Measuring temperatures via radioactive wayz

The usage of thermocouples or thermistors is difficult in the case of the increasing medium
temperatures. We use radioactive methods for such a situation. Optical pyrometry uses the
lights for measuring the medium temperature. It sustains for using the device safely thanks
to non conducting the device on the material surface. With this peoperty, we can scan all the
surface of the materials.

When we heats a material, it emits the lights to the environment. Radioactive energy is
dissipated with the particles termed as photon.

Total radiation rule

The radiation amount of a material at the specified temperature is proportional of the

temperatute over fourth power.

The devices that is worked on this property are termed as total radiation pyrometers.

Fig. The radiation of black materials at various temperatures

Wien rule

The radiation intensity of a material is the highest value at some wavelength of that material
μmax. That temperature and wave length multiplication is constant.
The devices that is depended on this property are termed as optical or spectral pyrometry.

Total radiation pyrometers

The radiation light passes through the objective and gathered on the radiation receiver.

Fig. Sketch of total radiation pyrometer

Objective: For low temperatures (200-650 ֩C), CaF2 objectives, for high temperatures (550-
1260 ֩C), the objectives having silica are used.

Radiation receiver: 3 types of devices may be used. Thermocouple radiation receiver,

resistance radiation receiver, and photo electric radiation receiver.

The important points of the measurement done with total radiation pyrometers:

1. The material must be close ralation of the black material.

2. The distance must be length that the producer offered.
3. The medium must not have the dust or similar particles.
4. The temperature of the environment must not exceed the 65 ֩C.

Spectrum pyrometry

These devices can be used in the range of 700 to 1400 ֩C. The lights are gathered on the
radiation lamb. In the case of excess temperature above 1300 ֩C, an absorbtion pyrometer is
also used. Those lights passed through the red filter and focused on the lenses (oculer). The
red filter cuts the lights below 630 nanometer. The filament of the lamb is rounded via a
bubble until the filament are not seen. That temperature is the medium temperature.
Fig. Sketch of the optical pyrometer

Seger pyramids

Those are the triangle materials that have the silicate constituents. In the case of the high
temperature, the binders of the pyramide is burned and the top point of he pyramide are
fallen down on the short side. This devices are used in ceramic industry.

Fig. Seger pyramide

Temperature showers by color variation

Those dyes consist of salt, oxide and hydrate. With the temperature variation, they tuns into
oxidation or hydration and Show the medium temperature.