30 2011.07.25 2011.08.10
2012.03.30 2013.12.05 2014.10.05 2015.05.26

Optical sensor/ASTER (Illegal mining, Peru)

ASTER (15m resolution) and Sentinel-2 (10m resolution)
ASTER(2011/07/27) ASTER(2013/05/13) Sentinel-2(2017/05/22)

Optical sensor/ASTER (Slash and burn, Zambia)

1
9 Optical Sensor/ASTER (Wetland change, Uganda)
Ministry of Water and Environment office
Photo
60 ha
Photo (9th March 2017)

Optical Sensor/ASTER (Coastal Change, Indonesia)

Specifications of sensors
Following specifications are essential for

selecting data on image analysis
◼ Spatial resolution
◼ Swath width (coverage)
◼ Spectral range
◼ Spectral resolution
Spatial resolution
This is the most important element. It can
be divided into three levels in general;
➢ high resolution ( < 5m)
➢ medium resolution (10-30m)
➢ low resolution (30m <)

Spatial resolution (optical sensor)
Landsat-8 (30m) ASTER (15m) Sentinel-2 (10m)

2017/01/09 2017/01/07 2017/01/05

Spatial resolution (optical sensor)
Photo at site 1
1m 15m 30m
OrbView-3/ 1m ASTER/ 15m Landsat-8/ 30m

(2005/11/05) (2015/08/22) (2016/05/12)

Spatial resolution (SAR sensor)
1m 6.25m 10m
OrbView-3/ 1m PALSAR/ 6.25m Sentinel-1/ 10m

(2005/11/05) (2007-2011/9-scenes) (2016/05/09)

Swath width/ coverage area (optical sensor)
◆ Swath width and spatial resolution are in an offset relationship.
185km
High resolution sensors

(about 10 km)
60km
ASTER ( Date:2012/06/04) Landsat-8 ( Date:2013/09/19)

Synthetic Aperture
Radar (SAR)
/ Active Sensor

Optical sensor (Landsat-8) vs. SAR (ALOS-2)
Comparison of passive sensor (OPS) and active sensor (SAR) images
Optical Sensor Microwave (SAR)
Wavelength: 0.5-1.5μm Wavelength: 24cm
Landsat-8 (15June2016) ALOS-2/HV (Feb2015)
Bosque de Santa Elena

Cloud (San Martin Province, Peru)

Optical sensor (Landsat-8) vs. SAR (ALOS-2)
Comparison of passive sensor (OPS) and active sensor (SAR) images
Optical Sensor Microwave (SAR)
Wavelength: 0.63-1.75μm Wavelength: 24cm
Landsat-8 (05Feb.2015) ALOS-2/HV (03Feb.2015)
Bosque de Santa Elena

(San Martin)
Cloud

Wave length of SAR (Microwave/ X, C, L-bands)
✓ L-band penetrates forest and enables to collect information of wetland,

river, geologic structure and others which are covered by cloud/ vegetation.
✓ X-band and C-band cannot penetrate forest. They are not possible to
collect those information because of the sensitive signals.
X-band (<3cm), C-band(<6cm) L-band(<25cm)

Optical sensor (Landsat-8)vs. SAR (PALSAR)
Landsat-8 (2014/10/13) PALSAR 9 scenes Stacking(2006/06/19-2011/02/15)

ASTER (2014/10/05)

SAR for oil & gas
➢Oil seepage detection and photogeometric
interpretation for oil & gas exploration
10
0 km
: Existing Oil/Ga
: Potential area
➢Anticline – Syncline pattern

in moderately eroded area
SAR for Photo-geometric interpretation
◆ Photogeometric interpretation
Geologic map

SAR (JERS-1/PALSAR)
Geological structure on the SAR images Image interpretation of geology

Example of RS (Deforestation, Indonesia)
PALSAR2007/07/07 PALSAR2009/07/12 PALSAR2010/07/15
ASTER2005/06/17 ASTER2012/06/04
34

Digital Elevation
Model (DEM)

Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
ASTER GDEM
➢ASTER GDEM version3 will be released soon!
ASTER
Stereo/DEM Nadir
mode
Backward
Web Site :
http://www.jspacesystems.or.jp/ersdac/GDEM/E/index.html
What is ASTER GDEM ? (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model)

➢ METI-Japan and NASA/USGS cooperatively prepared it to contribute for GEO’s research.
➢ Generation of seamless DEM globally using all of ASTER data (approx. 1.3 million scene).
➢ Available even for high-latitude zone and steep slopes in mountainous areas
➢ Spatial resolution 30m x30m. Free of charge to use.

NASA conducted Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) in 2000
and 90m mesh DEM are available globally.
antenna
Transmitt
ed signal
Scattered
signal mast
main
antenna
vertical
line of
shuttle shuttle
direction
of
Image of Shuttle Data Acquisition antenna Earth
(Interferometry Technique)
30m
1225 Source: Hannover Univ.

30m
Elevation (m) by 16-bit numbers

3D image can be
created easily

- Integrated DEM data from satellite data
Grid size
SRTM: 30m
ASTER:30m
(Source: Hannover Univ.)

Copper belt in Zambia-DR. Congo
SRTM (90m)
Japan Space Systems 40 40

NW-SE Trend
SRTM/DEM_1arc(30m)
DEM reflects geomorphologic features caused by fault, different rock unite

Landsat-8(RGB:543)20160816
Geomorphologic features are not clear on the optical sensor image,

especially land where is covered by vegetation.
Drainage can be generated from maximum
flow direction intensity (Z) as below.
13 12 11
11 10 9
11 9 8
- - - Z=(Pi-Pj)/√(Pi-Pj)2+D2)
0.024 0.022 0.008 Z: Maximum flow direction
-0.011 0.011 intensity
Pi: DEM value of center pixel
- 0.011 0.016 Pj: DEM value of neighbor pixel
0.008
D: Distance from Pi to Pj

Example: Pampa, Argentina
ハザードマップ

Sampling points of
stream sediment can be
determined with the
result of stream line
analysis using SRTM
DEM.
(Left image)
Blue: 1st order stream
Red : > 1st order stream
(Right image)
Blue: catchment < 10km2
Green: catchment > 10km2

Combination of ASTER, PALSAR, GDEM/SRTM (Zambia)
(published by Geological Survey of Zambia in 2009)

Location map of the project area

Combination of ASTER, PALSAR, GDEM/SRTM (Zambia)
Prepared by Zambia-Japan/JICA Project

Image Processing

Image Processing
(5) Image Processing:
After collecting data at the receiving station (GDS), data must be processed and
converted into an image so that user can analyze or examine.
Convert data (signal)
Data is composed of a bit which is represented by a binary number with two
possible values, 0 or 1 such as 00110101, 01011100… Satellite data is normally
expressed with more than 8 bits. We can recognize the intensity with 8-bit digital
value ranging “0” to “255”, 10-bit and so on.
1 bit 2 bit
8 bit (256 gray scale) Image by 0-255 number

Image Processing
(5) Image Processing (8-bit digital data):

B
4200pixels
A
Size of
ASTER/VNIR
ASTER/band-1 4980 pixels
A B

Image Processing
(5) Image Processing (combination of 8-bit digital data):

Intensity of signal can be expressed with combination of 8-bits data assigned to
red, green, blue. (R) 256 X (G) 256 X (B) 256 = 16,777,216 colors
band3
band1 band2
Band1 (0-255)
RGB= band3,band2,band1
Band2 (0-255)
Band3 (0-255) RGB= band2,band3,band1 RGB= band1,band3,band2

Image Processing
75 70 66 B:75
band1 G:40
68 75 70
R:79
67 72 71
35 36 46
band2
39 40 34
44 35 38
89 80 78
band3
77 79 82 BGR=1,2,3 Vegetation
81 90 85 Soil, road
water

Analyzing & Planning
(6) Analyzing & Planning
After processing data, estimation of objects can be done based on
spectral features of vegetation, soil, rock, water and so on.
Leaf Cell Water Spectral Feature of
pigments structure content Vegetation
1 2 3 4 5-9 Band number of
ASTER
Chlorophy
ll
absorption
Leaf structures, Clough (2013)
Water
absorption

Analyzing & Planning (NDVI)
→ NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)
The magnitude of NDVI is related to the level of photosynthetic activity in the observed
vegetation. NDVI is calculated with the values of reflectance at red and near-infrared.
Healthy vegetation
Red Near-Infrared
Dry vegetation
R: 15 NIR:70 R: 25 NIR:30
NDVI = (NIR-R) / (NIR+R)
(70-15)/(70+15) (30-25)/(30+25)
= 0.65 = 0.09

NDVI shows the mangrove tree planted by VN forest department and NGO
Sprayed areas of
agents by US

Damaged mangrove with iron ore dust near iron mine

shows lower NDVI values than normal mangrove.
Pink:clean (NDVI= high)

Black:dusted (NDVI= low)
(C. Ong et al.,1999)

Analyzing & Planning (Field verification)
Classify
Feedback
Verification with field data
Check!!
Potable spectrometer

Analyzing & Planning (mineral exploration)
Spectral range (optical sensor)
➢Important spectral information
VISIBLE INFRARED
for mineral exploration
0. 1.0 1. 2.0 2.5 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0

Wavelength 5 5
（μm）
NEAR INFRA RED SHORT WAVE INFRA RED THIRMAL
1 185 INFRA RED
HISUI
1 2 3 4 567 8 9 1011 12 13 14
ASTER
1 2 3 4
Geoeye-1
1 2 3 4
QuickBird
1 2 34 5 6 7 8
WorldView-2
1 2 3 4
Pleiades
1 2 3 4
IKONOS
1 2 3 4 5
RapidEye
1 2 3 4
SPOT5
1 2 3 4
SPOT6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Landsat7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
0
Landsat8

Spectral characterization of minerals and rocks with ASTER bands
band 1, 2, 3 band 4 band 5, 6,7,8,9 band 10～14

quartzite
chlorite
Quartz-monzonite
epidote
monzonite
hematite
calcite
trachyandesite
jarosite
kaolinite Peridotite basalt
goesite muscovite kaolinite
montmorillonite montmorillonite
limonite Limestone(clay/quartz)
allunite limestone
Basic rock
dolomite
Japan Space Systems

wavelength（μm）
59

Clay Mineral Detection

Los Pelambres
Los Pelambres
Spectrum Profile
Sericite
Absorption
Vizcachta Vizcachta
s s
Andina Andina
Sericite Content Mapping
ASTER RGB=Band 7:4:1 (Phyllic Alteration Zone)
Location: Los Pelambres, Northern Chile
Clay minerals are identified by spectrum of SWIR, useful for mineral exploration
Future optical sensor for various sectors
3. Biomass Mapping
d) Spectral resolution Result
3. Biomass Mapping
Biomass Estimation
!Relationship between leaf spectra
Large Trees
Map Small Trees
High spectral resolution (10-20 nm) allow to discriminate certain objects with wide Tumih
Tumi Trees
age Mapping of crops 7. Rice yield

range of spectral information (more than 100 bands). Following is the"
Mapping
water contents
potential
Higher water content and water potential Forest
Classification Map
"Water content and water potential both in
NMDI, allowing Result
the modeling using spectra
applications of Hyperspectral data in Environment, Forest, Agriculture and others. !
LASSO regression using
at the same time within the targeted area "The most accurate model for estimating w Biomass Estimation
Hyperspectral Imageregression using refle
Large Trees
Map derived from LASSO Small Trees
Tumih
Tumi Trees
Subang WBI
[t/ha]
Reproductive Indramayu Biomass
Estimation
Model Forest
phase Classification Map
Water potential
!
LASSO regression using
d Organic Carbon (CDOC) Red：Dead trees
[t/ha]
6. Growth Stage Mapping
Green-Yellow：Water of crops
stressed
Mapping trees
AISA B:661nm G:842nm R:2101nm
Biodiversity Mapping Various growth stages at the same time within the targeted area
Forest Degradation
Biomass
Leaf Estimation
Water
Yield=Σ(a
Subang k*Rk)+b Model CP=20.93
(one tree mapping) Mapping Reproductive Indramayu
Potential Mapping
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) phase Biomass Mapping
Vegetative phase
R:ch35, G:ch18, B:ch5

Ripening phase
(early)
Ripening phase Ripening phase

(late) (early)
Vegetative early
ctral Vegetative mid 750g/m 2 8％
Vegetative early
Vegetative late By using hyperspectral Vegetative mid
e Reproductive early data, only one-time

Vegetative late
Reproductive early
Reproductive mid acquisition is enough to Reproductive mid

Reproductive late Low Degree of Risk High
gh to Reproductive late
classify rice growing Ripening early
Ripening mid
500g/m 2
By hyperspectral data of By MODIS data of multi- 5％
stage. Ripening late one-time acquisition time acquisitions
By MODISYield
data ofEstimation Map Crude Prot
ng Ripening early
Sebangau Riverm, Central Kalimantan By hyperspectral data of multi-
11
Dissolved Organic
Ripening mid
Crop Yield Disease Mapping
Ripening late Crop acquisition
one-time Growth Stage time acquisitions
11
Carbon (DOC) Mapping Mapping (Early detection of rice blast)
Mapping

Basic GIS

Overview
• What is the GIS

• Basic knowledge of GIS
• What you can do with GIS
• Useful GIS software

What is the GIS
What is the GIS?

• GIS is the tool for understanding the
phenomenon with geospatial data.
• GIS is the system designed to capture,

store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and
present all types of geospatial data.

What is the GIS
Configuration of the GIS data
Agriculture Economics
GIS as seen from
the area of expertise
Nature Urban
Facility conservation engineering
Management
Spatial Thinking
Information
GIS processing science Statistics
Computer Technology
GIS as seen from Surveying Cartography
the basic study

What is GIS
Map information & Feature

・Form that has shown on the map for real-world objects, and location.
Theme
Legend
Feature
Map

What is GIS
Attribute information
• Information related to that character map
You can map painted by these information

What is the GIS (Example: Zambia)

Basic knowledge of GIS (Data type)
Data type : Vector
• Vector data used in the GIS, which
represents the position coordinates.
specified in the y and x.
◆Point : consists of x, y.
◆Line : More than one point (p1, p2, p3, ...
pn) which are connected by a line
◆Polygon : Some areas inside the
circle or ellipse

Basic knowledge of GIS (Data type)
Data type : Raster

• Data image formed by pixels.
Aerial photo, satellite image and other.
Aerial photo DEM Thematic map Topographic map

& Satellite image (ex. Vegetation map)

Basic knowledge of GIS (Vector vs Raster)

Basic knowledge of GIS (projection)
Projection
• Projection is performed in order to deal
with the various spatial data on the
spherical plane such as earth.
◆Area
◆Shape
◆Distance
◆Direction

Basic knowledge of GIS (projection)
Display cases with a variety of projection method
Geographic Moruwaide projection

-Display X, Y as the latitude and longitude- Area ratio is correct, but distortion is large near pole
Lambert azimuthal equal-area projection Orthographic projection

Direction from the center of the map and the Match the image viewed
area be displayed properly. from a distance the Earth

Basic knowledge of GIS (coordinate systems)
Popular coordinate systems
1. Geographic coordinate system
By latitude and longitude coordinates.
Suitable to display at the national level
2. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
Projected coordinate system:
The UTM projection and grid were
North
adopted by the U.S. Army in 1947 for
designating rectangular coordinates
South
on large-scale maps for the entire
world.
https://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/mercproj/
60 zones
UTM unite is suitable for large scale than provincial level.

What you can do with GIS
View map and database relationships
Correlation
You can manage the display image of the map

with modification of the attribute table information
(database).
Basic knowledge of GIS (Field Verification)
Field Verification Data
(24thMay2016)
Necessary for 10m
adjustment with
the result of field
verification
Point Point_2 X_UTM Y_UTM
P-4 Corner-1 637141 9336513

P-4 Corner-2 637134 9336528
P-4 Corner-3 637141 9336529
OrbView-3/ 1m spatial resolution (2005/11/05) P-4 Corner-4 637148 9336515

View map and database relationships
Correlation
Attribute
Map
You can manage the display image of the map

with modification of the attribute table information
(database).

Attribute Search
Correlation
Attribute
Map
Search by criteria
Future information

Geologic Map by Georeferencing Slop map from DEM
SRTM DEM/ 1-arc second Shade image from DEM

Stream line detection from DEM

Effective display of map
Dot Density map Chart map
Gradient map Variable symbol map

WebGIS for every user
http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/GIS/CBMP/all_mining.html
WebGIS is a platform to provide

GIS information through internet.
Every user can utilize basic data.

Practical Training Program
for
Remote Sensing & GIS Class

◆ Training program 85
1) Lecture & Exercise 2) Field survey 3) Data integration
✓Fundamentals of RS&GIS ✓Field observation ✓ Data integration with field

✓Exercise of data utilization ✓GPS positioning survey data (GPS, landuse, etc.)
Data: Landsat, SRTM, ASTER, ✓Image verification ✓ Achievement presentation
PALSAR, others
＠ JOGMEC Botswana RS Center

Free/ Open source software
http://www.qgis.org/en/site/

Free/ Open source software
Field Survey Tool
GPX Tracker
for iPhone
OSM Tracker
for Android
+
Geographica for
iPhone & Android
http://gisgeography.com/qgis-arcgis-differences/

8
8 GPX Tracker & OSM Tracker (Free)
iPhone: GPX Tracker Android: OSM Tracker

8
9 Geographica (JPY 960 ≒ US＄ 9)
http://geographica.biz/

FIELDNAUT (Free by Japan Space Systems)

Fundamentals RS-GIS

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fundamentals RS-GIS

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Fundamentals of Remote Sensing/GIS

Japan Space Systems

Japan Space Systems 0

Remote sensing (RS) is a technique

Japan Space Systems 1

obtaining information about a phenomena 10-9

or object from a distance, without direct 10-7

10-5 Near Infrared

◼ Electromagnetic radiation (EM) is used for 10-4 Shortwave

Visible range: 400-750nm 750 nm

Japan Space Systems 2

(3) Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

Mt. Fuji Matsumoto Basin Mt. Aso

Japan Space Systems 4

Integrated Information Systems with GIS

Computer Technology Statistics

WebGIS for Surveying Cartography

Japan Space Systems 5

(3) Sensors on satellite/aircraft

(4) Receiving data system

(5) Image Processing

(6) Analyzing & Planning

Japan Space Systems 6

Japan Space Systems 7

Mineral (Kaolinite) Water (Ocean)

Japan Space Systems 8

band 1, 2, 3 band 4 band 5, 6,7,8,9 band 10～14

goesite muscovite kaolinite

Japan Space Systems

Clay Mineral Detection

ASTER RGB=Band 7:4:1

Japan Space Systems 11

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0

Japan Space Systems 12

HISUI hyper (185 bands)

Mineral (Kaolinite) Water (Ocean)

Japan Space Systems 13

1)Reconnaissance 2)Regional - Detailed 3)Pre-FS/FS 4)Development/ Operation

Japan Space Systems 14

2006.07.04 2007.07.30 2007.08.15 2007.09.09

2008.06.30 2011.07.25 2011.08.10

2012.03.30 2013.12.05 2014.10.05 2015.05.26

Japan Space Systems 16

ASTER(2011/07/27) ASTER(2013/05/13) Sentinel-2(2017/05/22)

Japan Space Systems 17

Japan Space Systems 18

Ministry of Water and Environment office

Photo (9th March 2017)

Japan Space Systems 19

Japan Space Systems 20

Following specifications are essential for

Japan Space Systems 21

Landsat-8 (30m) ASTER (15m) Sentinel-2 (10m)

Japan Space Systems 22

OrbView-3/ 1m ASTER/ 15m Landsat-8/ 30m

Japan Space Systems 23

OrbView-3/ 1m PALSAR/ 6.25m Sentinel-1/ 10m

Japan Space Systems 24

High resolution sensors

ASTER ( Date:2012/06/04) Landsat-8 ( Date:2013/09/19)

Japan Space Systems 25

Japan Space Systems 26

Bosque de Santa Elena

Japan Space Systems 27