MASTER

2 Check
Number skills
Strengthen Extend Test
Worked example
Find all the factors of 72.
1 × 72 Work systematically to find
P16 P18 P22 P26 2 × 36 the factor pairs.
3 × 24

2.1 Factors, primes and multiples

You will learn to:
4 × 18
6 × 12
8×9
72 does not divide by 5.

• Understand the difference between multiples, factors and primes Factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72 List all the factors in order.

• Find all the factor pairs of any whole number

• Find the HCF and LCM of two numbers.
5 Find all the factors of
a 48 b 56 c 104 d 100 e 36
Discussion What type of number has an odd number of factors?
Fluency
6 Problem-solving Hayley finds all the factors of a number.
CONFIDENCE

What are the missing numbers? Q7c Literacy hint

This is her list.
• 6 × u = 36 What factors do 8 and 12 have in
• u × 4 = 36 1, 2, 3, 4, u, 9, 12, 13, u, u, 36, 39, u, 78, u, 156, 234, 468
common?
• 12 × u = 36 Explore What are the missing numbers?
Why learn this? How many rows of bricks and how many
• u × 18 = 36 7 a Write down all the factors of 8. Key point
Astronomers use the LCM to work out rows of breeze blocks would you need to
• 1 × u = 36
when planets are going to be in line. make walls the same height? b Write down all the factors of 12. The highest common factor (HCF)
c Write down the common factors of 8 and 12. of two numbers is the largest number
that is a factor of both numbers.
d What is the highest common factor of 8 and 12?
Exercise 2.1
8 a Copy and complete this Venn diagram to show the factors of
1 Look at these numbers. Q1 hint 15 and 18.
2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 30
A multiple of 3 is a number in the Factors of 15 Factors of 18
Which of the numbers are 3 times table.
a multiples of 3 b multiples of 5 c factors of 40? A factor of 10 is a whole number that 5 2
divides exactly into 10. 1
2 Look at these numbers.
Warm up

4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36

a Which of the numbers are multiples of
i 4 ii 6 iii 4 and 6. b What is the HCF of 15 and 18?
b Copy and complete this Multiples of 4 Multiples of 6 9 Find the HCF of each pair of numbers.
Venn diagram.
Q2b Literacy hint a 6 and 9 b 20 and 24 c 6 and 18
Write each of the numbers 4
6
12 A Venn diagram shows sets of Discussion Is the HCF always one of the numbers?
in the correct section. 8
items.
10 Problem-solving / Reasoning In this number wheel, the HCF of
opposite numbers is equal to the number in the middle.
Use the numbers from the cloud to copy and complete the wheel.
3 Here is a list of numbers. Key point
Explain how you worked out your answers.
A prime number has exactly two
2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, 21, 25
factors, 1 and itself.
Which of the numbers are prime numbers?
Discussion Is a prime number always an odd number? Is an odd 18
60 12
number always a prime number? 24 30
Key point 54 6
4 a Write down all the factors of 28. A prime factor is a factor of a
b Write down all the prime factors of 28. number that is also a prime number.

1 Subject links: Technology (Q13, Q15) Unit 2 Number skills 2

 Check Strengthen Extend Test
MASTER P16 P18 P22 P26
11 a List the first 10 multiples of 3.

2.2 Using negative numbers

Key point
b List the first 6 multiples of 5.
The lowest common multiple
c Write down the common multiples of 3 and 5. (LCM) of two numbers is the
d What is the lowest common multiple of 3 and 5? smallest number that is a multiple of
You will learn to:
both numbers.
12 Reasoning The diagram shows four numbers • Add, subtract, multiply and divide positive and negative numbers.
4 5
linked by lines.
a Work out the LCM of each pair of linked

9
numbers.

8
7
Fluency

6
b Which pair of numbers has the largest LCM? 6 10

5
CONFIDENCE
Which is colder?

4
Explain why.

3
• 3 °C or −2 °C

2
c Which pairs of numbers have the same LCM? Explain why.

1
• −4 °C or −1 °C

0
Explore

21
13 STEM The diagram shows two cogs. The larger cog has 12 teeth

22
What is the difference between the
and the smaller cog has 8 teeth.
Why learn this? average temperatures on different
The cogs start to turn with the red dots next to each other. planets in the solar system?
The number line extends equally in the positive
What is the smallest number of turns each cog must make before the
and negative directions – infinitely.
red dots are next to each other again?
14 Problem-solving Sita draws this Venn diagram to work out the LCM
of two numbers.
Exercise 2.2
Multiples of Multiples of 1 What are the missing numbers on the thermometer?

54 99 4 3 2 1 0 1 3 4 6
30
81 18 90
75

Warm up
72 27 45 60
63
2 a The temperature is 6 °C. It gets 8 degrees colder.
9 15
36 What is the new temperature?
b The temperature is −7 °C. It gets 5 degrees warmer.
Copy and complete Sita’s statement. What is the new temperature?
The LCM of u and u is u
3 Which sign, < or >, goes between each pair of numbers?
a 3 u −2 b −4 u −1 c 5 u −8 d −10 u −11
Investigation Problem-solving
A red light flashes every 6 seconds. 4 Use this number line to work out
A blue light flashes every 8 seconds.
Work with a partner to answer these questions. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Both lights flash at the same time. How many seconds until they flash at the same time again? a 7 – 12 b −9 + 15 c −2 – 7 d −10 + 8
2 Explain how you can work out all the times when the lights flash together.
3 A purple light flashes every 7 seconds and a yellow light flashes every 9 seconds. Which pair of lights 5 a Copy and complete these patterns.
will flash together most within 1 minute? i 2+3=5 ii 2 – 3 = −1
2+2=u 2–2=u
2+1=u 2–1=u
15 Explore How many rows of bricks and how many rows of breeze
2+0=u 2–0=u
Explore

blocks would you need to make walls the same height?

2 + −1 = u 2 – −1 = u
Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the
2 + −2 = u 2 – −2 = u
lesson? What further information do you need to be able to answer
2 + −3 = u 2 – −3 = u
this?
b Reasoning Which sign, + or −, is missing from each statement?
Q5b hint
16 Reflect Write your own short definition for each of these i 2 + −3 is the same as 2 u 3.
mathematical words: Numbers without a sign in front of
Reflect

ii 2 – −3 is the same as 2 u 3.
highest lowest common factor multiple them are positive. So 2 – 3 is 2 – +3.
c Copy and complete these rules
Now use your definitions to write (in your own words) the meaning of: replace + + with + replace + − with u
highest common factor lowest common multiple replace – + with u replace – – with u

3 Delta 1, Section 2.1 Unit 2 Number skills 4

 6 Work out 14 Problem-solving Here are some number cards.
Q6a hint
a 8 + −6 b −4 + 9 c −12 + −3 d −3 – −7 5 3 7 9 4
8 + −6 = 8 – 6 = u
7 STEM The table shows the melting point and boiling Which cards make the calculation  
point of four compounds. a with the greatest possible answer
Compound Melting Boiling
a What is the difference between the melting point and point (°C) point (°C) b with the smallest possible answer?
the boiling point of
nitric acid −42 83 15 Real / Reasoning The table shows the average minimum temperature in
i nitric acid nitrogen chloride −40 71 10 cities in January.
ii sulphur dioxide? nitrogen oxide −163 −152 City Budapest Canberra Ellsworth Harare Imst Madrid Nuuk Oslo Ottawa Stanley
b Work out the range of the melting point temperatures. sulphur dioxide −75 −10 Temperature (°C) −4 13 −18 17 −6 3 −11 −7 −14 7
c Work out the range of the boiling point temperatures.
a Work out the range in temperatures.
8 Problem-solving Here are some number cards. b Work out the mean temperature.
5 3 7 9 4 Plymouth has a minimum temperature of 5 °C.
Bucharest has a minimum temperature of −5 °C.
a Which cards make the calculation   These two cities are added to the list above.
i with the greatest possible answer c How do these two temperatures affect the range you found in part a?
ii with the smallest possible answer? d How do these two temperatures affect the mean you found in part b?

b Which cards make the calculation  

Investigation Reasoning
i with the greatest possible answer Here is part of a number grid.
1 2 3 4 5
ii with the smallest possible answer? 1 A cross of five numbers is shaded green (A).
Copy and complete these calculations for the green cross: A 6 7 8 9 10
9 a Copy and complete these patterns.
left + right = −6 + −8 = u
i 2×3=6 ii −2 × 3 = −6 top + bottom = −2 + −12 = u 11 12 13 14 15
2×2=4 −2 × 2 = −4 2 × centre = 2 × −7 = u 16 17 18 19 20 B
2×1=u −2 × 1 = u 2 What do you notice about your three answers to part 1?
2×0=u −2 × 0 = u 3 Do the same for the cross of numbers shaded 21 22 23 24 25
2 × −1 = u −2 × −1 = u a blue (B) b red (C).
C 26 27 28 29 30
2 × −2 = u −2 × −2 = u 4 What do you notice about your answers to part 3?
2 × −3 = u −2 × −3 = u 5 Does this pattern work for any cross on this grid? 31 32 33 34 35
6 Investigate crosses of five squares on different number grids.
b Reasoning Copy and complete these rules. For example, rows of 6, 9, 12 etc. 36 37 38 39 40
positive × positive = positive positive × negative = _______ 7 What do you notice about your answers?
negative × positive = _______ negative × negative = _______ 8 What happens if you make crosses in a grid with a top row −6 to −1?
9 What about −7 to −1?
10 Work out
a 4 × −5 b −7 × 2 c −6 × −5 d 3 × −6
e −4 × −4 f −3 × 2 × 4 g 5 × −3 × −2 h −7 × −3 × −10 16 Explore What is the difference between the average temperatures on different

Explore
Q11 hint
planets in the solar system?
11 Problem-solving Juan writes this question to go with the calculation The question could be about money, Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
3 × −15 = −45. temperature, distance below sea
What further information do you need to be able to answer this?
Anna and John are divers. Anna dives three times as deep as John. level or ground level, etc.
17 Reflect Mihir and Zane discuss what is different or the same about negative
John dives 15 m below sea level. How deep does Anna dive?
and positive numbers.
Write a question to go with this calculation: 4 × −25 = −100. Key point Mihir says, ‘Negative numbers get smaller the further you get from zero,
12 Copy and complete these number facts. Division is the inverse of but positive numbers get bigger.’

Reflect
multiplication. Zane says, ‘When you multiply two negative numbers you get a positive answer
a 8 × −2 = −16 b −8 × 2 = −16 c −8 × −2 = 16
Multiplication is the inverse of
−16 ÷ −2 = 8 −16 ÷ 2 = u 16 ÷ −2 = u and when you multiply two positive numbers, you get a positive number answer
division.
−16 ÷ 8 = u −16 ÷ −8 = u 16 ÷ −8 = u positive ÷ positive = positive
as well.’
positive ÷ negative = negative Look back at what you have learned in this lesson about negative numbers.
13 Work out
negative ÷ positive = negative What else is different about working with positive and negative numbers?
a 20 ÷ −5 b −12 ÷ 2 c −16 ÷ −4 d 30 ÷ −6
negative ÷ negative = positive What else is the same?
e −24 ÷ 4 f −36 ÷ −12 g 5 ÷ −5 h −7 ÷ −7

5 Topic links: Range, Mean Subject links: Science (Q7), Geography (Q15) Delta 1, Section 2.2 Unit 2 Number skills 6
 Check Strengthen Extend Test
MASTER P16 P18 P22 P26

2.3 Multiplying and dividing

Worked example
Work out 326 ÷ 14 using long division.
Estimate the answer first.
You will learn to: Estimate: 326 ÷ 14 is roughly 330 ÷ 15 = 22
• Use mental and written strategies for multiplication
2 ...
_____
• Divide a 3-digit integer by a 2-digit integer. 2 × 14 = 28. So 14 goes into Key point
)
14 326 32 twice. 6 – 0 = 6, You can divide a 3-digit number by a
– 28 2 × 14 = 28 so bring down 6.
46 2-digit number using long division.
Fluency
23
CONFIDENCE

Round these numbers to the _____

nearest 10. 14 ) 326 Try multiplying 14 by different numbers
• 23 – 28 2 × 14 = 28 to get close to 46. 3 × 14 = 42
• 69 46
Explore
• 471 – 42 3 × 14 = 42
Why learn this? Estimate the cost of a day out. 4 is less than 14, so
• 395 4
If you estimate the total cost of a day out, you the remainder is 4.
can make sure you take enough money to pay. 326 ÷ 14 = 23 remainder 4
Check your answer.
Check: 23 remainder 4 is close to 22 ✓

Exercise 2.3 7 Work out

1 Work out a 756 ÷ 12 Q7 hint
a 4×7+9 b 10 – 14 ÷ 7 c 5×7–4×8 Q1 hint b 832 ÷ 26
Estimate first. Use your estimate to
Warm up

Use the priority of operations to do c 925 ÷ 37

2 Work out check your answer.
calculations: d 966 ÷ 42
a 135 ÷ 3 b 312 ÷ 6 c 1952 ÷ 8
• Brackets
8 Work out
3 Work out • Indices
a 999 ÷ 14
a 15 × 81 b 22 × 23 c 46 × 13 • Multiplication and Division
• Addition and Subtraction b 485 ÷ 21
4 a Estimate the answer to each of these by rounding to the nearest 10. c 432 ÷ 17
i 23 × 37 ≈ 20 × u = u d 836 ÷ 48
ii 18 × 72 Q4 Literacy hint 9 These are the ages of 14 members of a dance club.
iii 39 × 64 In maths, estimation means using
16 18 15 15 20 19 24
b Work out the accurate answers to the calculations in part a. rounded values to do the calculation.
≈ means ‘is approximately equal to’
12 25 13 24 22 21 22
Use your estimates to check your answers.
Work out the mean age.
5 Work out

Explore
a 24 × 8 b 12 × 16 c 6 × 32 d 3 × 64 10 Explore Estimate the cost of a day out.
Discussion What do you notice about your answers? Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
Why has this happened? What further information do you need to be able to answer this?
6 Problem-solving / Reasoning In these number wheels, opposite
11 Reflect Adele and Fiona are discussing division.
numbers multiply to give the number in the middle.

a Copy and complete the number wheels.
i ii
50
Reflect
Adele says, ‘Division means sharing between people.’
Fiona says, ‘Division means grouping into multiples.’
Look at your division answers in this lesson. Who do you agree with?
30 60
Write down what division means to you.

25 36 480

7 Topic links: Mean, Area Delta 1, Section 2.3 Unit 2 Number skills 8
 Check Strengthen Extend Test
MASTER P16 P18 P22 P26
6 Reasoning The area of a square is 100 cm2.

2.4 Squares and square roots Amisha says ‘The side length of the square could be 10 cm or −10 cm.’
Ishan says ‘The side length of the square can only be 10 cm.’
Who is correct? Explain your answer.
You will learn to:
7 Check each of these calculations is correct by using the Q8 hint
• Use index notation for squares and square roots ____
inverse operation. ____ ____
• Calculate with squares and square roots. a Work out √196.
a 142 = 196 b 2.52 = 6.25 c √2116 = 46 d √12.96 = 3.6 c Work out 462.

Worked example ____

Fluency Work out an estimate of √55.
______ ______ 55 is between 49 and 64
CONFIDENCE

Work out √49 = 7 and √64 = 8

______
• 5×5
√55 lies between 7 and 8 55 is closer to 49 than 64, so
• 8×8 estimate just less than 7.5
• 0.3 × 3 Explore Estimate is 7.4
Why learn this? What is the best way to arrange 8000 seats
Square numbers are used when you work out, • 0.3 × 0.3
into square blocks for a music concert? 8 a Work out an estimate for these square ____
roots.
the projectile of a football, or the equivalence of • 0.5 × 5 ____ ____ ____ Q10a hint
mass and energy, or the area you need to tile. • 0.5 × 0.5 i √20 ii √5 iii √79 iv √90
Use your table from Q4 to help you.
b Check your estimates by working out the accurate square roots
on a calculator.
Exercise 2.4 9 a Work out
i 22 ii 202 iii 2002 iv 0.22
1 Which numbers from this list can be arranged as dots in a square?
Discussion What do you notice about your answers to part a?
Warm up

2 4 8 12 16 20 24 36 42 49 55
b Work out
2 Work out i 502 ii 9002 iii 40002 iv 0.62
a −2 × −2 b −4 × −4 c −9 × −9 10 Work____out ____ ____ ____ ____
3 a Work out the area of these squares. a √36 b √9 × √4 c √324 d √784
i ii 9 cm iii 12 cm Discussion What do you notice about your answers to parts a and b?
8 cm Key point
To find the square of a number you Investigation Reasoning
9 cm
12 cm multiply it by itself. The diagram shows four pyramids made from balls.
8 cm
3 × 3 = 32 = 9

Pyramid: 1 2 3 4
Discussion How do you find the area of a square using the length of one side? 1 Copy and complete this table

4 a Copy and complete this table showing all the square numbers from 1 to 15. Pyramid 1 2 3 4
Number of balls 2
1 =1 2
1 +2 =u2
12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 102 112 122 132 142 152
Q4 Literacy hint 2 How many balls will be in
1 4
32 means ‘3 squared’. a pyramid 5 b pyramid 6?
b Use your table in part a to write down the answers to these. 3 Explain how you can work out the number of balls in pyramid 12 without working out the number of balls in
____ ____ ____ ____
i √64 ii √121 iv √169 iii √225 pyramids 1 to 11 first.
Hint
Discussion Is there another square root of 64, 121, 169, 225?
What is −8 × −8? 11 Explore What is the best way to arrange 8000 seats into square blocks

Explore
5 a Copy and complete. for a music concert?
i 4×4=u ii 7×7=u Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the lesson?
−4 × −4
____ = u −7 × −7
____ = u What further information do you need to be able to answer this?
√
so, 16 = u or u √
so, 49 = u or u Key point
The inverse of square is square root. 12 Reflect Think about the square of 100 and the square root of 100.

Reflect
c Write down both answers to each of these.
____ ____ ____ 32 = 3____× 3 = 9, so the square root of Which is 10 and which is 10 000? Make sure you know the difference
i √25 ii √81 iii √9 9 = √9 = 3 between these two terms.
Discussion Can square numbers be positive or negative? Write down a definition in your own words to help you remember.

9 Topic links: Area, Range Delta 1, Section 2.4 Unit 2 Number skills 10
 Check Strengthen Extend Test
MASTER P16 P18 P22 P26
8 Work out

2.5 More powers and roots a 42 – 12 b 3 + 92 c 4 × 32 + 5 Key point

____
____ √100 Work out squares, cubes, square
62
d – 15 e √49 + 5 × 8 f + 102 roots and cube roots before
4 2
You will learn to: multiplication and division. Addition
9 Work out and subtraction come last.
• Carry out calculations involving squares, cubes, square roots and cube roots 103
a 3 × 23 b 103 × 5 c
• Use factorising to work out square roots and cube roots 500
• Solve word problems using square roots and cube roots. ____
40
d e 4 × 3√64 f 324____
23 √8

Fluency 10 Work out

a 50 – 33 b 43 + 62 c 6 × 23 – 18
CONFIDENCE

Work out
____
• 52____ 20
Why learn this? d 4 × 3√1000 – 35 e 3 ____ – 22
• √36 √125
Scientists can use
square roots to Explore
estimate how long an For how long are you falling in a bungee 11 Use a calculator to work out Q11 hint
object takes to fall. jump from the Sidu River Bridge in China? a 73 + 27 b 2 × 83 – 624 c 6 × 103 – 4 × 93
____ Use the
3
and xy buttons on
____ 3 ____
√1728 3
3
d 4 × √729 + 4 e –2 f 4 × √216 – 5 2
your calculator.
6
12 STEM / Modelling You can estimate the time it will take an object to
fall using this flowchart.
Exercise 2.5
Height Find the
1 Work out object is Divide
square Time
dropped height
a 5×5×5 b 3×3×3 by 5 root (seconds)
from (m)
c −1 × −1 × −1 d −4 × −4 × −4 Key point
Warm up

You can use index notation to write

2 Work out Work out the time it will take a ball to drop from these heights.
a number to a power or index.
a 7+5×9 b 14 –
8
c 3×4+7×5 d
45
− 30 a 80 m b 125 m c 405 m
2 5 5 The power tells you how many times
the number is multiplied by itself. 13 Problem-solving / Reasoning One number is missing from this list.
3 Write these calculations using index notation. 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 ____ 8002
√49 × 40 302 10 × 52 u
a 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 3u b 2×2×2×2×2 c 7×7×7 23 is ‘2 to the power 3’. 1000
3 is the power. The range of the numbers is 800.
4 Match each cube number in the cloud to a number written in a Work out the missing number.
index notation in the other cloud. b Is there only one possible answer to part a? Explain why.
____ Q14 hint
1000 Key point
8 1
43 63 14 Problem-solving Work out 3√512.
216 33 53 To find the cube of a number, Work out which two cube numbers
64 23 13 multiply to give 512.
27 125 103
multiply it by itself 3 times. 15 Problem-solving 13 824 = 8 × 27 × 64
____
Use this fact to work out 3√13 824.
5 Work out these powers of 10.
Key point 16 Explore For how long are you falling in a bungee jump from the Sidu
a 103 b 105 c 104 d 106

Explore
The inverse of cube is cube root ____
. River Bridge in China?
3
6 Work out 23 = 8, so the cube root of 8 is √8 = 2. Is it easier to explore this question now you have completed the
____ ____ ____
a 3√27 b √125 c 3√1000 lesson? What further information do you need to be able to answer
____ ____ ____ this?
d 3√1 e 3√−8 f 3√−64 Q6e hint ____
17 Reflect The √ part of the root symbol began as an old-fashioned Q17 hint

Reflect
7 Work out the missing numbers. u×u×u=8
____ ____ ____ u × u × u = −8 letter r in the 16th Century. You could remember r for root! ‘Notation’ means the signs and
a 3√216 × 3√8 × 3√27 = 2 × u = u List all the mathematics notation used in this lesson, and ways you symbols you use.
____ ____ ____
b 3√8000 × 3√64 × 3√125 = u × u = u might remember it.
____ ____ ____
c 3√1728 × 3√27 × 3√64 = u × u = u

11 Topic links: Area Subject links: Science (Q12) Delta 1, Section 2.5 Unit 2 Number skills 12
 Check Strengthen Extend Test
MASTER P16 P18 P22 P26

2.6 Calculations
Worked example
a (2 × 3 + 5)2 Work out the value inside the
brackets first. Start with 2 × 3 = 6
(2 × 3 + 5)2 = (6 + 5)2
You will learn to: = (11)2
• Estimate answers to complex calculations Now add the 6 and 5.
= 121 Key point
• Carry out calculations involving brackets. ______ Finally work out 11 . 2 When a calculation has brackets,
_6_ work out the calculation inside the
b 27 −
3 brackets first.
______
The square root sign acts like brackets.
_____
6 Work out the value inside it first.
Fluency 27 − __ = √27 − 2
3 _____
CONFIDENCE

Which of these numbers are

• square numbers = √25 Now work out 27 – 2.
• cube numbers =5
• neither? Explore Finally work out the square root of 25.
81 10 27 125 15 64 9 24 How can you calculate all the numbers
Why learn this? from 1 to 20 using only the number 4?
Brackets help to split a calculation up into
separate parts. 7 Work out
a (10 – 8)2 b (1 + 2 × 4)2
____
c (28 – 4)2 d √21 − 5
Exercise 2.6 4 Q7e hint

e (−2)3 f (−5)3 −2 × −2 × −2
1 Round each number to the nearest whole number.
______
a 6.7 b 3.2 c 9.1 d 5.5 ____
12
__
g √50 + 2 × 7 h +6
4
2 Round each number to the nearest 10.
a 27 b 43 c 75 d 56 8 Real / Modelling Sally works out
Warm up

the speed of a zorb at the bottom

3 Work out
18 20 of slopes of different heights.
a 5+3×8 b – 10 c 7×2+ 5
3 She uses the rule height
____
d 52 + 6 e 33 – 3 f 42 + 23 speed = √20 × height of slope
4 Write these values in ascending order. Q4 Literacy hint Speed is measured in metres per
_ _ _ _
√9 + 12 3
√64 − 8 √36 − 3√27 Numbers in ascending order go second.
Q8a hint
from smallest to largest. Height is measured in metres. ____
5 a Estimate the answer to each calculation. Work out the speed of the zorb when the height of the slope is speed = √20 × 5 = u
i 22 + 5.2 × 41 ≈ 20 × 5 × u = u ii 65 × 32 – 24 × 73
Q5a hint a 5m b 55 m c 210 m
51
iii 9.2 × 4.6 × 1.8 – 48.9 iv 32.5 – Round numbers less than 10 to the
4.7
46.7 63 29 nearest whole number. Round larger Investigation Problem-solving
v + 3.2 × 4.9 vi − numbers to the nearest 10.
6.15 8.1 8.7 The diagram shows two squares.
1 Work out the area of each square.
b Use a calculator to work out the accurate answers to the calculations
2 Work out the total area of the two squares.
in part a. Q5b hint 3 cm 4 cm
3 Sita writes: 32 + 42 = (3 + 4)2
Use your estimates to check your answer. Is Sita correct? Explain.
Use the priority of operations.
4 Is Sita’s statement true for different size squares?
6 Problem-solving Su wants to order this take away meal.
She has £25.
Does she have enough? 9 Work out these calculations. Check your answers using a calculator.
__ _
Satay chicken £4.80 Boiled rice 2 × £1.10 a 3 × (√81 – 7) b (22 + √9)2 Q9 hint
__
Crispy duck £6.10 Chow mein 2 × £2.90 c 102 – (45 + √25) d (5 × 6 – 26)3 Use the ( and ) buttons on
Thai beef £5.20 Spring rolls 3 × £1.85 your calculator.
e 53 + (4 – 2)3 f 2 × 33 + 10

13 Topic links: Area Subject links: Science (Q8) Unit 2 Number skills 14
 Master Strengthen Extend Test
P1
CHECK P18 P22 P26
10 Work out
Q10 hint
8 + 22 6 + 42 33 − 32
a
7−2
__
b
2
____
c
2×3 The dividing line of the fraction acts
like a bracket. 2 Check up Log how you did on your
Student Progression Chart.
√81 √144 − 2 62 ___
−6 8 + 22
d e f 7 − 2 = (8 + 22) ÷ (7 – 2)
12 − 9 5 3
√27
11 Problem-solving
a Match each question card with the correct answer card.
Check your answers using a calculator.
Working with numbers
3 3 3
1 a Write down all the factors of 12.
33 1 32 13 2 ( 125 1 3) 8 3 (11 2 1000) 40 1 24
b Write down all the factors of 18.
c Which of the factors of 12 are prime numbers?
4 5 6 7 8
d What is the highest common factor of 12 and 18?
b There is one answer card left over. Write a question card to go with
2 What is the lowest common multiple of 6 and 8?
this answer card.
The question must include a cube root or a square root. 3 Work out
a 612 ÷ 18 b 463 × 21 c 837 ÷ 16
12 Work out
a 3 × (7 + 8)2 b 32 × (7 + 8) c (3 × (7 + 8))2 4 Work out
a 12 − −4 b 3 + −7 c −2 + 8
13 Write these numbers in descending order.
d −15 + −4 e −2 − −5 f −8 − −12
2 3
25 1 22 3×2 23 2 1 64 + 8 52 2 42
5 Work out
a 6 × −3 b −9 × 4 c −8 × −7
14 Reasoning Rewrite each calculation using only the brackets that are
d 20 ÷ −5 e −28 ÷ 7 f −15 ÷ −5
needed.
a (3 × (2 × 5)2) b (3 × (2 × 5)) 6 Work out an estimate for these calculations.
a 31 + 2.9 × 28 b 10 + 31 ÷ 11
15 Explore How can you calculate all the numbers from 1 to 20 using only
Explore

the number 4? Powers and roots

Look back at the maths you have learned in this lesson.
How can you use it to answer this question? 7 Work out
a 104 b 23
16 Reflect In this lesson you were asked to estimate. ___
c 72 d √36
Suzie says, ‘Estimating is the same as guessing.’ ____ ___
Reflect

Do you agree with Suzie? e 3√125 f √64

_______
3
Write down a definition of how you ‘estimate’ in maths. g √−125
How might estimating be used in other subjects and in everyday life? 8 Write down two square roots of 81.
___
9 Write down an estimate for √38.
10 Work out
82
a 10 × 33 b
2
11 Work out
80
a 8 × 23 − 4 b − 22
23
___
___ 3
√125
3
c 10 × √27 − 14 d +7×5
5
12 576 = 16 × 36
____
Use this fact to work out √576.
13 3375 = 27 × 125
______
3
Use this fact to work out √3375 .

15 Delta 1, Section 2.6 Unit 2 Number skills 16

 Master Check STRENGTHEN Extend Test
P1 P16 P22 P26

Working with brackets

14 Work out
a (3 × 2 + 4)2
_________
b √50 − 14
2 Strengthen
__ ____
c 2 × (√4 + 9) d (32 − √16)2
You will:
• Strengthen your understanding with practice.
e 43 − (8 − 5)3

15 Work out
58 34 37
a 28.3 – b −
6.1 7.2 8.7
Working with numbers
16 Work out
45 − 5 36 − 8 1 List all the numbers from 1 to 30.
a b Q1 hint
2+6 22 Cross out 1 Cross out all the multiples of 2 (apart from 2)
___ ___ Cross out all the multiples of 3 (apart from 3) Continue like this. A prime number only divides exactly
3
√100 √125 + 13
c d The numbers left should all be prime. by 1 and itself.
12 − 7 32 1 is not a prime number.
Check that they are.
17 Work out
2 Steve is finding the common factors of 16 and 20.
a (3 + 1) × 52
a Copy and complete his working. Q2a hint
b (3 + 1)2 × 5
Factors of 16: 1, 2, …, …, … Circle the numbers that are the same
c ((3 + 1) × 5)2
Factors of 20: 1, 2, …, …, …, … in both lists. These are the common
18 How sure are you of your answers? Were you mostly Common factors: 1, …, … factors.
b What is the highest common factor of 16 and 20?
Reflect

Just guessing Feeling doubtful Confident

What next? Use your results to decide whether to strengthen or 3 Find the highest common factor of 24 and 30. Q3 hint
extend your learning. 4 a Copy and complete this list of multiples of 3 that are less than 40. Follow the same steps as Q2.
3, 6, 9, …, …, …, …, …, …, …, …, …, …,
b Copy and complete this list of multiples of 4 that are less than 40.
Challenge 4, 8, 12, …, …, …, …, …, …,
Q4c hint
19 a Work out the HCF of 48 and 56. Circle the numbers that are the same
c Write down the common multiples of 3 and 4 that are less than 40.
b Write down three other pairs of numbers that have the same HCF in both lists. These are the common
d Write down the lowest common multiple of 3 and 4
as your answer to part a. multiples.
5 Find the lowest common multiple of 6 and 10.
20 In this spider diagram, the four calculations give the answer in the
middle. 6 Work out these multiplications. Q5 hint
The first one has been started for you.
Follow the same steps as Q4.
4 3 22 3 2 a 372 × 28 372
b 461 × 39 × 28
28
c 729 × 13 uuu 6 Work out 372 × 8 in this row
4 1 3 uu 4 0 Work out 372 × 20 in this row
Add
Work out three possible sets of missing values.
7 a Copy and complete this list of the first nine multiples of 24.
21 Here are some number cards. 1 × 24 = 24 2 × 24 = 48 3 × 24 = 72
4 × 24 = u 5 × 24 = u 6 × 24 = u
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 × 24 = u 8 × 24 = u 9 × 24 = u
What number cards can you use so that b Copy and complete this long division calculation to work out 912 ÷ 24.
2 3 3u
_____
1 1 2 5 24 ) 9 1 2 Q7b hint
−72 3 × 24 = 72
a has the biggest possible answer 1 9 2 Use the 24 times-table you calculated
b has the smallest possible answer? −1 9 2 u × 24 = 192 in part a to help you.
0

17 Unit 2 Number skills 18

 8 Work out 690 ÷ 15. 3 Work out these calculations.
Q8 hint Q3a hint
_____ a 5 × 23 = 5 × u × u × u = u
15 ) 6 9 0 Write out the first nine multiples of 15 Work out numbers with an index
first.
b 32 × 6 before multiplication or division.
9 Shannon works out 622 ÷ 12 like this. 42
c
51 2
_____
12 ) 622 d
250
– 60 (12 × 5 = 60) 53
22 Q4 hint
– 12 (12 × 1 = 12) 4 Work out these calculations.
Work out multiplication or division
10 Parts a and c have been started for you.
before addition or subtraction.
a 13 + 33 = 13 + 3 × u × u × u = u
622 ÷ 12 = 51 remainder 10
b 4 × 32 − 22
She checks her answer using a bar model. 622
16 16
Use Shannon’s method to work out c 3 + 42 = +u×u=u+u×u=u Q4d hint
51 3 12 5 612 10 2 u
___ ___
967 ÷ 15. Check your answer. 3 3
Work out √64 first. Then do the
Remainder
d 8 × √64 − 12
__ multiplication. Finally the subtraction.
3
√27
10 Work out 449 ÷ 14. e +4×9
3
11 Eleri sets out his additions and subtractions with negative numbers 45
f 3 ____ − 52
like this. Q11a hint √125

7 + –4 = 7 – 4 = 3 (replace + – with –) Circle the two signs in the middle.

5 a Copy and complete these square roots.
9 – –6 = 9 + 6 = 15 (replace – – with +) Replace different signs with −. _ _ ___ ___
Replace the same signs with +. √4 = 2 √9 = 3 √16 = u √25 = u
Work out these. Set out your work like Eleri. ___ ___ ___ ___
a 4 + −2 b 10 − −5 c −10 + −6 √36 = u √49 = u √64 = u √81 = u
____
d −9 − −10 e −8 − 7 f −3 − 11 Q11e hint b Complete the workings to calculate √729 .
Start at −8, count back 7. Use the fact that 729 = 9 × 81.
12 Eleri sets out his multiplications and divisions with negative numbers
like this. 729 = 9 × 81
_________
___ ____
6 × –2 numbers: 6 × 2 = 12, + × – – answer: –12 √ 729 = √ 9 × √81
–16 ÷ –4 … numbers: 16 ÷ 4 = 4, – × – + answer: 4 Q12a hint =3×u
Work out these. Set out your work like Eleri. Different signs → negative answer =u
Q5c hint
a 7 × −4 b −8 × 3 c −4 × −5 Same signs → positive answer c 1764 = 36 × 49 ______ ___ ___
____ √1764 = √36 × √49 = u×u=u
d 8 ÷ −2 e −30 ÷ 6 f −12 ÷ −4 Use this fact to work out √1764.
13 Estimate the answer to each calculation. Q13a hint d 2025 = 25 × 81
____
73 52 61 29 38 Round the ‘bottom’ number. Use this fact to work out √2025.
a b c 19.2 – d +
8.7 6.9 8.8 6.4 5.1 8.7 ≈ 9
Then round the ‘top’ number to a 6 a Complete these cube roots.
__ ____ ______ ________
multiple of 9.
Powers and roots 3
√8 = 2 3
√64 = u 3
√125 = u 3
√1000 =
______
u Q6a hint
3 ______ __ ______
1 Work out the missing numbers b Complete the workings to calculate √512 . 3
√8000 = 3√8 × 3√1000 = u×u=u
Q1 hint Use the fact that 512 = 8 × 64.
a 82 = 8 × u = u b 33 = 3 × u × u = u
43 ← index 512 = 8 × 64
c uu = 7 × 7 = u d uu = 5 × 5 × 5 = u 3
________ ___ ____
The index tells you how many 4s are √ 512 = 3√ 8 × 3√64
e uu = 9 × u = u f uu = 2 × u × u = u multiplied together.
43 = 4 × 4 × 4
=2×u
2 a Copy and complete this number line. =u
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c 8000 = 8 × 1000
Q2b hint ____
1 4 9 3
6 7
Use this fact to work out √8000.
b Use the number line to estimate a value for these square roots. d 3375 = 27 × 125
____ ____ ____ 36 49 ____
i √45 ii √18 iii √95 45 3
Use this fact to work out √3375.

19 Unit 2 Number skills 20

 Master Check Strengthen Test
P1 P16 P18
EXTEND P26

Working with brackets

1 Work out these. The first one has been started for you.
a (6 × 3 − 10)2
2 Extend
6 × 3 – 10 = u You will:
u–1=u • Extend your understanding with problem-solving.
Q1e hint
u2 = u
Work out the brackets first, then
b (18 − 3 × 5)3 multiply by 5.
c 23 + (4 + 1)3
d (12 − 3)
__
2
− 11
e 5 × (√9 + 7) 1 Problem-solving / Finance Carlos buys a new sofa that costs £984.
____
He pays a deposit of £300.
Q1 Literacy hint
f 7 × (8 − √25)2 A deposit is the amount you pay on
He then pays the remaining amount in 12 equal monthly instalments.
2 Work out these. The first one has been started for you. the day you buy an item.
____________ _________ Q2b hint How much does Carlos pay each month?
An instalment is the amount you pay
a √23 + 26 b √52 − 9
_____ _____ Work out the calculation under the 2 Work out on a regular basis, e.g. monthly.
√23 + 26 = √49 = u square root first. a 3587 ÷ 17 b 7856 ÷ 15 c 9017 ÷ 17 d 1108 ÷ 12
3 Work out these. 3 Problem-solving Andrea has 988 followers on Twitter.
32 − 2 u 32 − 42 6 + 39 Q3a hint Andrea has 26 times as many followers as Nicola.
a = b c
4+1 u 4 32 How many fewer people follow Nicola than follow Andrea?
___ ____ Calculate the top and bottom of the
52 −____15 3
√64 + 46 1 + √81 fraction first.
d √4
e f 3√_______________ 4 Problem-solving At the end of each month a restaurant owner shares
52 1000 the tips equally between the members of staff. Any remainder is put
4 Write down the number that you square for each calculation. towards the tips for next month.
a 2 × 32
Q4c hint One month the tips are £856. There are 18 members of staff.
b 22 × 3 c (2 × 3)2
d 42 × (5 − 2) e 4 × (5 − 2)2 f 4 × (5 − 22) The whole bracket is squared, a How much does each member of staff receive? Q4a hint
so 2 × 3 = u
5 Match each calculation to the correct answer. b How much is put towards next month’s tips? Convert £856 to pence first.
i 72 × 2 A 45 5 Write these numbers in ascending order.
ii 7 × 22
B 75
iii (7 × 2)2 C 98 23 33 42 43 52
iv 32 × (1 + 4) D 15
v 3 × (12 + 4) E 28 6 Reasoning Which of these numbers do you think is bigger: 152 or 215?
vi 3 × (1 + 4)2 F 81 Use your calculator to see if you are correct.

Enrichment 7 a Write down all the factors of

i 16 ii 40 iii 56
1 Here are some number cards.
Q1 hint b Write down the HCF of 16, 40 and 56.
�3 9 �4 6 �2 11 Adding numbers gives the sum. 8 a Write down of the first 10 multiples of
Multiplying numbers gives the i 3 ii 4 iii 6
a Find two numbers that sum to 7. product.
b Find two other numbers that sum to 7. b Write down the LCM of 3, 4 and 6.
c The product of two numbers is −18. Which two numbers could they be? 9 Problem-solving Sophie and Will start swimming at the same time
d Write a calculation using any of the numbers to make the largest from the same end of a swimming pool. Q9 Strategy hint
possible answer. It takes Sophie 40 seconds to swim one length of the pool. Draw a diagram to help. Make sure
It takes Will 30 seconds to swim one length of the pool. they are meeting at the same end of
2 Reflect Write down five different ways you used your multiplication
the pool.
and division skills in these Strengthen lessons. After how many seconds will they meet for the first time at the same
Reflect

Your first two might be: end of the pool?

• When dividing a negative number by a negative number, I divided the 10 Problem-solving / Reasoning The answer to a calculation is −12.
numbers and then wrote an answer which was positive. Write four different calculations that each give an answer of −12.
• When squaring a number, I multiplied it by itself. Use each sign +, −, ×, ÷ at least once.

21 Unit 2 Number skills 22

 11 Problem-solving Here are some number cards. 17 Work out
Q17 hint
a (−4)2 b (3 − 5)2 c (4 − 2 × 5)2
26 7 22 8 25 (−4)2 = −4 × −4 = u
d (2 × 11 − 4 × 8)2 e (−3)2 + 3 × 7 f 40 − (−5)2
a i Which two cards could you use to make this calculation correct? g 12 + (12 − 19)2 h (−9)2 − (2 × −4)2

 2 18 a i Copy and complete.

(−1)3 = −1 × −1 × −1 = −1
ii Which other two cards could you use to make the calculation correct?
(−2)3 = −2 × −2 × −2 = u
b i Which two cards could you use to make this calculation correct?
(−3)3 = u × u × u = u
  1 (−4)3 = u × u × u = u
ii Which other two cards could you use to make the calculation correct? (−5)3 = u × u × u = u
c Which cards could you use in this calculation to give you ii Is the cube of a negative number always positive or negative?
Q18 Literacy hint
i the greatest possible answer b i Copy and complete The base number is the number that
ii the smallest possible answer? (−1)4 = −1 × −1 × −1 × −1 = u is being raised to a power. In 23 , 2 is
(−2)4 = −2 × −2 × −2 × −2 = u the base, 3 is the index or power.
  
(−3)4 = u × u × u × u = u
12 Problem-solving / Reasoning The area of a square is 28 cm2. (−4)4 = u × u × u × u = u
Lamar says, ‘I think the side length of the square is about 4.8 cm.’ (−5)4 = u × u × u × u = u
Without working out the side length, explain how you know there is a better ii Explain why a negative number raised to the power of 4 will
estimate. always give a positive answer.
13 Problem-solving The area of a square is 70 cm2. Q13 hint c Will the answer be positive or negative when a negative number is Q18c hint
Estimate the perimeter of the square. The perimeter is the distance around raised to the power Is (−1)5 positive or negative?
14 Problem-solving Square A has a side length of 6.5 cm. the edge of the square. i 5 ii 6 iii 7 iv 8?
Square B has a perimeter of 25.6 cm. Discussion How can you tell by looking at the power and the base
Square C has an area of 47 cm2. number whether the answer will be positive or negative?
a Which square has the smaller perimeter?
b Which square has the greater area? 19 Reasoning Is the answer to each question positive or negative?
Explain how you know. You don’t need to write the final answers.
15 STEM Jenson works out the time it takes a car to cover different
____________ a 15 × (−8)2 b 24 × (−6)3 c −4 × (−15)2
2 × distance
distances. He uses the rule time = ___________________ d (−12)5 ÷ 3 e (−9)4 ÷ 6 f (−7)3 ÷ −2
acceleration
Time is measured in seconds. Distance is measured in metres. Q15a hint 20 a Estimate the answer to each calculation. Q20a iv hint
Acceleration is measured in metres per second per second. ______________
time = √(2 × 50) ÷ 4 i 12 × 2.82 ii 4.12 + 5.2 × 9.8 iii 8.22 − 5.12
a Work out the time taken when ____ Round 18 to the nearest square
____ ____ √83 number, so it is easy to find the
i distance = 50 and acceleration = 4 iv √18 × 22 v 6.7 × 7.9 − √50 vi ____
√8 square root.
ii distance = 400 and acceleration = 8
b Use a calculator to work out the accurate answers to the
iii distance = 90 and acceleration = 5 calculations in part a.
b Estimate the time taken when Were your estimates close to the accurate answers?
i distance = 120, acceleration = 6
ii distance = 300, acceleration = 10 21 a Copy and complete this number line.
1 2 3 4 5
16 Give both possible answers to each calculation.
The first one is done for you.
3
1
3
8
3 3 3
Q21b hint
________________ ____________
a √31 − 2 × 3 b Use the number line to estimate a value for these cube roots. Draw the number line on squared
b √21 + 28
________________ _______ _______ _______ paper.
____ __ 3 3 3
c √6 × 5 − 14 i √20 ii √30 iii √90
= √31 – √6 ______________________
_____ d √7 × 6 − 3 × 11 c Use a calculator to work out the accurate cube roots of the
= √25 numbers in part b.
= 5 or –5 How close were your estimates to the accurate answers?

23 Topic links: Area and perimeter, Range, Mean Subject links: Science (Q15, Q27) Unit 2 Number skills 24
 Master Check Strengthen Extend TEST
P1 P16 P18 P22
22 Work out

2 Unit test
a (−2)3 + 10 b 30 + (−3)3 c −2 × (−5)3
Log how you did on your
d (−4)3 ÷ −8 e 23 + (−2)3 f 33 − (−3)3 Student Progression Chart.
23 a Write down the missing numbers.
_______ _______ _______ Q23a i hint
i 3√u = −2 ii 3√u = −3 iii 3√u = −4
Which number has a cube root of 2?
b Work out
_______ _______ _______ _______ What about −2?
3 3 3 3
i 12 + √−8 ii −5 × √−27 iii 26 − √−64 iv √−125 ÷ −5
1 Look at this list of numbers.
24 Here are four number cards. 1 2 3 5 8 13
3 3 3
Which of the numbers are
72 1 15 20 2 (4 1 64) 6 3 ( 27 1 22) 62 2 44
a cube numbers
a Work out the mean of the numbers. b prime numbers?
b Work out the range of the numbers. 2 What is the highest common factor of 12 and 16?

25 Problem-solving The sum of these two numbers is 8. 3 What is the lowest common multiple of 12 and 15?

Q25 hint 4 Work out 347 × 82.

32 1 45 2 81
52 233 Work out the number on the right 5 A lottery win of £992 is shared equally between 16 people.
first. How much does each person win?
Work out the missing number.
6 Work out
26 Reasoning Kai and Bo work out 10 − (−3)2 and 10 − 32. a 890 ÷ 16 b 6911 ÷ 22
Kai says ‘I get the same answer for both.’
7 Match each calculation with the correct answer.
Bo says ‘I get different answers.’
Who is correct? Copy and complete this sentence to explain. 62 125
______ is correct because _______
43 36
27 STEM / Reasoning The energy of an object is related to its mass
and velocity (speed). 52 81
Jenny is working out the energy of different roller coaster cars.
Q27 hint 53 64
mass × velocity2
She uses the rule energy = 450 × 20
2
2 energy =
2
=u 92 25
a Work out the energy for each car.
Roller coaster car A B C 8 Work out
Mass (kg) 450 625 450 a 9 + −5 b 8 − −12 c 9 + −12 d −9 + 2
Velocity (m/s) 20 38 40 e −22 + −8 f −8 − 9 g −1 − −1
Energy (Joules) ____
9 Work out an estimate to √8.
b Car C has the same mass as Car A. Its velocity is twice as fast.
Does it have twice as much energy? 10 Work out
____________
a (12 − 8)2 b √90 − 26
28 Reflect In these Extend lessons you used brackets for different ____
c 32 × (√25 + 1) d 62 + (10 − 5)2
calculations.
____
Reflect

Which questions wouldn’t have made sense without brackets? 11 Write down both answers to √100.
Write a calculation that needs brackets for it to make sense.
12 Work out
Now write a calculation that doesn’t need brackets. 103 500
a 4 × 33 b 2 × 22 × 23 c d
Use a calculator and swap with a partner to make sure. 4 53
13 Here are four calculation cards.
2 100 1 3 3 21 3 3
A 2 3 7 2 11 B 3 C 12 3 27 1 50 D 3 3 71 4
64

Work out the value of the calculation on each card.

25 Unit 2 Number skills 26

 14 Work out the missing numbers in each of these.
a 5 × −2 = u b −8 × 6 = u
c −3 × u = 12 d u × 9 = −27
15 Estimate the answer to each of these calculations.
13
a 21 × 39 + 19 × 13 b 89 − 7.8 × 3.2 c 48.6 +
4.3
16 Work out
a 2 × (−12)2 b (−5)3 × −4 c (−2)4 ÷ 8
_______
3
17 Work out √−8.
18 576 = 4 × 9 × 16
_____
Use the fact above to work out 3√576.
19 −216 = −8 × 27 _______
Use the fact above to work out 3√−216.
20 Work out _______ ____________
4 + 62 33 − 3 √64 3
√1000 + 40
a b c 32 − 1 d
5 22 52
21 Work out
a 32 × 4 b 3 × 42 c (3 × 4)2 d 32 × 42

Challenge
22 Copy this secret code box.
E
18 15 25 13 24 16 20 12 19 24 15 15 14 16

Work out the answer to each calculation below.

Then use your answers to fill in the letters in the code box and find the
secret message.
The first one is done for you.
5 − −5 + 3 = 5 + 5 + 3 = 13, so E = 13
3
E 5 − −5 + 3 D 6 × √81 – 35 T 5 × √8 + 4
A 6 × −3 + 38 S 52 − 32 P −3 × −7 − 3
2×5 3 3
√27 × 10
W √ O N 2 × (9 − 3)
100 2
R (32 − 3)2 − 3 × 4

What is the secret message?

23 Write your own secret code questions and code box.
24 Reflect In this Unit you have mostly done calculations involving:
• negative numbers
• powers
Q24 hint
• roots
Reflect

• factors Look back through the Unit to remind

yourself of each type of calculation.
• estimation.
Which type of calculation did you find easiest? What made it easy?
Which type of calculation did you find hardest? What made it hard?
Write a hint, in your own words, for the type of calculation you found
hardest.

27