MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of Master of Business

Administration Session-2021-2022

“Student News Portal”

Faculty Guide Submitted By:

[Mandakini Garg] [ Sateesh Kumar]

[Faculty-Master of Business Administration] [30137]

PRANVEER SINGH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. AKTU

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work. It contains no material previously

published or written by another person, nor has this materials to a substantial extent been

accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of

higher learning.

( Sateesh Kumar )

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 CERTIFICATE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Mini Project Report is the one of the important part of MBA program, which has helped me to

gain a lot of experience, which will be beneficial in my succeeding career. For this with an

ineffable sense of gratitude I take this opportunity to express my deep sense of indebtedness

and gratitude to Dr. S. K. Bhalla, Director - Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology and

Dr. Harit Kumar , Head of Business Administration Department, for their encouragement,

support and guidance in carrying out the project.

I am very much thankful to, my Project Guide [Mandakni Garg], Faculty – MBA Department

for his/her interest, constructive criticism, persistent encouragement and untiring guidance

throughout the development of the project. It has been my great privilege to work under his

inspiring guidance.

I am also thankful to my parents and my friends for their indelible co-operation for achieving

the goals of this study.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PART I

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS IDEA

 INTRODUCTION (Importance and Relevance of Business Plan)

PART II

 FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS/ Plan of Action – Product , Industry , Organizational

,Financial

A. Product Feasibility
• Concept Testing
• Usability Testing
B. Industry Feasibility-
• Target Industry Attractiveness
• Pestle Analysis
• Market Timeless Considerations – Potter’s Five Forces Mode
C. Organizational Feasibility – Management process
• Human Capital Requirement
• Human Resource Expense
• Blue Print / including an organizational chart
D. Financial Feasibility-

• Capital Requirements description.

E. Marketing Feasibility-

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 • 7 P’s Of Service Marketing/ 4 Ps of Marketing

• STP

• Other Marketing Strategies .

 CONCLUSION

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 Description of Business Idea

Every year, we can try to change the lives of millions of students. We enable them to explore all

their study options in one place and to find the best fit study program that matches their needs,

goals, and preferences. In order to succeed in this mission, we work with over universities,

business schools, law schools, and pathway providers who are eager to diversify their campuses

and attract the right students from all over the World

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 Introduction

Introduction

Student News Portal

Introduction-:

The news industry is one of the most competitive in the world. In the UK, you have at least five

mainstream newspapers to choose from every day and countless online news outlets.

Why isn’t the same true at Our Country ? Just because there are union-backed media, that

doesn’t mean there’s no room for innovation. A friend of mine discussed student news website

which idea sounds phenomenally . Add in advertising and partnerships, and you’ve got a real

business opportunity. One benefit of being unaffiliated? You can set your tone and be as blunt as

you like.

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Format Guideline:

1. All content in Times New Roman

2. Font Size

a. Heading : 16

b. Subheading :14

c. Content: 12

3. Spacing : Double Spacing

4. Content Justified

5. Margin :

a. Top : 2.54 cm

b. Bottom: 2.54 cm

c. Right : 2.54 cm

d. Left : 2.54 cm

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 STUDENT News Portal

STUDENT News Portal is an online communication medium for internet users

which are read all over the world. … The STUDENT news portal development

allows to publish publications, press releases, columns, articles, blogs and other

news related content.

A STUDENT news portal is an access point to news; This is generally thought of

as a Internet connection to a news source but the definition of a “Portal” would

include a newspaper, magazine or any other access to news. A web portal is any

access point to the Internet.

Column

A column is a recurring piece or article in a newspaper, magazine or other

publication, where a writer expresses their own opinion in few columns allotted to

them by the newspaper organization . Columns are written by columnists .A

website development that will serve STUDENT news portal requirements, will

actually be the online presence of a newspaper, a magazine or a channel that cover

the local, national or global range. By using this package you will be able to

upload news and authors’ posts about politics, economics, culture, sports, the

environment and enjoy having visitors from all over the world

• STUDENT News Portal is the ultimate magazine theme with creative

design and powerful features that allow you to quickly and easily create a

style to suit your needs. It is completely built on Customizer which allows

you to customize most of the theme settings easily with live previews.

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 Archive section

The most important part of a Web portal contains all history of news and articles

in its archive section

You can get any news of past by searching it anytime.

News Portal

Purpose

1. News sites offer the information to the public, political, social,

sports, health, entertainment etc.

2. Instant & latest news from all over the world.

3. Easier accessibility.

4. Fastest and Latest news updates as per the interest.

5. Live coverage of Events, Cricket matches and other sports etc.

6. A reader can easily give his/her comments on any issue.

7. Breaking News can update Minute-to-minute.

8. Pictures of specials news events.

9.Advertiser gets the details of people who read their ad, this facility

cannot offer by Print or Electronic media.

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 Features of STUDENT news portal

• Customized STUDENT news portal design

Online Student news portal development should provide readers with the

possibility to customize their hope page giving them the power to choose sections,

contents, topics of their interest.

• Breaking News

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 Instant breaking news updates with unfolding stories of popular interest are

powerful enough to keep the portal dragging readers all the day.If your portal is

the one which brings breaking and shaking news to the readers in the first place,

then they are more likely to visit your news portal looking for something that

shake them.

Features of Student news portal

 Style matters

 News portal development is a work of creativity as well.

 Creating the portal or website with a stylish and up-to-the-minute design is

an absolute process of art and creativity.

 You have to know the audience and design for them.

Functions of Student news portal

• Easy to navigate design

• News portal designs which are easy to navigate are more likely

to be visited by readers than those without it.

• The navigation menu should be simple and in the right position.

• Most news websites put their primary navigation menu just

below the header and above the content.

• Some others use left side bar as well. Both these positions are

easily seen by the visitors.

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 Features of STUDENT News portal

• Color scheme

• In news portal development, readability is the most important feature.

• Most news portal websites use dark text on a white background.

• The contrast of colours facilitates the readability of the content

• ‘Black on white’ scheme is the most suitable for news portals and

websites.

• Integration with social media

• In today’s world, online news portals or websites cannot even exist

without social media integration.

Excusive and breaking news spread more on social media like Facebook and

Twitter than news portals.

By integrating with social media, news websites can reach to a large audience in a

blink of an eye.

• Comments

• Reader comments and engagements are critical elements for good news

portal designs.

• Many of the readers want to express their views on particular issues, like

or dislike some opinions, and somehow raise their voice.

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 Features of Student News portal

• Responsive news portal design

• News portal developers must note this very distinctive feature; responsive

design.

• A responsive news website design makes your portal look nice on the

screen of any device from laptops, tablets, and mobile phones.

• It enables the readers to access your content and view it the way they love

to do.

• Frequent news updates

• Frequent content update is essential for the existence of your news portal.

• Without frequent updates your website will not attract the audience.

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 Features of Student News portal

• Advertisement spaces

In news portal development, monetary features are as important as content and

service features. Integrating advertisement in the right part of the design is crucial

for the monetary benefits of the news portal.

You must be able to use ads without turning readers away from your website.

The right places for banner ads are sidebar, both left and right, header or footer.

• White space maximization

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 1. Don’t try to fill all the white space with your content and bore the readers.

2. Embracing maximum white space is important to show the reader where

they should focus their attention.

3. White spaces are what make your website more readable and simple, even

though it is filled with an excessive number of content items.

Features of Student news portal

• Grid-based news portal design

• News portal websites are commonly built with grid-based designs.

• This design is a popular choice not only because of the sharp and

impressive look it creates but also it is one of the most effective ways to

manage and organize a large amount of content.

• The grid-based design allows you to break the content into comprehensive

blocks; thereby engage users to read your content.

Some of the premier world news portals

News.bbc.co.uk, cnn.com,

Foxnews.com, reuters.com

Indian news portals

• Some of the premium Indian news portals

• Zeenews.com

• Ndtv.com

• Ibnlive.com

• Khabarhulchal.com

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 FEASABILITY ANALYSIS

Feasibility Study A feasibility study aims to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and
weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the
natural environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for
success. In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to
be attained.
Attributes Entities are represented by means of their properties, called attributes. All attributes
have values. For example, a student entity may have name, class, and age as attributes. There
exists a domain or range of values that can be assigned to attributes. For example, a student’s
name cannot be a numeric value. It has to be alphabetic. A student’s age cannot be negative, etc.
Attributes are represented by means of ellipses. Every ellipse represents one attribute and is
directly connected to its entity (rectangle).
Online student publications
Due to the rise in adoption of Internet accessible devices such as computers and smartphones,
many high schools and colleges have begun offering online editions of their publications in
addition to printed copies. (The very first student newspaper in the United States to completely
abandon its printed issues in favor of a website was The Campus Lantern at Eastern Connecticut
State University[citation needed], doing so in the 2000s; however paper issues of The Lantern
have since been brought back.) Due to publishing content online student publications are now
able to reach a much wider audience than before. With many student publications moving to
online, content is more accessible to the student body and production of the content is easier and
cheaper.[2] As printed student publications become more and more scarce and student
publications move online to best fit the news needs of today's students, student newspapers will
run into several issues. One of these issues is the increase in demand for new content. While an
update once a day or even once a week was once acceptable for a student publication, real time
information resources will soon be demanded by students who grew up with constant updates of
news coverage. This shift in content demand will require more effort and more time by the
student newspaper staff.

One of these issues is what is called the "daily me." Coined by Cass Sunstein in his book
Republic.com, the "daily me" is the current trend of online readers looking for personalized
information providers.[3] In this way the reader deals with only the subjects they wish to deal
with. In this way readers are not inconvenienced by material they have no interest in and can
personalize an information product themselves, providing added value to both themselves and
the provider. However, some believe this trend may not be the best for society, who is now faced
with a public that chooses how well to be informed. On a campus paper, this trend will likely
manifest itself in the increased number of "hits" to the common "sports" and "opinion" sections
of the paper, while hard news sections go un-noticed. This new type of print culture could
possibly result in drastic formatting and content changes for student newspapers.[3]

2006 cartoon controversies

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Main article: Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
the student paper at Cardiff University, courted controversy when, on February 4, 2006, it
reproduced the cartoons, originally printed in Jyllands-Posten, depicting Muhammad. The issue
was withdrawn from publication within a day of being released, the editor and two other student
journalists were suspended, and a public apology was published in the next issue.

In the same month, two editors of the Daily Illini, the independent student newspaper of the
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, were suspended after deciding to publish six of the
twelve cartoons.
However, student publications took a lead role in reprinting the Muhammad cartoons, often
accompanying them with explanatory editorials. No fewer than 16 student newspapers and
magazines in the United States, and a handful in other countries, ran one or more of the
caricatures.
Student press in Australia
See also: List of student newspapers in Australia
University student newspapers in the Australia are usually independent of university
administration yet are connected with or run by the student representative organization operating
at the campus. Editors tend to be elected by the student body on a separate ticket to other student
representatives and are paid an honorarium, although some student organizations have been
known to employ unelected staff to coordinate the production of the newspaper (an example of
this is the national Student View newspaper).

Controversy surrounding Australian student press

Australian student newspapers have courted controversy since their inception. One of the more
notorious of these controversies involved the publication of an article which allegedly incited
readers to shoplift. The July edition of the magazine was banned by the Office of Film and
Literature Classification following a campaign by conservative talkback radio hosts and other
media to have the material banned. The four editors of the July 1995 edition of La Trobe
University student magazine Rabelais were subsequently charged with publishing, distributing
and depositing an objectionable publication. An objectional publication was defined in this case,
as one that incites criminal activity.[4] The editors lodged an appeal, which led to a protracted
four-year court case. The appeal was eventually defeated by the full bench of the Federal Court,
who refused the editors application to appeal to the High Court of Australia.[5] The charges were
eventually dropped in March 1999.

Student press in Canada

See also: List of student newspapers in Canada
Many student newspapers in Canada are independent from their universities and student unions.
Such autonomous papers are funded by student fees won by referendums, as well as advertising,
and are run by their staffs, with no faculty input.

About 55 of Canada's student newspapers belong to a co-operative and newswire service called
the Canadian University Press,[6] which holds conferences, has correspondents across the
country, is run democratically by its member papers, and fosters a sense of community among
Canadian student journalists.

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The oldest continually published student newspapers in Canada are The Varsity (1880), The
Queen's Journal (1873), and The Dalhousie Gazette (1868). The oldest student publication in
Canada is which was founded in 1867 as a monthly but then switched to a weekly newspaper.
The only Canadian student newspaper that continues to print on a daily schedule is The Gazette
at the University of Western Ontario.

Student press in Ireland

Student publications are produced at Ireland's universities and Institutes of Technology as well as
to a lesser extent at Colleges of Further Education. These publications include The College
Tribune and The University Observer at University College Dublin, Trinity News and The
University Times at Trinity College Dublin, The College View based at Dublin City University
and Sin Newspaper at NUI Galway. Other publications include The Edition (stylised as the
eDITion), at Dublin Institute of Technology and the UCC Express and Motley Magazine at
University College Cork.

Each publication reports on affairs at its host university as well as on local, national and
international news of relevance to students and many student journalists have gone on to work in
Ireland's national press. All student publications in Ireland are funded by or linked to their host
university or its students' union, with the exception of UCD's College Tribune which operates
independently. Irish student publications are invited each year to enter the national Student
Media Awards, run by a Dublin-based marketing firm Oxygen.ie under various categories.

Student press in Korea

Almost every university in Korea runs a student based press. Although many of these press are
funded by the school, the students press has a significant amount of say amongst the student
body.

Student press in the Philippines

Trinity Observer, Trinity University of Asia

The College Editors Guild of the Philippines or (CEGP)[7] is the oldest and broadest
intercollegiate alliance of student publications in the Asia-Pacific. Since its foundation, the guild
has remained steadfast in its commitment to uphold freedom of expression, press freedom and
students' democratic rights. This dedication is what continues to unite and consolidate CEGP's
more than 750 member publications from different schools nationwide or worldwide. See also
List of student newspapers

Student press in the United Kingdom

See also: List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom
Student newspapers in the UK are often given a constitutionally guaranteed editorial
independence from the universities and student unions whose students they represent, although
the majority are financially dependent on their Students' Union. The most successful (in terms of
student media awards) include: Orbital Magazine (Royal Holloway, University of London), The
Knowledge (University of Plymouth), (University of York), York Vision (University of York),
Impact (University of Nottingham), The (Loughborough University), Felix (Imperial College),
Cherwell, The Oxford Student (University of Oxford), The Badger (University of Sussex), R

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(Cardiff University), The Beaver (London School of Economics), Glasgow University Guardian
(Glasgow University), The Boar (University of Warwick), Leeds Student (University of Leeds),
Student (University of Edinburgh), Forge Press (University of Sheffield), The Courier
(University of Newcastle), The Saint (University of St Andrews), Varsity, The Cambridge
Student, The Tab (University of Cambridge), Epigram (University of Bristol), The Ripple
(newspaper) (University of Leicester), (University of Exeter) Spark* (University of
Reading), The (University of Aberdeen)and Le (Brunel University). Examples of
British student newspapers that are financially as well as editorially independent
from their respective student unions are Cherwell, Varsity, The Tab, The Saint,
The Linc (University of Lincoln), Palatinate (Durham University), The Founder
(Royal Holloway) Milk Magazine (Bath Spa University), The Gown (Queen's
University, Belfast) and The Manchester Magazine (University of Manchester).
Since they are not part of their Students' Union at all, their independence is given a
stronger guarantee than other papers who rely on their unions for funding and
consequently cover stories with that in mind.

In 2003, The National Student, the UK's first independent national student
newspaper was launched. A similar publication based in Scotland was founded in
2001. In 2009, The Student Journals was founded as an independent online
magazine for students, but started allowing international writers one year after launch.

Student press in the United States

See also: List of student newspapers in the United States of America

Front page of the first edition of The Daily Tar Heel a student newspaper of University of North
Carolina from 1892.
Case law
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Main article: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
Tinker v. Des Moines concerns a group of students who wanted to wear black armbands to
school in 1965 to protest United States involvement in Vietnam. After school officials heard
about the planned silent protest, they suspended the students involved. A few of the students
involved sued and the Supreme Court sided with the students, saying that provided that these
speech acts did not distract themselves or others from academic work, the real purpose of the
school, then students were free to wear and say want they liked in school. This is considered the
benchmark case in issues of student free speech and contains the famous phrase "students do not
shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate."[8]

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

Main article: Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1987
concerned a public school newspaper that attempted to print two controversial stories about
issues of teen pregnancy and divorced families. It was the custom of the principal to look over
the proposed paper before publication. With little time left before the publication deadline, the

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principal decided that the two stories, though names had been changed to protect the stories'
subjects, were inappropriate for the paper's younger readers; under direction of the principal, the
paper was printed without the offending stories. The students filed suit, but the Supreme Court
stood by the principal's ruling, that, because of time constraints, the only proper course of action
was to not print the stories. It was decided that the students' First Amendment rights had not been
infringed. This case is often cited by high schools and universities to support the custom of prior
review.[9]

Kincaid v. Gibson
Interaction of court rulings
Hazelwood and Tinker offer conflicting versions of student free expression. Student-directed
publications may indeed be considered open or limited public forums for student expression,
offering students freedom of expression under both Hazelwood and Tinker.

Hazelwood, for example, does not say administrators must review or censor their papers before
publication. In fact, journalism education organizations, like the Journalism Education
Association, argue that prior review has no legitimate educational merit and is only a tool leading
to censorship.

Under certain limited conditions and situations presented by Hazelwood, school administrators
may be permitted prior review of (mostly high school) student publications.

Until June 2005, the Hazelwood standard was not considered to apply to public college and
university newspapers, a decision most recently affirmed in the 2001 appeals court decision in
Kincaid v. Gibson. However, in June 2005, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled, in v. Carter,
that the Hazelwood standard could apply to student publications that were not "designated public
forums," and in February 2006 the Supreme Court declined to hear the students' appeal. At this
time, the decision applies only in the states of Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin.

In response to the Kincaid decision, the California State Legislature passed AB 2581, which
extended existing state-level statutory protection of high school student journalists to college and
university students.[10] The bill was signed into law by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and
took effect on January 1, 2007.

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 CONCLUSION
Controversy over alleged censorship actions has led some student newspapers to become
independent organizations, such as The Exponent of Purdue University in 1969, The Daily
Californian of the University of California, Berkeley in 1971, The Daily Orange of Syracuse
University in 1971, The Independent Florida Alligator of the University of Florida in 1973, The
Cavalier Daily of the University of Virginia in 1979, The Paisano of the University of Texas at
San Antonio in 1981, and most recently[when?] The Mountaineer Jeffersonian of West Virginia
University in 2008.

Some states have laws which enhance the U.S. Constitution in protecting student expression
documented by the Student Press Law Center.

John Silber and university newspapers

University administrations have learned to get around constitutional protections and effectively
diminish critical student newspapers by following the example of former Boston University
President John Silber, who on the advice of Harvard Law School Professor Alan Dershowitz,
eliminated all funding for student newspapers in the 1970s in an attempt to suppress on-campus
criticism. Silber's policy went so far as to ban student organizations funded by the university
from placing advertisements in the student press. With his hands-off policy, Silber was able to
eliminate the independence of The Daily News and financially crippled the more-radical.
exposure. The exposure sued Silber and the university for infringement of their First Amendment
rights, but the courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts eventually dismissed their case.

Issues of diversity in student newspapers

Studies by the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (JBHE) focusing on African American
students have found that as few as 2.6% of editors of all student newspapers are of African-
American descent, with other minorities showing similar trending. These numbers are not much
higher at schools with credited journalism schools. In these institutions, only 4.4% of editors are
of African American descent. Both of these percentages are significantly below the percentage of
population African- Americans make up in the total United States. Such skewed demographics in
these publications could result in newspapers that only reflect the outlooks and values of a
particular segment of the student population. The JBHE does not suggest any type of affirmative
action program for student publications at this point in time.[11]

Student newspaper in popular culture

TV series Beverly Hills, 90210: Andrea Zuckerman (Gabrielle) is the school newspaper editor.
Argentinean TV series Way: Pilar Duff (Micaela Vázquez) write a newspaper anonymously,
filled with gossip about her classmates.
TV series Smallville: Chloe Sullivan (Allison Mack) is the editor of the school newspaper The
Torch.
Israeli TV series (Ayelet ) is the editor of the school newspaper.
Beware the Gonzo is about geek at his high school who decides to establish an underground
paper of his own.
TV series Riverdale: Betty Cooper (Lili Reinhart) and Jughead Jones (Cole Sprouse) are editors
of Riverdale High's previously dormant school newspaper, The Blue & Gold.

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