UNIVERSIDAD REGIOMONTANA

DIVISIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN PREUNIVERSITARIA

EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES II

Name:____________________________ Group____ Date__________

ACTIVITY 3.4 QUALITY OF WATER

Goals Learn about the tests that water undergoes to determine its quality
Proficiency Learn and analyze the permissible parameters for the water to be
considered good for its consumption.
Transferable Creativity, critical thinking
Skills
Pedagogical ✔ Collaborative work
strategy ✔ Explore: Read about water quality legislation and research about the
sources of drinking water in NL
✔ Accomplish: a) Form a team of 2.write an essay with the main
characteristics that water should have in order to be considered
suitable to drink according to NOM-127
b) Draw a map indicating the sources of drinking water in NL.
✔ Execute: Realize a Positive - Negative - Interesting PNI) chart about
the bottled water consumption. (At least 5 points for each part)
References must be included
✔ Evolove: Include a conclusion and references.
Necessary ✔ Different sources of information:
resources http://www.salud.gob.mx/unidades/cdi/nom/m127ssa14.html

http://observatorio.iinso.uanl.mx/index.php/diagnostico/diagnostico-
01/diagnostico-0101?start=2

✔ Computer/internet
✔ Complementary references
Learning ✔ Essay and PNI chart
Evidence
Deliverable Deliver your project through NEO on the allotted time.
product
Evaluation Checklist
criteria Weight= 10 points from module 3
 I. Your Essay must include introduction, development and conclusion. You must use at
least 5 quote sources, and it must have al the characteristics about formal
presentation.

II. Include a chart with the parameters pertaining the water regulation: NOM-127 for
drinking quality.

III. Include a map of the drinking water sources in NL.

IV. PNI Chart depicting BOTTLED WATER CONSUMPTION (include 5 positive, 5

negative and 5 interesting aspects), include your references; you must upload it in the
forum and give Provide feedback to 3 different teams. Your feedback should be
objective and constructive, and, must include: a positive point, a negative point, and,
an interesting one in each feedback.

POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERESTING

Introduction
Water is the raw material that is most used by industries in general. Especially in the food
industry. For example: on washing, canning, product preparation, as solvents, in boiler water or
as heat exchangers. Ergo the characterization of certain parameters is considered very
important. The most commonly known control parameters are: pH, hardness, sulfates, chlorides,
among others.

Theoretical aspects
In the earth's crust, water reacts with the minerals in the soil and rocks. The main components
dissolved in surface water and groundwater are sulphates, chlorides, sodium and potassium
bicarbonates, and calcium and magnesium oxides. Surface waters often also contain domestic
and industrial waste.
Shallow groundwater can contain large amounts of nitrogen compounds and chlorides, derived
from human and animal waste. Generally, the waters of deep wells contain only minerals in
solution.
Chloride ion is frequently found in natural and wastewater, in concentrations ranging from a few
ppm to several grams per liter. This ion enters the water naturally, by washing the rainwater on
the ground; However, since the contact surface between water and soil materials is relatively low
in surface water, the concentration of chlorides in these bodies of water tends to be also relatively
low, except that they have been affected by water. anthropic events.
However, in groundwater, where the contact surface between water and soil and subsoil
materials is much higher, the concentration of chloride ion is usually directly related to the
predominant lithology and water residence time. in the aquifer.

Chloride ion is frequently found in natural and wastewater, in concentrations ranging from a few
ppm to several grams per liter. This ion enters the water naturally, by washing the rainwater on
the ground; However, since the contact surface between water and soil materials is relatively low
in surface water, the concentration of chlorides in these bodies of water tends to be also relatively
low, except that they have been affected by water. anthropic events.
However, in groundwater, where the contact surface between water and soil and subsoil
materials is much higher, the concentration of chloride ion is usually directly related to the
predominant lithology and water residence time. in the aquifer.
On the other hand, the human excreta and in general those of all the superior organisms, (the
urine mainly), have a concentration of chlorides that is approximately equal to the one that is
ingested in the foods; If it is assumed that each person consumes an average of 2.5g of chloride
ion, per day, (g / person / day), and that each person ingests approximately 5L of water per day,
then the concentration of chlorides in the urine would be of the order of 500 mg / l.
For this reason, the domestic wastewater imparts to the receiving bodies of water, a
characteristic trace that identifies them and that in many cases, can be tracked by measurements
of chloride ion.
In accordance with the regulations in force, the maximum permissible concentration for water for
human consumption is 250 mg / l. Water quality and pH are often mentioned in the same
sentence. The pH is a very important factor, because certain chemical processes can only take
place at a certain pH.
For example, chlorine reactions only take place when the pH has a value between 6.5 and 8. The
pH is an indicator of the acidity of a substance. It is determined by the number of hydrogen-free
ions (H +).
The alkalinity of a water sample is its ability to react or neutralize hydronium ions, (H +), up to a
pH value equal to 4.5. The alkalinity is mainly caused by the bicarbonates, carbonates and
hydroxides present in the solution, and to a lesser extent by the borates, phosphates and
silicates, which may be present in the sample.

The alkalinity of a water sample is its ability to react or neutralize hydronium ions, (H +), up to a
pH value equal to 4.5. The alkalinity is mainly caused by the bicarbonates, carbonates and
hydroxides present in the solution, and to a lesser extent by the borates, phosphates and
silicates, which may be present in the sample.
In most bodies of natural waters, alkalinity is associated with the carbonate system, that is, the
carbonates and bicarbonates present. For this reason the alkalinity is usually taken as an
indication of the concentration of these substances, without meaning that for all cases, the
alkalinity is due exclusively to bicarbonates and carbonates.
Relatively ancient groundwater running through sandy strata is a good exception, where alkalinity
is also related to dissolved silicates. The alkalinity in most bodies of natural water has its origin in
the carbonate system, because carbon dioxide and bicarbonates are part of the metabolism of
living organisms, aerobic or anaerobic, wherever there is water, organic matter and minimum
survival conditions.

RUBRICA TO EVALUATE ESSAY

ASPECT EXCELLENT GOOD ENOUGH POOR

Write the essay with Uses own words. Quotes
your own words (30 appropriately using
points) quotation marks, and
references, when
inserting full texts. (25 to
30 points)
Uses own words. Combination of Copy the texts of the
Quotes sources with paraphrasing with references in full
deficiencies in the quoting forms. Plus, without citing them.
way of referencing. there is very little
(15 to 24 points) referencing. (0 - 4 points)
(5 to 14 points)

Quote sources Quote sources in the Quote sources in Quote sources without Don’t quote sources
appropriate APA format APA format with APA format (3 - 6 (1-2 points)
(10 points) some faults (7-9 points)
(10 points) points)

Includes The introduction presents Present the topic in Just mention the topic Don’t includes
introduction an overview of the topic a general way. (5 -7 the essay is about introduction
to be covered in the points)
(10 points) essay, as well as the (1-4 points) (o points)
relevance of the topic.

(8 - 10 points)

Issues informed It issues its own opinions
opinions based coherently with the
point it analyzes, relating
(30 points) them to the information
cited from various
sources. (25 - 30 points)
It issues its own Issues opinions without Don’t issue personal
opinions consistent mentioning sources (1- opinions and writes
with the point it 14 points). only copied
deals with, with information. (o points)
little reference to the
sources. (15 - 24
points)

Conclusions Conveys in a clear and Coveys most of the Conveys some of the Missing conclusions
precise manner the most ideas. (5-7points) ideas (1-4 points) (0 points)
(10 points) important ideas presented
in the essay.

(8 - 10 points)

Formal presentation It has a cover with
complete data, margins of
(10 points) 2.5, legible black font,
size 11 or 12, line spacing
of 1.5 spaces and respects
It has a cover with It contains author data, It shows deficiency in
complete data, legible handwriting and any of the elements
margins of 2.5, respects the specified at the
legible print and introduction, "enoug" level.
respects the development and
 the structure of structure of closing structure. (1-2 points)
introduction, introduction,
development and closure. development and It shows maximum 7
closure. spelling and / or writing
Show order and errors.
cleanliness. Show order and
cleanliness. It has an extension of at
It does not show spelling least 1 and a half pages.
or writing errors. It has a maximum of
3 spelling and / or (3- 5 points)
It has an extension of at writing errors.
least 2 pages
It has an extension
(8 - 10 points) of at least 1 page.

. (6-7 points)

Forum evaluation

Requirement Points

Presents 5 positive facts about the bottled water consumption. 20

Presents 5 negative facts about the bottled water consumption. 20

Presents 5 interesting facts about the bottled water consumption. 20

The presented facts are based on bibliographical sources. 20

Provide feedback to 3 different teams. Your feedback should be 20

objective and constructive, and, must include: a positive point, a
negative point, and, an interesting one in each feedback.