GLOSSARY OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TERMS

Is the process of systematically applying

statistical and/or logical techniques to
Data analysis describe and illustrate, condense and
recap, and evaluate data. ... Indeed,
researchers generally analyze for patterns
in observations through the entire data
collection phase.

 Refers to the point in the research

process when no new information is
Data saturation discovered in data analysis, and this
redundancy signals to researchers that
data collection may cease.

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, starts

out with a general statement, or
Deductive thinking hypothesis, and examines the possibilities
to reach a specific, logical conclusión.

The process of generating ways of

thinking about the data—categories,
concepts and ideas—that come from
Emerging theories interpretive reading and reflection. ...
Since it is your data, and your
understanding, how you use these tools
and how you make the project work will
be a matter of your judgment.

The philosophical study of the nature,

Epistemology origin, and limits of human knowledge.

Duties are moral obligations, on the part

Ethic of rights and of other individuals, to respect those
responsibilities rights. The individuals also having
certain rights are under moral obligation
to use them well for the common good.

Experimental studies are ones where

Experimental study researchers introduce an intervention and
study the effects. Experimental studies
are usually randomized, meaning the
subjects are grouped by chance.
 An exploratory design is conducted about
Exploratory Design a research problem when there are few or
no earlier studies to refer to or rely upon
to predict an outcome.
 

Field notes are written observations

recorded during or immediately
following participant observations in the
Field notes field and are considered critical to
understanding phenomena encountered in
the field.

Field research is defined as a qualitative

Fieldwork method of data collection that aims to
observe, interact and understand people
while they are in a natural environment.

GLOSSARY OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TERMS

 Is the act of recording reflective
Memoing
notes about what the
researcher (fieldworker, data
coder, and/or analyst) is learning
from the data.

A research technique whereby the

researcher watches the subjects of
Non-observational his or her study, with their

methods knowledge, but without taking an

active part in the situation under

scrutiny.

The first branch is ontology, or the

'study of being', which is
Ontology concerned with what actually
exists in the world about which
humans can acquire knowledge.

Rejects the possibility that we can

have objective knowledge.
Postmodernism Postmodernism values the
subjective and multiple opinions of
individuals and communities rather
than predetermined rules for
action.

Is defined as the value of data in

the form of counts or numbers
Quantifying data where each data-set has an
unique numerical value
associated with it.

Is a term that subsumes a group of

Research narrative
 written or spoken words or visual

representation of individuals.

Although censuses do not include

Survey study
a "sample", they do include other

aspects of survey methodology,

like questionnaires, interviewers,
and non-response follow-up

techniques.

Finding is the extent to which it can

be applied in other contexts and
Transferability studies. It is thus equivalent to or a
replacement for the terms
generalizability and external

validity.

Are short stories about a

hypothetical person, presented to
Vignette participants during qualitative
research (e.g. within an interview
or group discussion) or quantitative

research, to glean information

about their own set of beliefs.

Interprets the data and shows how

it supports your claim. The warrant,

Warrant in other words, explains why the
data proves the claim. In trials,
 lawyers for opposing sides often
agree on the data but hotly
dispute the warrants.

Glossary of Qualitative Research Terms

 Is a term used in social analysis to refer

to persons who are able to arbitrate

Gatekeeper access to a social role, field setting or

estructure. ... In participant observation

research, for example, researchers ar

often vouched for by a gatekeeper,

who is usually has a leadership or

otherwise, significant role in a group.

Is a well-known methodology

employed in many research studies.

Grounded theory Qualitative and quantitative data

generation techniques can be used in

a grounded theory study.

The informant is a special category of

Informant research participant because of a

particular expertise or knowledge that
is brought to qualitative research.

Is the process of finding answers to

questions. ... It provides a lens from

which to explore the question. A

Inquiry paper,workofart,poster,
presentation, field report, or one of

many other possibilities can all be

evidence of scholarly work.

Refers to the task of drawing

Interpretation inferences from the collected facts

afterananalyticalandor

experimental study. In fact, it is a

search for broader meaning of

research findings.
Jargon Is the specialized vocabulary of any
profession, trade, science, or hobby.

As scientists discover new

phenomena and research

techniques, they coin terms by which

to refer to these findings.

Are questions a researcher asks that

Leading questions may cause a respondent to answer in

a biased, particular way. Leading

questions are a vital issue of survey

and question design, and should be

avoided when conducting either

quantitative or qualitative survey

research.

Researchers repeatedly examine the

same individuals to detect any

changes that might occur over a

period of time. Longitudinal studies

are a type of correlational research in
Longitudinal case study which researchers observe and

collect data on a number of variables

without trying to influence those

variables.

Also known as participant or

respondent validation, is a technique

for exploring the credibility of results.

Member checks Data or results are returned to
participants to check for accuracy

and resonance with their experiences.

Member checking is often mentioned

as one in a list of validation

techniques.

Design is a research methodology in

which several instrumental, bounded

cases are examined using multiple
Multiple case study data collection methods. This

research methodology is more

powerful than single-case designs as it

provides more extensive descriptions

and explanations of the phenomenon

or issue.
 UNIVERSITY OF GUAYAQUIL
FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY, LETTERS AND SCIENCES OF EDUCATION
CAREER: PEDAGOGY OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES. ENGLISH
RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY II
TUTORING GROUP WORK:
RESEARCH METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS

A) METHOD ONE: SURVEY

ONE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE( TO THE STUDENTS OF THE CLASS) WITH

10 QUESTIONS: 5 YES/NO QUESTIONS, 5 QUESTIONS WITH SCALES: AT
LEAST WITH FIVE OPTIONS

B) METHOD TWO: INTERVIEW

ONE INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE ( TO THE TEACHER) ( 5 OPEN ENDED

QUESTIONS)

C) METHOD THREE : INDIRECT OBSERVATION

ONE OBSERVATION FORM ( ORIENTED TO THE CLASS GIVEN) ( 5

QUESTIONS YES/NO)

Electricy and energy saving

Topic: Use of electric energy

Research Question: What do you use electricity for or how do you use it?Yes/NO Question

1.Do we use electricity on a daily basis?

2.Do you think that electric energy is indispensable for daily activities?

3.Should we have all electronic devices plugged in?

4.Do you think that more electricity is consumed on weekends?

5.Should we use a washing machine or microwave every day?

Multiple Choice

1.Who invented electricity?

a)Thomas Alva Edison

b)Harvey Hubbell

c)Cars Benz

d)Alexander Nikolayevich

e)Benjamin Franklin

2.What is electricity?

a) The volt conducts electrical energy with greater or lesser power, because the voltage is
the electrical mechanism

b) Is an electronic component that is used to supply electricity to the computer.

c) Is a device that emits light due to the passage of electric current through a filament inside
a body.

d)A liquid substance obtained by infusion, distillation or other process of a vegetative

substance.

e) A set of phenomena produced by the movement and interaction between the positive and
negative electric charges of physical bodies.

3.Which electronic appliances consume the most energy in the house?

a) Television or radio

b) Washing machine or refrigerator

c) Computer or dvd player

d) Fan or dryer

e) Game console

4. What is the best way to save energy?

a) Disconnect the electrical appliances that cannot be switched off at the moment.

b) Keep them plugged in even when not in use.

C) keep the lights on all day long.

D) Use the washing machine every day.

e) Keep the air conditioning on day and night.

4. What are the electrical energy currents? a)

Primary current

b) Volts

c) Alternating and direct current

d) Direct current

e) Watts

5. Open-ended questions

1) Do you think it is important to save energy?

2) What would you do to save energy?

3) Why is it important to be aware of energy saving?

4) How do you think saving energy would help the environment and the economy?

5) How can you promote energy saving in your home or neighborhood?

Observ 1 2 Good
ation Excele
Sheet nt
 3 Fair 4 Bad 5 Very
Bad

Electrical energy 1 2 3 4 5

1. Do they show mastery of the subject? X

2.Does it explain the topics clearly following a X

logical sequence?

3. Does it propose appropriate activities? X

4. Is it up to date related to the topic?

X

5.How was the subject matter clear

X
Organizing a meeting

Topic: Interview Arrangements

Research Question: What are the general options for arranging a proper interview?

Yes/NO Question

1.Do you think it is important to use a formal type of language for an interview?

2.Do you think organization is essential in an interview?

3.Should we wear the right attire to an interview?

4.Could you be in an interview in which there is little organization?

5.Do you think that the elements used before and after each interview are important?

Multiple choice

Which physical elements are important in an interview +

a)The place, the clothes

b)The way of speaking

c)Cell phone

d)Lapto
e)Informal language

What language should be used in an interview?

a)Informal language

b)Formal language

c)Unconventional language

d)Artificial language

e)Natural language

What is the first step before an interview?

a)Planning
b)Organization

c)Realization

d)Research

e)Resources

What resource is important in an interview?

a)Telephone

b)Internet

c)Documents

d)Notes

e)Technology

What are the main elements of an interview ?

a) The interviewer and interviewee

b) Question and connection

c) Message and answers

d) Messages and questions

e) Sender and receiver

Open-ended questions

1)What do you think is the objective of conducting an interview?

2) Do you think it is essential to plan an interview?

3) What language do you think is appropriate in an interview?

4) Why do you think interviews are important before hiring someone?

5) Why is it important to have resources in the interview?

 Observation 1 Excelent 2 Good 3 Fair 4 Bad 5.Very

Sheet Bad

Interview Arrangements

1Do they carry out the activities? 1 2 3 4 5

2 Ask for information? X

3Do they interact in class?

4 Do they work in a climate of respect? X

5 Do they look for information in other

sources, apart from those provided?