TO

RESEA
RCH
RESEARCH 1202: PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
NATURE
OF
INQUIRY
AND
 LEARNING

02
COMPETENC
Y

INTRODUC

03 TION
04 DISCUSSIO
N PROPER

05 SUMMARY06
CONCLU
DING
PARTS
 02
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
The learner:
Explains the meaning of Research in relation to
inquiry.
Points out the differences and similarities of research and
inquiry

Distinguishes LOTQs from HOTQs to give stress to investigative

kind of thinking.
Differentiates quantitative from qualitative
research

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
03
INTRODU
CTION
 May be defined as
a scientific and “a systematized effort
systematic search to gain new
for pertinent knowledge” / “a
information on a voyage of discovery”.
specific topic/area.
Research in common Some people consider
parlance refers to a research as a
“search for movement, a
knowledge”. movement from
known to unknown
The word “research” “a careful
originated from the investigation or
old French word inquiry especially
“recerchier” meaning through search for
to search and search new facts in any

WHAT IS RESEARCH?
again. branch of
knowledge”.
 Research is a scientific approach of answering a research question,
solving a problem or generating new knowledge through a systematic
and orderly collection, organization, and analysis of information with an
ultimate goal of making the research useful in decision-making.
Systematic research in any field of inquiry involves three basic
operations-
DATA DATA REPORT
COLLECTION ANALYSIS WRITTING

refers to observing, refers to arranging final outcome of a research

measuring, and and organizing the study. Its purpose is to convey
recording collected data information contained in it to
the readers or audience.
information
 04
LESSON PROPER
 Research is a process through which we attempt to achieve systematically
and with the support of data the answer to a question, the resolution of a
problem, or a greater understanding of a phenomenon. This process has six
salient characteristics. These are:
1. Empirical
2. Logical
3. Cyclical
4. Analytical
5. ReplicabilityCHARACTERISTICS OF
6. critical RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL
- Research is based on direct experience or
observation alone by the researcher. The
collection of data rely on practical experience
without benefit of the scientific knowledge or
theory.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
LOGICAL
- Research is conducted based on valid
procedures or principles. Scientific
investigation is done in an orderly manner so
that the researcher has confidence on the
results.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
CYCLICAL
- Research is a cyclical process. It
starts with a problem and ends with a
problem.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
ANALYTICAL
- Research applies analytic procedures in
gathering data.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
REPLICABILITY
- Research design and procedures are
replicated to enable the researcher to arrive at
valid conclusive results. The more replications
of researches, the more valid the results would
be.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
CRITICAL
- Research exhibits careful and precise
judgement. A higher level of confidence must
be established.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
 The researcher is the one of the main parts of a Research, they are the ones
who will make sure that the Research will reach fruition. There are four
characteristics a researcher should have in conducting a research. These are:
1. Intellectual Curiosity
2. Prudence
3. Healthy Criticism
4.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
Intellectually Honest

RESEARCHER
 - The researcher has a reflective thinking and inquiry of the
things around him. They are eager to gather information
regarding due to novelty ad unusualness. As a result, he seeks
question to answer, continues to read the related literature,
makes use of their experiences and exercises their creativeness
and inventiveness. But also, they are able to ratify their
conclusions based on the hypothesis.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RESEARCHER (cont.)
2. Prudence
- In prudence, the researcher is conducting his
research study at a right time and right place, wisely,
economically and efficiently. In other words, they are
doing the right thing at the right time.OF THE
CHARACTERISTICS
RESEARCHER (cont.)
3. Healthy Criticism
- The investigator is always doubtful as to the
veracity of the results. Normally, the researcher
doubts the truthfulness of their findings even if the
data areCHARACTERISTICS
gathered honestly.
OF THE
RESEARCHER (cont.)
4. Intellectual Honesty
- A researcher should be honest in collecting or
gathering the data or facts to arrive at honest results.
Honesty is the best policy for an intellectual
investigator because success and failure of his
research lie on his hand.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
RESEARCHER (cont.)
 Explanatory

Correlational Exploratory

Descriptive Action

OBJECTIVES / PURPOSE OF
RESEARCH
Refers to the data based information-gathering activities. The
situations and events which are described through studies are
referred to as descriptive studies. This try to discover answers to
the questions who, what, when, where and sometimes how.
A descriptive study may be feasible in the following cases - 
• What are the characteristics of the people who are involved in
city crime? Are they young? Middle aged? Poor? 
• Who are the potential buyers of the new product? Men or
women? Urban people or rural people?

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 This shows the relationship or connectedness of two factors
or variables that affect the research. It is only concerned in
indicating the existence of a relationship, not the causes and
ways of the development of such relationship.

CORRELATIONAL
RESEARCH
An explanatory study goes beyond description and attempts to
establish cause-and-effect relationship between variables. It
explains the reason for the phenomenon that describes study
observed.

Thus, if a researcher finds that communities having higher

family size have higher child death, s/he is performing a
descriptive study. If researcher is explaining why it is so and
tries to establish cause-and-effect relationship, s/he is
performing an explanatory study.
EXPLANATORY
RESEARCH
 Its purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it is to
conduct a research study on a certain topic. It is particularly useful
when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems they will meet
during the course of the study.
Through exploration, researchers - 
• Develop concepts more clearly 
• Establish priorities 
• Develop operational definitions 
• Formulate research hypotheses, and 
EXPLORATORY
• Improve the final research design

RESEARCH
 This type of research studies an ongoing practice of
a school, organization, community, or institution for
the purpose of obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system.

ACTION RESEARCH
 Quantitative

Analytical Qualitative

Some Other Types of Research

 In analytical research the researcher has to use
facts or information already available, and analyze
these to make a critical evaluation of the material.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
 It is based on the measurement of quantity or
amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be
expressed in terms of quantity.

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 This type of research aims at discovering the
underlying motives and desires, using in depth
interviews for the purpose. Attitude or opinion
research i.e., research designed to find out how people
feel or what they think about a particular subject or
institution is also qualitative research. Qualitative
research is specially important in the behavioral
sciences where the aim is to discover the underlying
motives of human behavior.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
05
SUMMARY
• Research is important for researchers in studying
social relationship and in seeking answers to
various social problems. 
• Research provides the basis for nearly all
government policies in our economic system. 
• Research has its special significance in solving
various operational and planning of business and
industry.SIGNIFICANCE
 OF
RESEARCH
• Research inculcates scientific and inductive
thinking and it promotes the development of logical
habits of thinking and organization. 
• To students who are to write a master’s or PhD
thesis, research may mean a way to attain a high
position in the social structure
SIGNIFICANCE OF
RESEARCH (cont.)
• To professionals, research may mean a source of livelihood.

• To literary men and women, research may mean the
development of new style and creative work. 
• To analysts and intellectuals, research may mean the
generalizations of new theories.
Thus, research is the foundation of knowledge for the sake
of knowledge and an important source for providing guidelines
SIGNIFICANCE OF
for solving different business, government and social problems.

RESEARCH (cont.)
 06
CONCLUDING
PART
“Research is creating
new knowledge.”
-Neil Armstrong-
“If we knew what it was we
were doing, it would not be
called research, would it?”
-Albert Einstein-
THANKS!
Does anyone have any
questions?