Agm - 301 2007 QB

Om Sakthi
Adhiparasakthi Agricultural & Horticultural College, G.B.Nagar, Kalavai - 632 506

(Affiliated to TNAU, Coimbatore-3)
B.Sc. (Agri./Horti) – Improvement – Mid-semester Examinations-2013
AGM 301 AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY (2+1)
Date: 10.10.2013 Time 1 Hr Marks:20.00
Answer all the questions PART – A 15 x 0.5 = 7.5

Choose the correct answer
1. The term animalcule was coined by

a. Louis Pateur c. John Needham
b. Antan Van Leewen Hoek d. Edward Jenner
2. Five kingdom classification was proposed by
a. Haeckel b.Whittaker
b. Bergey d. Linnaeus
3. The cells divided in three planes in irregular pattern produce bunches of cocci is called
a. Tetracocci c. Staphylococci
b. Sarcinae d. Diplococcic
4. Moist heat kills bacteria by
a. Protein coagulation c. Dehydration
b. Oxidation d. All of the above
5. Bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous material forming an envelope is called
a. Cell membrane c. Capsule
b. Slime d. a or b
6. Name the nutrient mobilized by VAM
a. N b. P c. K d. Zn
7. The relative abundance of microbial groups in a normal soil sample is in the order of
a. Actinomycetes >Bacteria > Fungi c. Bacteria > Actinomycetes > Fungi

b. Actinomycetes > Fungi >Bacteria d. Bacteria > Fungi >Actinomycetes
8. The red algae from which agar is extracted
a. Porphyra c. Frankia
b. Gracillaria d. None
9. Which of the following is an example of cyanobacteria
a. Rhodospirillum c. Acetobacter
b. Rhizobium d. Nostoc
10. Site of Nitrogen fixation in blue green algae is
a. Hormogonia c. Akinetes
b. Heterocyst d. Endocysts
11. Fermentation of alcohol by certain yeast is
a. Aerobic process c. Microaerophilic process

b. Anaerobic process d. All of these
12. The aerobic organism use which of the following compound as electron acceptor
a. Oxygen c. Inorganic molecules

b. Organic molecules d. None
13. In gram reaction the following compound is used as a counter stain
a. Absolute alcohol c. Lugol’s Iodine

b. Saffranin d. Crystal violet
14. Resolving power is high in
a. Light microscope c. Phase contrast microscope

b. Compound microscope d. Electron microscope
15. The chemical substance that is the characteristics of endospores is

a. Glycogen c. Dipicolinic acid
b. PHB granules d. Volutin granules
Answer all the questions PART – B 15 x 0.5 = 7.5
State True / False
16. Life originating from pre-existing life is abiogenesis
17. Call wall of bacteria is made of peptidoglycan layer
18. Methanogene are typical example of Arcahebacteria
19. Theory of spontaneous generation theory was disproved by Louis Pasteur
20. Joseph lister was the first to isolate and obtain the pure culture of Azotobacter
21. A cluster of flagella at one or both end is called peritrichous
22. Carbondioxide is the carbon source of chemoautotroph
23. Lichen is the association of fungus and cyanobacteria
24. The antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming is Penicillin
25. Yogurt is prepared by using L.bulgaricus
26. Hop flowers are added to beer fermentation for sterilization
27. During wine fermentation the must is treated with SO2
28. In lyophilisation the liquid nitrogen is used as a preservative agent for cultures
29. The working volume of medium is always less than the total volume
30. The size of the holes in the sparger ranges from 1/64 to 1/32 of an inch
Answer any FIVE PART – C 5x1=5
Write short notes
1. Write down a short note on the salt concentration required for the growth of halophiles
2. Give an account on the historical developments in the field of fermentation industry.
3. Describe the benefits of boiling hops with wort
4. Write the important features of SCP
5. Mashing
6. Nutritional types of bacteria
Om Sakthi

III year B.Sc. (Agri./Horti) – V Sem – Mid-semester Examinations-2012

1) _______ disproved spontaneous generation

Lazzaro
a) Louis Pasteur b) c) John Tyndall d) Both (a) and (b)
spallanzani
2) The process of intermittent heating and cooling to preserve food materials are to be known
as
a) Tyndallization b) Pasteurization c) Fermentation d) Both (a) and (b)
3) ________ was called father of microbiology
a) Louis Pasteur b) Antony Van c) Edward Jenner d) Liebig
Leeuwenhoek
4) Destroy a very high percentage of the microbial population in fruit juice & milk is called
a) Pasteurization b) Tyndallization c) Drying d) Sterilization
5) _________ is a silkworm disease
a) Blight disease b) Pebrine c) Yellow fever d) All of these
6) Pebrine disease caused by __________
a) Proteus b) Staphylococc c) Protozoa & d) Both (a) and (b)
us Bacteria
7) Anthrax disease caused by
a) Clostridium b) Mycobacterium c) Bacillus anthrax d) None
leprae
8) Anthrax disease present in
a) Cattle & Sheep b) Dog c) Horse d) Both (b) and (c)
9) Anthrax disease identified by
a) Beijerinck b) Robert koch c) Alexander d) Robert
Fleming hooke
10) Edward Jenner discovered
a) Vaccines b) Antibiotic c) Virus d) Bacteria
11) Tuberculosis caused by
a) Mycobacterium b) Mycobacterium c) Streptococcus d) None
leprae tuberculosis
12) Penicillin is a
a) Antibiotic b) Acid c) Disinfectant d) None
13) Streptomycin discovered from Streptomyces griseous by
a) Selman A.Waksman b) Beijerink c) Fleming d) Joseph Lister
14) Streptomycin is effective against
a) Tuberculosis b) Anthrax c) Typhoid d) None
15) Microbes entered the wound through air, hands, surgical instruments or band aids and cause
a) Skin damage b) Sepsis c) Blood clotting d) All of these
16) _____ called “Father of antiseptic surgery”
a) Joseph Lister b) Beijerink c) Winogradsky d) Both (b) and (c)
17) Azospirillum isolated by
a) Louis Pasteur b) Joseph Lister c) Beijerink d) None
18) Rhizobium isolated from root nodule by
a) Beijerink b) Joseph Lister c) Alexander d) None
Fleming
19) _______ established the transformation of nitrogen
a) Joseph Lister b) Selman A.Waksman c) Beijerink d) Winogradsky
20) _______ called “Father of Soil Microbiology”

a) Sergei b) Louis Pasteur c) Antony Van d) None
Nikolaevitca Leeuwenhoek
Winogradsky
21) _____ established role of microorganisms in N transformation
a) Alexander b) Louis Pasteur c) Sergei d) Joseph Lister
Fleming Nikolaevitca
Winogradsky
22) _______ developed the technique of enrichment culture
a) Alexander b) Robert c) Louis d) Winogradsky and
Fleming koch Pasteur Beijerink
23) “Principles of Soil Microbiology” published by ________

a) Joseph Lister b) Alexander c) Louis Pasteur d) Selman
Fleming A.Waksman
24) The antibiotics Streptomycin, Neomycin, Actinomycin discovered by
a) Selman b) Joseph Lister c) Louis Pasteur d) Alexander
A.Waksman Fleming
25) Cells divide in three planes in regular pattern producing bunches of cocci is called
a) Staphylococci b) Diplococcus c) Streptococcus d) Tetracocci
26) ________ is a viscous material (or) substance forming a covering layer (or) envelop
around the cell wall
a) Cell membrane b) Mesosomes c) Capsule d) Inclusions
27) Hair like helical surface appendages emerging from cell wall, and provides motility of
microorganism is called
a) Plasmids b) Flagellum c) Pili d) Cytoplasm
28) Flagellum contains

a) Basal body, Hook & b) Auxin c) Tetracycline d) Lipopolysac
Filament charides
29) Peptidoglycan layer contains

a) N-acetyl glucosamine & b) Pectin c) Fibrinogen d) None
N-acetyl muramic acid
30) Small hair like structure found in surface of cell wall and used for adhesion to the surfaces
is called
a) Pili b) Endoflagella c) Cell wall d) Cytoplasm
31) Some bacteria have the ability to form highly resistant resting stages called
a) Vacuoles b) Spores c) Cytoplasmic inclusions d) DNA
32) _____ is define as the process by which an article, surface (or) medium is freed of all
microorganisms either in the vegetative or spore state
a) Sterilization b) Pasteurization c) Tyndallization d) All of these
33) Bacteria are those that grow best at temperature below 20°C or at 20°C (0 – 20°C) is called
a) Mesophiles b) Psychrophiles c) Thermophiles d) None
34) Bacteria are those that grow best at temperatures at 20 – 45°C is called
35) Bacteria grow best at temperature above 45°C is called

36) Bacteria grow at extreme acidic condition is called

a) Neutrophiles b) Acidophiles c) Halophiles d) None
37) Bacteria grow at extreme alkaline condition is called

a) Acidophiles b) Halophiles c) Neutrophiles d) None
38) _____ are the centres of protein synthesis

a) Ribosomes b) Mesosomes c) Lysosome d) None
39) Organisms require a chemical compounds for their energy and are designated as
a) Chemotrophs b) Phototrophs c) Lithotrophs d) None
40) Organism require a radient energy or light energy is called ______

a) Phototrophs b) Chemotrophs c) Lithotrophs d) None
41) _____ require oxygen for growth and can grow when incubated in an air atmosphere
a) Aerobic b) Anaerobic c) Facultative d) Microaerophilic
bacteria bacteria Anaerobic organism
organism
42) ______ donot use oxygen to obtain energy; moreover, oxygen is toxic for them and they
cannot grow when incubated in an air atmosphere
organism
43) ______ require low levels of oxygen for growth

organism
44) Gram staining technique developed by
a) Louis Pasteur b) Joseph Lister c) Christian Gram d) Winogradsky
45) ________ used in negative staining
a) Nigrosin b) Methylene c) Crystal violet d) Safranin
blue
PART-B
State True / False
1) Nitrogen, oxygen, Sulphur and phosphorous is equired for the growth of bacteria
2) Metal ions, vitamins and vitamin like compounds is required for the growth of bacteria
3) Water is more essential for all living organism
4) Nutrient agar is used for growth of actinomycetes
5) Rose Bengal agar is used for growth of bacteria
6) Kenknight’s agar is used for growth of fungus
7) A temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes at a pressure of 15 lbs is the sterilizing condition in
the autoclave
8) Hot air is employed for sterilization
9) Sterilization by radiation referred as “cold sterilization”
10) Disinfectant is an agent, usually a chemical,that kills the growing forms but not necessarily
the resistant spore forms of disease producing microorganisms
11) Bactericide is an agent that kills fungus
12) Volutin granules also known as metachromatic granules
13) Plasmids are small extra chromosomal circular DNA Molecule
14) Bacteria are having ability to produce spores
15) Mesosomes present in fungus
16) Gas vacuoles present in bacteria
17) Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organism
18) All algae are multicellular except BGA
19) All fungi are eukaryotes
20) Antony Van Leeuwen Hoek’s hobby is glass grinding and preparation of lenses
21) Year 1674 is “ birth year of microbiology”
22) Fractional sterilization of microbes is called “Tyndallization”
23) High Temperature Short Time (HTST) method is used for pasteurization
24) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in Gram negative bacteria
25) Flagella is present all over the body is called peritrichous flagella
26) Single flagellum at one end is called mono polar monotrichous
27) Capsule are having negatively charge ions
28) John Tyndall demonstrated that if no dust was present, sterile broth remained free of
microbial growth
29) Lactobacillus is a bacteria, appeared as rods in chains
30) Vibrio cholera are curved rods
31) Staphylococci appeared in grape like bunches
32) Sterilization is the process of destroying all forms of microbial life
33) Ethanol is used in gram staining technique
34) Methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin used in simple staining and Gram staining
techniques
35) M-ring attached in cytoplasmic membrane
36) P-ring attached in peptidoglycan layer (or) cell wall
37) L-ring attached in lipopolysaccharides layer (or) outer membrane
38) Cells divide in two planes and form groups of four cells are called tetracocci
39) Bacteria do not require oxygen for growth, although they may use oxygen for energy
production if it is available are called facultative anaerobic bacteria
40) Phenols are chemical agents and its mode of action is disruption of plasma membrane,
denaturation and inactivation of enzymes
41) Incineration is the ultimate processes of destroying cells, and it is widely used to sterilize
inoculating loops, needles and for destruction of contaminated experimental animals
42) Autoclave is commonly used for killing microorganisms employing moist heat
43) LTH (low temperature holding method) expose milk to a temperature of 145°F (62.8°C)
for 30 minutes
44) HTST (High Temperature Short Time method) process employs equipment capable of
exposing milk to a temperature of 161°F (71.7°C) for 15 seconds
45) Simple staining technique is used for the study of morphological appearance of
microorganisms
Part-c
Write short notes

1) Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
2) Louis Pasteur
3) John Tyndall
4) Robert Koch and Koch’s postulates
5) Selman A Waksman
6) Beijerinck
7) Sergei Nikolaevitca Winogradsky
8) Structural Morphology and Arrangement of cells
9) Structure of bacteria
10) Simple staining
11) Gram staining
12) Bergey’s system of bacterial classification
13) Nutritional types of bacteria
14) Nutritional requirements for growth of bacteria
15) Temperature requirements for growth of micro organisms
16) Oxygen and pH requirements for growth of microorganisms
17) Control of microorganisms by physical method of sterilization
18) Control of microorganisms by chemical method of sterilization
19) Distribution of microorganism in soil
20) Factors influencing microbial activities in soil
AGM-501 BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCTION AND QUALITY CONTROL (1+2)
(FINAL YEAR) IV B.Sc Agri VIII semester- A batch
Mid-semester exam-2012 (January)
PART-A
1. Biofertilizer are defined as preparation containing ____________of nitrogen fixers,
phosphate solubilizers and cellulolytic organisms.
a) live cells or efficient strains b) dead cells c) cellulose d) carbon molecules
2. Nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers are used to increase the availability of nutrients to
a) bacteria b) crop plants c) fungi d) actinomycetes
3. Rhizobium is a
a) nitrogen fixer b) phosphate solubilizer c) calcium producer d) potassium solubilizer
4. Azotobacter is a a)
non-symbiotic fixer b) symbiotic fixer c) both (a) and (b) d) none
5. Associative symbiotic nitrogen fixers are

a) Azospirillum and Acetobacter b) rhizobium c) both (a) and (b) d) none
6. Insoluble form of phosphate are converted into soluble form of phosphate by

a) algae b) fungal c) phosphate solubilizer d) none
7. Phosphate solubilizers secrete a)

sulfuric acid b) hydrochloric acid c) organic acids d) none
8. Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum is a a)

nitrogen fixer b) phosphate solubilizer c) photosynthetic organism d) none
9. BGA and Azolla is a a)

nitrogen fixer b) photosynthetic organisms c) both (a) and (b) d) none
10. BGA fixing atmospheric nitrogen non-symbiotically mostly in a)

sugarcane fields b) wheat field c) rice-field d) none
11. Nostoc and Anabaena are a)

heterocystous filamentous b) non-heterocystous filamentous c) unicellular d)
both (a) and (b)
12. Spirulina, Oscillatoria are a)

non-heterocystous filamentous b) heterocystous filamentous c) unicellular d) none
13. Aspergillus, Penicillium are a)

phosphate solubilizer b) bacteria c) fungi d) both (a) and (c)
14. ________is a floating water fern which harbours BGA for their growth. a)
Bacteria b) Azolla c) Algae d) both (a) and (b)
15. ________mobilize phosphate and other micronutrients like Zn, Bo, Mo. a)
Algae b) Rhizobium c) Mycorrhizal fungi d) both (a) and (b)
16. BGA fix nitrogen about a)
25-30 kg N/ha b) 40-50 kg N/ha c) 50-60 kg N/ha d) none
17. BGA produce

a) Auxin b) IAA c) GA d) all of these
18. Rhizobium is a a)
Algae b) Gram positive bacteria c) Gram negative bacteria d) all of these
19. Rhizobium is a)
chemoheterotrophic organism b) heterotrophic organism c) Lithotrops d) none
20. _______fix the atmosphere nitrogen in the nodules of leguminous crops a)

Azotobacter b) Azospirillum c) Aspergillus niger d) none
21. Azospirillum belongs to_________family.

a) Spirillaceae b) Azotobacteriaceae c) Rhizobiaceae d) none
22. Azospirillum grow in__________medium. a)

congo red YEMA b) Nfb c) Jenson’s medium d) Pikovskaya’s medium
23. Cyanobacteria are a)

autotrophic microorganisms b) photoautotrophic microorganisms c)
herotrophic microorganisms d) none
24. Pseudomonas is a
a) phosphate solubilizer b) nitrogen fixers c) both (a) and (b) d) none
25. Bacillus polymyxa is a a)

fungi b) algae c) phosphate solubilizer d) none
26. ________is a unicellular, motile with peritrichous flagellated organism. a)

Rhizobium b) Azotobacter c) Azospirillum d) none
27. ________is pleomorphic in nature.

a) Rhizobium b) BGA c) Azotobacter d) none
28. ________is a non-symbiotic/free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria.

a) Clostridium b) Mycobacterium c) Azotobacter d) all of these
29. ________is a endosymbiotic, obligate bacteria. a)

Gluconacetobacter b) Mycobacterium c) Proteus d) none
30. __________ is produced by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

a) Indole-3-acetic acid b) Auxins c) Amino acids d) Tween 80
31. ________organism use mono, di, polysaccharide as carbon source.

a) Azospirillum b) Azotobacter c) Rhizobium d) Clostridium
32. ________organism use mono, disaccharides as carbon source.

a) Rhizobium b) Clostridium c) Azotobacter d) Fusarium
33. ________is a aerobic organism.

a) Rhizobium b) Clostridium c) Azotobacter d) both (a) and (c)
34. ________is a aerobic and microaerophilic organism.
a) Azospirillum b) Clostridium c) Azotobacter d) none
35. ________is Gram negative, non spore forming, microaerophilic organism. a)

Staphylococcus b) Streptococcus c) Gluconacetobacter d) none
36. Rhizobium grow in_________medium. a)

congo red YEMA b) Nfb c) Jenson’s medium d) Pikovskaya’s medium
37. ________is a fast growing organism.

a) Rhizobium b) Bradyrhizobium c) both (a) and (b) d) none
38. ________is a slow growing organism.

a) Rhizobium b) Bradyrhizobium c) both (a) and (b) d) none
39. Bacillus grow in____________medium.

a) congo red YEMA broth b) Nfb broth c) Jenson’s broth d) Pikovskaya’s broth
40. Pseudomonas grow in____________medium.

a) congo red YEMA broth b) Pikovskaya’s broth c) Nfb broth d) all of these
41. _________are nitrogen sources used by Azospirillum.

a) amino acid and nitrogen b) calcium carbonate c) NaoH d) Nitric acid
42. _________are nitrogen sources used by Azotobacter. a)

ammonium and dinitrogen b) calcium carbonate c) NaoH d) phosphoric acid
43. Rhizobium produce __________in groundnut plant.

a) 50 kg N/ha b) 60 kg N/ha c) 100-300 kg N/ha d) 50-110 kg N/ha
44. Rhizobium produce __________in Alfalfa.

45. Rhizobium produce __________in pulses.

PART-B
True or false
1. The nitrogenase enzyme system is capable of reducing acetylene to ethylene.

2. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA) method used for estimation of nitrogen fixation by
microorganisms.
3. Isotopic dilution methods used for estimation of phosphorus in soil.
4. The atmospheric nitrogen is fixed in the form of sodium by the enzyme nitrogenase.
5. Mycorrhizae used to denote the symbiotic association between plant roots and fungal
mycelia.
6. Mycorrhizae plants increased the surface area of the root system for better absorption of
nutrients from soil, especially when the soils are deficient in phosphate.
7. Some mycorrhizal fungi produce plant hormones, which stimulate root development.
8. Pisolitbus tinctorius is a mycorrhiral fungi produce vitamins and calcium.
9. Mycorrhizae is not protect the root of the host plant against pathogens and certain toxins.
10. Mycorrhizae plants generally not have a higher resistance to drought, soil acidity and high
soil temperature.
11. Ectomycorrhizae fungal hyphae is associated with outside of the root system.
12. Ectomycorrhizae are belongs to Pinaceae, Fagaceae, Myrtaceae family.
13. VAM fungi is the main subgroup of the endomycorrhizae.
14. Vesicles and Arbuscules are two specialized structures produced by VAM fungi.
15. Vesicles are storage structure they store sodium.
16. Arbuscular are modified form of hyphae as coiled or densely branched structure and they
are involved in interchange of nutrient.
17. Ericoid belongs to the class of Ascomycetes.
18. Arbutoid belongs to the sub family Arbutoidae.
19. Monotropoid belongs to the class basidiomycetes.
20. Orchid coming under the family Monotropaceae.
21. Arbuscules are intricately branced haustoria that formed within a root cortex cell.
22. Arbuscules generally having cylindrical or slightly flared trunks with branches
progressively tapering in with toward tip in glomus species.
23. Acaulospora spore wall consisting of four layers.
24. Organic acid production is the major mechanism of phosphate solubilization.
25. Phosphobacterial isolates are to be screened based on the phosphate solubilizing capacity
of the cultures.
26. Rhizobium fix the atmosphere nitrogen in the nodules of graminaceous plants.
27. Azolla is the plant as floating branched stem, true roots and deeply bilobed leaves, each
leaf has a dorsal as well as ventral lobe.
28. BGA are photoautotrophic microorganisms which utilize solar energy to fix atmospheric
nitrogen.
29. Azospirillum is associate symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium, microaerophilic, commonly
found in association of with the roots of cereals and grasses.
30. Azospirillum belongs to spirillaceae family.
31. Azospirillum produce plant growth promoting substances like IAA, kinetin.
32. Azospirillum act as biological control of plants disease which is caused by Aspergillus and
Fusarium.
33. Azospirillum are chemohererotrophic, associative symbiotic organism.
34. Azospirillum grow in YEMA medium.
35. Azotobacter belongs to Azotobacteriaceae family.
36. Gluconacetobacter acid tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium associated with rice plant.
37. Gluconacetobacter are endophytic organism colonizes the roots, stems, buds and leaves of
sugarcane.
38. Ectendomycorrhizae have both features of ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.
39. Ectomycorrhizae have white or brightly coloured sheath (mantel) morphological
appearance around the host root.
40. VAM fungi do not produce large mush room like reproductive structures.
41. VAM fungi are the most widespread mycorrhiza in higher plants.
42. Amanita, Boletus is an example of ectomycorrhizae.
43. Azolla is an algal symbiont.
44. Azotobacter grow near rice, wheat, millet, cereals, cotton, sunflower, mustard and flower
crops.
45. Rhizobium species grow near pea, black gram, greengram, cowpea, groundnut, soybean
crops.
PART-C
Write short notes
1. Classification of bio-fertilizers
2. Rhizobium
3. Azospirillum
4. Gluconacetobacter
5. Blue green algae
6. Azolla
7. Alkaline potassium permanganate method for quantification of nitrogen fixation.
8. Quantification of nitrogen fixation by 15 N dilution assay by Mass-spectrometer.
9. Quantification of nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase assay – Acetylene Reduction Activity
(ARA).
10. Estimation of organic acid production.
11. Estimation of available phosphorous in the medium.
12. Fungal bio-fertilizer-Mycorrhizae
13. Classification of mycorrhizae
14. VAM
15. Difference between ectomycorrhizae, versicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae.
16. Arbuscules
17. Vesicles
18. Mode of spore formation – arbuscular mycorrhizae at general level.
Om Sakthi
III year B.Sc. (Agri./Horti) – V Sem – Midsemester Examinations-2011
AGM 301 AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY (2+1)– 2007 Syllabus


Lazzaro
spallanzani
2) ________ was called “Father of Microbiology”

a) Louis Pasteur b) Antony Van c) Edward Jenner d) Richrard Petri
Leeuwenhoek

us Bacteria

a) Beijerinck b) Robert koch c) Alexander d) Robert
Flemming hooke
5) Penicillin is a
a) Antibiotic b) Stone c) Disinfectant d) None
6) Microbes entered the wound through air, hands, surgical instruments or band aids & cause

Flemming
8) _____ established role of microorganisms in N transformation process

a) Alexander b) Louis Pasteur c) Sergi Nikolaevitca d) Joseph
Fleming Winogradsky Lister
9) The antibiotics streptomycin, Neomycin, Actinomycin discovered by

A.Waksman Flemming

Filament charides
a) Vacuoles b) Spores c) Cytoplasmic inclusions d) DNA
12) Bacteria are those that grow best at temperatures 20 – 45°C is called
a) Aerobic b) Anaerobic c) Facultative Anaerobic d) Microaerophilic
bacteria bacteria organism organism
Answer all the questions PART – B 15 x 0.5 = 7.5
State True / False
45) Nitrogen, oxygen, Sulphur and phosphorous is required for the growth of bacteria
the autoclave
49) Mesomes present in fungus
52) Single flagellum at one end is called monopolarmonotrichous
microbial growth
microorganisms
Answer any FIVE PART – C 5x1=5

Write short notes

22) Selman A Waksman
Om Sakthi

Lazzaro
spallanzani
2) The process of intermittent heating and cooling to preserve food materials are to be known
as
a) Tyndallization b) Pasteurization c) Fermentation d) Both (a) and (b)
3) ________ was called father of microbiology

a) Louis Pasteur b) Antonym Van c) Edward Jenner d) Richrard Petri
Leeuwenhoek
4) Destroy a very high percentage of the microbial population in fruit juice & milk is called
a) Pasteurization b) Tyndallization c) Drying d) Sterilization
5) _________ is a silkworm disease

a) Blight disease b) Pebrine c) Yellow fever d) All of these

us Bacterium
7) Anthrax disease caused by

a) Clostridium b) Mycobacteriu c) Bacillus anthrax d) None
m leprae
8) Anthrax disease present in

a) Cattle & Sheep b) Dog c) Horse d) Both (b) and (c)

a) Berjerinck b) Robert koch c) Alexander d) Robert
Fleming hooke
10) Edward Jenner discovered

a) Vaccines b) Antibiotic c) Virus d) Bacteria
11) Tuberculosis caused by

a) Mycobacterium b) Mycobacterium c) Streptococcum d) None
leprae tuberculosis
12) Penicillin is a
a) Antibiotic b) Stone c) Disinfectant d) None
13) Streptomycin discovered from streptomyces griseous by

a) Selman A.Waksman b) Beijerink c) Fleming d) Joseph lister
14) Streptomycin is effective against

a) Tuberculosis b) Anthrax c) Typhoid d) None
15) Microbes entered the wound through air, hands, surgical instruments or band aids & cause
16) _____ called “Father of antiseptic surgery”

a) Joseph lister b) Beijerink c) Winogradsky d) Both (b) and (c)
17) Azospirillum isolated by

a) Louis Pasteur b) Joseph Lister c) Beijerink d) None

Fleming
19) _______ established the transformation of nitrogen

a) Joseph Lister b) Selman A.Waksman c) Beijerink d) Winogradsky
20) _______ called “Father of Soil Microbiology”

a) Serginikolacvitc b) Louis Pasteur c) Antonym Van d) None
a Winogradsky Leeuwenhock
21) _____ established role of microorganisms in N transformation

a) Alexander b) Louis Pasteur c) Serginikolacvitca d) Joseph Lister
Fleming Winogradsky
22) _______ developed the technique of enrichment culture

a) Alexander b) Robert c) Louis d) Winogradsky and
Fleming koch Pasteur Beijerink
23) “Principles of Soil Microbiology” published by ________

a) Joseph Lister b) Alexander c) Louis Pasteur d) Selman
Fleming A.Waksman
24) The antibiotics streptomycin, Neomycin, Actinomycin discovered by

A.Waksman Fleming
25) Cells divide in three planes in regular patern producing bunches of cocci is called
a) Staphylococci b) Diplococcus c) Streptococcus d) Tetracocci
26) ________ is a viscous material (or) substance forming a covering layer (or) envelop
around the cell wall
a) Cell membrane b) Mesosomes c) Capsule d) Inclusions
27) Flair like helical surface appendages emerging from cell wall, and provides motility of
microorganism is called
a) Plasmids b) Flagellum c) Pili d) Cytoplasm

Filament charides
29) Peptidoglycan layer contains

a) N-acetyl glucosamine & b) Pectin c) Fibrinogen d) None
N-acetyl muramic acid
30) Small hair like structure found in surface of cell wall and used for adhesion to the surfaces
is called
a) Pile b) Endoflagella c) Cell wall d) Cytoplasm
a) Vacuoles b) Spores c) Cytoplasmic inelusions d) DNA
32) _____ is define as the process by which an article, surface (or) medium is freed of all
microorganisms either in the vegetative or spore state
a) Sterilization b) Pasteurization c) Tyndallization d) All of these
33) Bacteria are those that grow best at temperature below 20°C or at 20°C (0 – 20°C) is called
a) Mesophiles b) Pshychrophiles c) Thermophiles d) None
34) Bacteria are those that grow best at temperature below 20 – 45°C is called
35) Bacteria grow best at above 45°C is called

36) Bacteria grow at extreme acidic condition is called

a) Neutrophiles b) Acidophiles c) Halophiles d) None
37) Bacteria grow at extreme alkaline condition is called

a) Acidophiles b) Halophiles c) Neutrophiles d) None

39) Organisms require a chemical compounds for their energy and are designated as
a) Chemotrophs b) Phototrophs c) Lithotrophs d) None
40) Organism require a radient energy or light energy is called ______

a) Phototrophs b) Chemotrophs c) Lithotrophs d) None
organism
42) ______ donot use oxygen to obtain energy; moreover, oxygen is toxic for them and they
cannot grow when incubated in an air atmosphere
organism
43) ______ require low levels of oxygen for growth

organism
45) ________ used in negative staining
a) Nigrosin b) Methylene c) Crystal violet d) Safranin
blue
Say true or false

60) Nitrogen, oxygen, Sulphur and phosphorous is equired for the growth of bacteria
61) Metal ions, vitamins and vitamin like compounds is required for the growth of bacteria
62) Water is more essential for all living organism
64) Rose Bengal agar is used for growth of bacteria
65) Kenknight’s agar is used for growth of fungus
the autoclave
67) Hot air is employed for sterilization
68) Sterilization by radiation referred as “cold sterilization”
69) Disinfectant is an agent, usually a chemical, that kills the growing forms but not
necessarily the resistant spore forms of disease producing microorganisms
71) Volutin granules also known as metachromatic granules
72) Plasmids are small extra chromosomal circular DNA Molecule
73) Bacteria are having ability to produce spores
74) Mesomes present in fungus
75) Gasvacuoles present in bacteria
76) Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organism
77) All algae are multicellular except BGA
79) Antony Van Leeuwen Hoek’s hobby is glass grinding and preparation of lenses
80) Year 1674 is “ birth year of microbiology”
81) Fractional sterilization of microbes is called “Tyndallization”
83) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in gram negative bacteria
84) Flagella is present all over the body is called peritrichous flagella
85) Single flagellum at one end is called monopolarmonotrichous
86) Capsule are having negatively charge ions
microbial growth
88) Lactobacillus is a bacteria, apparedasrods in chains
89) Vibrio cholera are curved rods
91) Sterilization is the process of destroying all forms of microbial life
93) Methylene blue, crystal violet, safranin used in simple staining and gram staining
techniques
94) M-ring attached in cytoplasms membrane
96) L-ring attached in hipopolysaccharides layer (or) outer membrane
97) Cells divide in two planes and form groups of four cells are called tetracocci
98) Bacteria do not require oxygen for growth, although they may use oxygen for energy
production if it is available are called facultative anaerobic bacteria
100) Incineration is the ultimate processes of destroying cells, and it is widely used to sterilize
inoculating loops, needles and for destruction of contaminated experimental animals
102) LTH (low temperature holding method) expose milk to a temperature of 145°F (62.8°C)
for 30 minutes
103) HTST (High Temperature Sheet Time method) process employs equipment capable of
exposing milk to a temperature of 161°F (71.7°C) for 15 seconds
microorganisms
Write short notes
28) Louis Pasteur
29) John Tyndall
30) Robert Koch and Koch’s postulates
31) Selman A Waksman
32) Beijerinck
33) Sergi Nikolacvitca Winogradsky
34) Structural Morphology and Arrangement of cells
36) Simple staining
37) Gram staining
39) Nutritional types of bacteria
40) Nutritional requirements for growth of bacteria
42) Oxygen and pH requirements for growth of microorganisms
43) Control of microorganisms by physical method of sterilization

Om Sakthi
Answer all the questions PART – A 15 x 0.5 = 7.5 Marks
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1) The first person to publish extensive, accurate observation of microorganisms was

Girolamo Antony Van
a) Lucretius b) c) Robert hooke d)
Frucastro Leeuwenhoek
2) --------------- isolated aerobic nitrogen fixing bacterium Azotobactor
a) Alexander b) Sersi c) Emil von Behning d) Jay Cloud
Fleming Winogradsky
3) The scientist who discovered the first antibiotic penicillin is
a) Shibasaburo b) Elie c) Fannie d) Alexander
Kitasato Metachnikoff Eilshemius Flemming
4) Vaccination against small pox was done first by

a) Edward Jenner b) Louis Pasteur c) Joseph Lister d) John Tyndall
5) An example for a basic dye is

a) Malachite green b) Rose Bengal c) Eosin d) Acid fuchsin
6) In gram staining iodine solution acts as a

a) Counter stain b) Acid stain c) Basic stain d) Mordant
7) Capsule staining is an example of

a) Basic staining b) Neutral c) Positive staining d) Negative staining
staining
8) ------------- are site of protein synthesis
a) Ribosomes b) Mitochondria c) Chromoplast d) Cell wall
9) ----------are required for conjugation

a) Flagella b) Pilli c) Both d) None of these
10) ----------- is needed for the synthesis of substances like cysteine and methionine
a) Sulphur b) Phosphorous c) Carbon d) None of these
11) UV rays causes damage to the DNA of biological system by disturping

a) Glycosidic b) hydrogen c) Peptide bonds d) None of these
bonding
12) Transfer of bacterial genome is done by

a) Sex pilli b) Plastids c) Mitochondria d) Ribosomes
13) The growth in which growth rate equals death rate is

a) Lag phase b) Log phase c) Stationery phase d) Death phase
14) An example for antifoaming agent

a) Inert silicon b) Yeast extract c) Vitamin B12 d) None of these
15) An example for symbiotic N fixing bacterium is

a) Azospirillum b) Phospho- c) Rhizobium d) Azotobacter
bacteria
Answer all the questions PART – B 15 x 0.5 = 7.5 Marks
SAY TRUE OR FALSE
105) UV rays cannot penetrate the glass

106) An example for acid dye is eosin
107) Counter staining is done by safranin for 1 min.
108) Radiation is refereed to as cold sterilization
109) Potato dextrose agar is used for the cultivation of bacteria
110) Autoclave is used for sterilizing heat sensitive items
111) The end product of glycolysis is glucose
112) Edward Jenner advanced the enrichment culture technique
113) Plasma membrane acts as an selective entry for biomolecules
114) Nitrifying bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing ammonia to nitrates
115) Ethylene oxide has both microbial and sporicidal activity
116) Antibiotics are produced in the secondary metabolic pathway
117) Lignite is not used as a carrier material
118) Phosphate enzyme is produced by Azospirillum sp
119) Lignite has an water holding capacity of 0.01%
Answer any FIVE of the following PART – C 5 x 1 = 5 Marks
WRITE SHORT NOTES
45) Bacterial flagella
46) Chemosynthetic bacteria
47) Facultative anaerobes
48) Electron microscope
49) Azotobacter
50) Metabolism
Om Sakthi
Answer all the questions PART – A 15 x 0.5 = 7.5 Hrs

1) The first person to publish extensive, accurate observation of microorganisms was
Girolamo Antony Van
a) Lucretius b) c) Robert hooke d)
Frucastro Leeuwenhoek
2) The scientist who devised swan neck flook used in his experiments on spontaneous
generation of microorganisms
a) Louis Pasteur b) Von Behring c) Richard Julius d) Kitastato and
Yersin
3) ________ used material from lower lesions to protect people against small pox.
a) Edward Jenner b) Charles c) Dimitri Ivanowki d) Richrard Petri
Chamberland
4) ________ isolated aerobic nitrogen fixing buterium Azotobactor

a) Alexander b) Sersi c) Emil von Behning d) Jay Cloud
Fleming Winogradsky
5) The scientist who discovered the first antibiotic penicillin is

a) Shibasaburo b) Elie c) Fannie d) Alexander
Kitasato Metachnikoff Eilshemius Flemming
6) Vaccination against small pox was done first by

a) Edward Jenner b) Louis Pasteur c) Joseph Lister d) John Tyndall
7) Iodine complexed with an organic carrier to form

a) Iodine oxide b) Iodophor c) Calcium Iodide d) Sodium Iodide
8) ---------------- is the ability of a lens to separate or distinguish between small objects

a) Resolution b) Abbe c) Resolving power d) Focal point
equation
9) An example for a basic dye is

a) Malachite green b) Rose Bengal c) Eosin d) Acid fuchsin
10) In gram staining iodine solution acts as a

a) Counter stain b) Acid stain c) Basic stain d) Mordant
11) Capsule staining is an example of

a) Basic staining b) Neutral c) Positive staining d) Negative staining
staining
12) An Endospore is an exceptionally resistant structure produced by some bacterial genera such as
a) Clostridium b) Rhizobium c) E. coli d) Aspergillus
13) Electron microscope has on practical resolution roughly ----------- times better than light
microscope
a) 10,000 b) 10 c) 100 d) 1000
14) ------------- are site of protein synthesis
a) Ribosomes b) Mitochondria c) Chromoplast d) Cell wall
15) The S in 70s stand for

a) Sudden units b) Smaller units c) Smart units d) Svedberg units
16) Extra chromosomal DNA molecules are called as

a) Chromosomes b) Plastids c) Plasmids d) None of the above
17) Most motile prokaryotes move by use of

a) Basal body b) Flagella c) Capsule d) Cell wall
18) ----------are required for conjugation

a) Flagella b) Pilli c) Both d) None of these
19) -----------found in most of the eukaryotic cells are called the ‘Power Houses’ of the cell
a) Golgi bodies b) Ribosomes c) Mesosomes d) Mitochordric
20) -------------use organic compounds as a source of energy

a) Chemohetero- b) Lithotrophs c) Both d) None of these
tropes
21) Gram staining was devised by ----------

a) Christian Gram b) Rudoff Gram c) Less Gram d) Vonbosch Gram
22) ----------- is needed for the synthesis of substances like cysteine and methionine
a) Sulphur b) Phosphorous c) Carbon d) None of these
23) --------, an ultimate process of destaining cells is used to sterilize inoculation loops, needles
a) Radiation b) Autoclave c) Filtration d) Incineration
24) A temperature of __________ for 15 min is the sterilizing condition in a autoclave

a) 121o F b) 121o C c) 180o C d) 180o F
25) UV rays causes damage to the DNA of biological system by disturping

a) Glycosidic b) hydrogen c) Peptide bonds d) None of these
bonding
26) -------------- supports the attachment of flagella

a) Cell membrane b) Cell wall c) Capsule d) Pilli
27) -----are invaginated structures formed my plasma membrane absent in cykeryotes

a) Plasmids b) DNA c) Ribosomes d) Mesosomes
28) Transfer of bacterial genome is done by

a) Sex pilli b) Plastids c) Mitochondria d) Ribosomes
29) An example for bacteria having petitrichous flagella is

a) Vibrio cholerae b) Pseudomonas c) Proteus vulgaris d) Azotobacter sp
sp
30) An example for photo organo heterotropes

a) Chlorobium sp b) Pseudomones sp c) Spirillum sp d) Aspergillus sp
31) The organisms, which lack the ability to synthesize a particular nutrients are called as
a) Symbiotic b) Free c) Fastidious d) None of these
32) An example for a crude form of carbon source is

a) Glucose b) Fructose c) Beef extract d) Cane molasis
33) The growth in which growth rate equals death rate is

a) Lag phase b) Log phase c) Stationery phase d) Death phase
34) An example for microaerophillic bacteria

a) Clostridium sp b) Neisseria c) Thermoactinomyc d) Vibrio sp
gonorrhoea ates sp
35) -------------include chemical reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler
ones for energy production
a) Anabolism b) Catabolism c) Both d) None of these
36) ----------- is liquid form is used to sterlize vaccines and serum

a) H2O2 b) Ethylene c) β-Propiolactone d) Gluloraldehyde
oxide
37) --------------phase is prolonged by low inoculum volume and age of cells

a) Lag phase b) Log phase c) Stationery phase d) None of these
38) An example for synthetic media is

a) Richard b) Potato c) Nutrient agar d) Soil extractor
medium dextrose agar
39) An example for antifoaming agent

a) Inert silicon b) Yeast extract c) Vitamin B12 d) None of these
40) An example for symbiotic N fixing bacterium is

a) Azospirillum b) Phospho- c) Rhizobium d) Azotobacter
bacteria
41) pH of a carrier material is neutralized by

a) CaCl2 b) CaCO3 c) NaCO3 d) Hcl
42) ------------- is used for illuminating objects under observation
a) Objective lens b) Eye piece c) Condenser d) None of these
43) The smallest distance by which two objects can be separated and distinguished as two
separate objects is called as
a) Limit of b) Numerical c) Magnification d) None of these
resolution
44) The net yield of ATP per glucose molecule in glycolysis is
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
45) The EMP pathway occurs in --------- of prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
a) Ribosomes b) Mesosomes c) Cell wall d) Cytoplasmic
matrix
Say true or false

120) Lucretius proposed spontaneous generation theory
121) Anthrax was caused by Bacillus anthracis
122) 1887 Lister discovered small pox vaccine
123) The antibiotic streptomycin was discovered by Waksman
124) Louis pasteur developed the pure culture technique
125) Numerical Aperture is green by the formula NA = ntan ө
126) UV rays cannot penetrate the glass
127) An example for acid dye is eosin
128) Gram negative organism will not loose CV-1 complex and they remain blue
129) Counter staining is done by safranin for 1 min.
130) Radiation is refereed to as cold sterilization
131) UV rays are an example for ionizing radiations
132) Serum, enzymes and bacterial toxins can be skrilized by filteration
133) An example for nitrogen source in a growth media is dextrose
134) Purification of bacteria can be made by streak plate method
135) Potato dextrose agar is used for the cultivation of bacteria
136) Lignite is used as a carried material
137) Quaternary ammonium compounds are detergents that have antimicrobial activity
138) Autoclave is used for sterilizing heat sensitive items
139) Ammonium nitrate is the nitrogen source used in Nitrogen free bromothymol blue (Nfb)
medium
140) Sodium hypochloride yields hypochlorous acid (HClO)) and atomic oxygen
141) Catabolism is the synthesis of complex organic compounds into simpler compounds
142) The end product of glycolysis is glucose
143) Acidophiles have their growth optimum at a pH range of 10 – 12
144) Microorganisms frequently charge to pH of their own habitat by producing acid / basic
metabolic waste products
145) Edward Jenner advanced the enrichment culture technique
146) Beijerink discovered the antibiotic neomycin
147) Capsule is responsible for characteristic shape of bacteria
148) Plasma membrane acts as an selective entry for biomolecules
149) DNA is not enclosed by any covering in prokaryotes
150) Aristotle discovered the pure culture technique
151) Nitrifying bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing ammonia to nitrates
152) Phenol causes disagreeable odour and skin irritation
153) Ethylene oxide has both microbial and sporicidal activity
154) In Kerb cycle pyruvate is converted to CO2 and NaOH
155) EMP pathway can operate only in the presence of oxygen
156) Antibiotics are produced in the secondary metabolic pathway
157) Trihalomethenes are considered to be carcinogenic.
158) Micro aerophiles require a oxygen concentration of 2 – 10%
159) In lag phase growth rate is dependent of nutrient concentration
160) Lignite is not used as a carrier material
161) In fluorescent microscopy acridine orange is used as a dye
162) Phosphatase enzyme is produced by Azospirillum sp
163) Pikovsky’s medium is used for the isolation of Rhizobium sp
164) Lignite has an water holding capacity of 0.01%
Write short notes
51) Contribution of Louis Pasteur
52) Bacterial flagella
53) Functions of cell wall
54) Chemosynthetic bacteria
55) Fermentation media
56) Stationary growth phase
57) Psychrophiles
58) Mechanism of heat tolerance in microorganisms
59) Facultative anaerobes
60) Differential staining
61) Resolving power of microscope
62) Numerical aparture
63) Electron microscope
64) Radiation as a sterilization agent
65) Mechanism of phosphate solubilization
66) Ethylene oxide as a chemical sterilant
67) Azotobacter
68) Metabolism
Om Sakthi
III year B.Sc. (Agri.) – V Sem – Midsemester Examinations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
True or False
1. Bacterial ribosomes are of 80 s False
2. BGA is an example of a photoautotrophic bacterium True
3. In negative staining, bacterial cells appear stained against colourless background False
4. In hot air oven the temperature 121ºC is used for sterilization of glasswares False
5. Life originating from preexisting life is abiogenesis False
6. Methanogens are typical examples of Archeobacteria True
7. Carbondioxide is the carbon source of chemoautotrophs True

8. The fungi having association with roots of higher plants is called Lichens False
9. The population which is uniform and constant to the native soil organic matter is
zymogeneous False
10. The organism which can able to grow at a very low temperature is called psychrophiles
True
11. Enrichment culture technique was developed by Robert Koch False
12. The endospore forming bacteria is Bacillus True
13. The optimum C:N ratio of humus is 10:1 True
14. The cell membrane shows infoldings which invade the cytoplasm is called as Ribosomes
False
15. The vaccination to prevent small pox was introduced by Joseph Lister False
Choose the best answer
1) Father of Microbiology is
Anton van Leewen hoek
Robert Koch
Joseph Lister
Edward Jenner
2) The most dominant group of microorganisms in soil is

Bacteria
Fungi
Actinomytes
Algae
3) The term Rhizosphere was coined by
Waksman
Rayner
Flemming
Hiltner
4) The cells divide in three planes in irregular pattern producing bunches of cocci is
Staphylococci
Sarcinae
Tetracocci
Diplococci
5) The antibiotic discovered by Alexander Flemming is

Penicillin
Cyclohexamide
Sterptomycin
Tetra cycline
6) The bacterial genus that can convert ammonia to nitrate is

Bacillus
Nitrosomonas
Nitrococcus
Nitrobacter
7) Single flagella at both the cell poles is called as
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Lophotrichous
8) Greater resolution is obtained by

Scanning electron microscope
Light Microscope
Phase contrast microscope
Transmission electron microscope
9) The term mycorrhiza was coined by

Rayner
Hiltner
Ruiner
A.B.Frank
10) In gram reaction the following compound is used as a counter stain

Alcohol
Saffranin
Crystal violet
Lugol’s Iodine
11) The site of Nitrogen fixation in blue green algae is

Heterocyst
Akinetes
Endogone
Hormogonia
12) Moist heat kills bacteria by

Protein Coagulation
Oxidation
Reduction
Dehydration
13) The free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria is
Azotobacter
Rhizobium
Azospirillium
Bacillus
14) Bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous material forming a envelope, which can be
visualized by microscope is called as
Microcapsule
Slime
Capsule
All of these
15) The process of heating a liquid food / grape juice at a controlled temperature of 62.8ºC for
30 minutes is called as
Pasteurization
Tyndallization
Prevention
Preservation
Brief answer (For Horti)
1. Robert Koch Postulates
2. Draw bacterial growth curve and explain log phase
3. Define sterilization and write the principles of autoclave
4. Distribution of Actinomycetes
5. Differential staining
6. Write the harmful interactions and explain any one of them.
Brief answer (For Agri)

1. Contributions of Anton Van Leewenhoek
2. Distribution of bacteria
3. Define sterilization and explain the principles involved in Hot air oven
4. Write the morphological structures of bacteria and explain anyone
5. Oxygenic photosynthesis
6. List out the beneficial interactions and explain any one of them.

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Om Sakthi

Adhiparasakthi Agricultural & Horticultural College, G.B.Nagar, Kalavai - 632 506

Answer all the questions PART – A 15 x 0.5 = 7.5

1. The term animalcule was coined by

a. Actinomycetes >Bacteria > Fungi c. Bacteria > Actinomycetes > Fungi

8. The red algae from which agar is extracted

9. Which of the following is an example of cyanobacteria

10. Site of Nitrogen fixation in blue green algae is

11. Fermentation of alcohol by certain yeast is

a. Aerobic process c. Microaerophilic process

a. Oxygen c. Inorganic molecules

13. In gram reaction the following compound is used as a counter stain

a. Absolute alcohol c. Lugol’s Iodine

14. Resolving power is high in

a. Light microscope c. Phase contrast microscope

15. The chemical substance that is the characteristics of endospores is

Adhiparasakthi Agricultural & Horticultural College, G.B.Nagar, Kalavai - 632 506

Answer all the questions PART – A 15 x 0.5 = 7.5

1) _______ disproved spontaneous generation

20) _______ called “Father of Soil Microbiology”

23) “Principles of Soil Microbiology” published by ________

28) Flagellum contains

29) Peptidoglycan layer contains

35) Bacteria grow best at temperature above 45°C is called

36) Bacteria grow at extreme acidic condition is called

37) Bacteria grow at extreme alkaline condition is called

38) _____ are the centres of protein synthesis

40) Organism require a radient energy or light energy is called ______

43) ______ require low levels of oxygen for growth

a) Aerobic b) Anaerobic c) Facultative d) Microaerophilic

Write short notes

5. Associative symbiotic nitrogen fixers are

6. Insoluble form of phosphate are converted into soluble form of phosphate by

7. Phosphate solubilizers secrete a)

8. Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum is a a)

9. BGA and Azolla is a a)

10. BGA fixing atmospheric nitrogen non-symbiotically mostly in a)

11. Nostoc and Anabaena are a)

12. Spirulina, Oscillatoria are a)

13. Aspergillus, Penicillium are a)

17. BGA produce

20. _______fix the atmosphere nitrogen in the nodules of leguminous crops a)

21. Azospirillum belongs to_________family.

22. Azospirillum grow in__________medium. a)

23. Cyanobacteria are a)

25. Bacillus polymyxa is a a)

26. ________is a unicellular, motile with peritrichous flagellated organism. a)

27. ________is pleomorphic in nature.

28. ________is a non-symbiotic/free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria.

29. ________is a endosymbiotic, obligate bacteria. a)

30. __________ is produced by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

31. ________organism use mono, di, polysaccharide as carbon source.

32. ________organism use mono, disaccharides as carbon source.

33. ________is a aerobic organism.

35. ________is Gram negative, non spore forming, microaerophilic organism. a)

36. Rhizobium grow in_________medium. a)

37. ________is a fast growing organism.

38. ________is a slow growing organism.

39. Bacillus grow in____________medium.

40. Pseudomonas grow in____________medium.

41. _________are nitrogen sources used by Azospirillum.

42. _________are nitrogen sources used by Azotobacter. a)

43. Rhizobium produce __________in groundnut plant.