Phenomenological Method
 Emphasizes approaching the topic afresh without preconceived
notions about what one will find in the investigation. The data
from self-reflection can be used by researchers to help them
become aware of and bracket out the presuppositions and
assumptions they bring o the investigation.
 Is to clarify and enlighten how people understand and
comprehend a certain phenomenon. (Lester, 1999)
TYPES OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD
DESCRIPTIVE PHENOMENOLOGY
Was developed by Husserl in 1970. Husserl’s phenomenology
approach was the knowledge of humans’ experiences,
perceived while in the state of conscious is worth of
contribution in research and studies.
INTERPRETIVE PHENOMENOLOGY
Heidegger, whom Husserl’s student has preceded descriptive
method with interpretive phenomenology. Heidegger
challenged to make phenomenological research to have more
meanings and to be interpretive or hermeneutic in research
tradition.
PROCEDURE
1. The researcher needs to understand the philosophical
perspective behind the approach.
2. The investigator writes research questions that explore the
meaning of that experience or individuals.
3. The investigator collects data from individuals who have
experienced the phenomenon under investigation.
4. The phenomenological data analysis: the protocols divided
into statement or horizontalization.
5. The phenomenological report ends with the reader
underlying better the essential, invariant structure of the
experience.
CHARACTERISTICS
 It describes the meanings of the experiences that have been
lived by person or several people with respect to a certain
concept.
 It is not interested in the explanation, but rather, it is not
concerned with the essential aspects of lived experience.
 It is the systematic study of subjectivity.
 It seeks to describe what underlies the way people usually
describe their experiences.
 It studies the coexistence between a person within a group.
 It concentrates on an eidetic reduction.
 It has transcendental reduction.
 It methodically leads to the discovery and analysis of things or
subjects in the world.
 It seeks to the understand how people construct the meaning
of things.
 It investigates experiences as they are lived by those who
experience then and the meaning that these people give them.
 Critical truths about reality are based on people’s experiences.
 It consists mainly of in-depth conversations.
 The researcher and informants are often considered secondary
participants.
FORMAT
 TITLE
 CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY - is the work done to determine that your
research question or thesis topic is problem and the method use is
the one required to solve the issue or answer the question.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY – it is the goal of the study might be to identify
or describe a concept or to explain or predict a situation or solution to a
situation that indicates the type of study to be conducted.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS – is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern
or issue.
THEORETICAL LENS – frameworks provide a particular perspective, or
lens, through which to examine a topic.
OBJECTIVES – describe concisely what the research is trying to achieve.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY – it provides to the reader on how the
study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will
benefit from it.
TARGET AUDIENCE – is the intended audience or readership of a
publication, advertisement, or other message
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION - scope of a study explains the extent to
which the research area will be explored in the work and specifies the
parameter within the study will be operating. Delimitation are the
characteristics that limit the scope and describe the boundaries of the
study, such as the sample size, geographical location or setting in which
the study takes place population traits, etc.
DEFINITION OF TERMS – important part of a research paper or report is
that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
 CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – it is a
comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic
 CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY – it is a systematic, theoretical
analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
RESEARCH DESIGN – refers to the overall strategy
that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a
coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address
the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection,
measurement, and analysis of data.
ROLE OF THE RESEARCHERS –is to attempt to access the
thoughts and feelings of the study participants.
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS – it is also called a human
subject or an experiment, trial.
DATA COLLECTION – process of gathering and measuring
information on targeted variables in an established
system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and
evaluate outcomes.
SETTING OF THE STUDY – can be seen as the physical, social,
and cultural site in which the researcher
conducts the study.
DATA ANALYSIS –process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming
and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful
information, informing conclusion and supporting decision making.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS – can be specified as one of the
most important parts of the research.
 CHAPTER IV- PRESENTATION OF DATA
 CHAPTER V- DICUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,
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