PHENOMENOL

OGICAL
METHOD
DEFINITION:
Emphasizes approaching the topic afresh without
preconceived notions about what one will find in the
investigation. The data from self-reflection can be
used by researchers to help them become aware of
and bracket out the presuppositions and assumptions
they bring to the investigation.
PURPOSE:
Is to clarify and enlighten how people
understand and comprehend a certain
phenomenon. (Lester, 1999)
TYPES OF
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
D E S C R I P T I V E P H E N O M E N O L O G Y

Was developed by Husserl in 1970. Husserl’s

phenomenology approach was the knowledge of humans’
experiences, perceived while in the state of conscious is worth
of contribution in research and studies.
TYPES OF
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
I N T E R P R E T I V E P H E N O M E N O L O G Y

Heidegger, whom Husserl’s student has preceded

descriptive method with interpretive phenomenology.
Heidegger challenged to make phenomenological research to
have more meanings and to be interpretive or hermeneutic in
research tradition.
PROCEDURE
 1. The researcher needs to understand the philosophical
perspective behind the approach.
 2. The investigator writes research questions that explore the
meaning of that experience or individuals.
 3. The investigator collects data from individuals who have
experienced the phenomenon under investigation.
PROCEDURE
 4. The phenomenological data analysis: the protocols
divided into statement or horizontalization.
 5. The phenomenological report ends with the reader
underlying better the essential, invariant structure of the
experience.
 CHARACTERISTICS
 It describes the meanings of the experiences that have been lived
by person or several people with respect to a certain concept.

 It is not interested in the explanation, but rather, it is not concerned

with the essential aspects of lived experience.
 It is the systematic study of subjectivity.
 It seeks to describe what underlies the way people usually describe
their experiences.
 It studies the coexistence between a person within a group.
CHARACTERISTICS
It concentrates on an eidetic reduction.
 It has transcendental reduction.
 It methodically leads to the discovery and analysis of things or subjects in
the world.
 It seeks to the understand how people construct the meaning of things.
 It investigates experiences as they are lived by those who experience then
and the meaning that these people give them.
 Critical truths about reality are based on people’s experiences.
 It consists mainly of in-depth conversations.
 The researcher and informants are often considered secondary
participants.
 FORMAT
 TITLE
 CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY - is the work done to determine that
your research question or thesis topic is problem and the method use is the
one required to solve the issue or answer the question.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY – it is the goal of the study might be to
identify or describe a concept or to explain or predict a situation or
solution to a situation that indicates the type of study to be conducted.
 FORMAT
RESEARCH QUESTIONS – is an answerable inquiry into a specific
concern or issue.
THEORETICAL LENS – frameworks provide a particular perspective,
or lens, trough which to examine a topic.
OBJECTIVES – describe concisely what the research is trying to
achieve.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY – it provides to the reader on how the
study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who
will benefit from it.
TARGET AUDIENCE – is the intended audience or readership of a
publication, advertisement, or other message.
 FORMAT
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION - scope of a study explains the extent to
which the research area will be explored in the work and specifies the
parameter within the study will be operating. Delimitation are the
characteristics that limit the scope and describe the boundaries of the
study, such as the sample size, geographical location or setting in
which the study takes place population traits , etc.
DEFINITION OF TERMS – important part of a research paper or
report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly
defined.
 FORMAT
 CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – it is a
comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic
 CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY – it is a systematic, theoretical analysis
of the methods applied to a field of study.
RESEARCH DESIGN – refers to the overall strategy that
you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a
coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively
address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the
collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
FORMAT
ROLE OF THE RESEARCHERS –is to attempt to access the
thoughts and feelings of the study participants.
RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS – it is also called a human
subject or an experiment, trial.
DATA COLLECTION – process of gathering and
measuring information on targeted variables in an established
system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions
and evaluate outcomes.
SETTING OF THE STUDY – can be seen as the physical,
social, and cultural site in which the researcher conducts the
study.
FORMAT
DATA ANALYSIS –process of inspecting, cleansing,
transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering
useful information, informing conclusion and supporting decision
making.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS – can be specified as one of
the most important parts of the research.
 CHAPTER IV- PRESENTATION OF DATA
 CHAPTER V- DICUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,
RECOMMENDATION