0.

1 Visitors from space 4 Replace the underlined verb structures with

alternatives using can’t, could, may, might and
must and an infinitive or perfect infinitive. Use
Grammar: Modal verbs for speculation each modal verb once only.
Vocabulary: Science

IS ANYBODY
Exercise 1
conclusion SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW
destruction 1 In pairs, write the noun forms of the verbs

OUT THERE?
evolution in the box. Include nouns for people if
exploration, appropriate. Then underline the stressed
explorer syllables.
investigation, analyse conclude destroy evolve explore
investigator investigate observe preserve research
observation,
analyse = analysis, analyst
A
observer ccording to a recent UK survey, many people still
preservation 2 In pairs, discuss which of these three things believe that aliens 1have possibly visited Earth.
research, governments should spend most money on. When people report sightings of Unidentified Flying
researcher a preservation of planet Earth Objects (UFOs), they usually describe strange lights
b space exploration and shapes. Other people say aliens 2definitely haven’t
Exercise 4 c medical research approached our planet because otherwise there
1 may/might/ would be some proof. They believe that all ‘sightings’
could have visited 3 Read REMEMBER THIS and choose the correct of UFOs 3are definitely either natural weather events
2 can’t have options in the cartoon caption. Then tell your or man-made, i.e. aircraft, Chinese lanterns or even
approached partner which opinion is closest to your own. hoaxes. But certain government officials think that aliens
3 must be RE M E M B E R TH I S
4
have possibly been to Earth for military reconnaissance,
4 may/might/ scientific research or tourism and 5will possibly continue
could have been • must + infinitive/perfect infinitive* = you’re sure to do so in future.
to something is/was true
• might/may/could + infinitive/perfect infinitive = you
5 may/might/
think it’s possible something is/was true
could continue 5 In pairs, discuss your views on space exploration
• might not/may not + infinitive/perfect infinitive =
and whether you think there is ‘anybody out there’.
you think it’s possible something isn’t/wasn’t true
• can’t + infinitive/perfect infinitive = you’re sure 6 Choose the correct meaning, A or B, for the
something isn’t/wasn’t true underlined phrases.
*perfect infinitive = have + past participle 1 Space exploration might lead to the discovery of
other life forms.
We 1must / can’t be alone in the
A It’s possible. B It’s certain.
universe – it’s too big. There 2must /
2 So you’re a scientist. You must be very intelligent.
can’t be other life somewhere.
A It’s compulsory. B It’s my opinion.
3 Many explorers may not have understood the
There 3must / can’t There 4might / might not be life significance of their discoveries.
be – there’s no on other planets, but they 5may / A I don’t know if they understood or not.
evidence to prove it. may not be as advanced as we are. B They didn’t understand.
4 Early computer analysts can’t have imagined how
important the Internet would become.
A I’m sure about this. B I’m not sure about this.
5 It must have been a very interesting documentary.
A I watched it. B I didn’t watch it.
7 Rewrite the comments using the modal verb in
capitals. Then think about situations when you
might make such comments.
1 I’m sure you’re very pleased. MUST
You must be very pleased.
2 It’s possible that she is sleeping. MIGHT
She might be sleeping.
3 What? I’m sure she isn’t that old! CAN’T
She can’t be that old.
4 It’s possible that he hasn’t received it yet. MAY NOT
He may not have received it yet.
Aliens 6could / must be watching us right now; or they 7may / 5 I’m certain you left it at home. MUST
You must have left it at home.
may not have observed us and decided not to get in touch! 6 I’m sure you’re not serious. CAN’T
You can’t be serious.
7 It’s possible that you don’t want to hear this.
MIGHT NOT You might not want to hear this.
Grammar Focus page 90
8 It’s possible that they overheard what we said.
4 COULD They could have overheard what we said.

WORKBOOK
p. 4

4
 0.2 Advertising 5 Read REMEMBER THIS. Find at least one example
for each rule in Exercises 3 and 4. Exercise 5
Reporting
Grammar: Reported Speech REMEMBER T HIS statements: she’d
Vocabulary: Advertising • Reporting statements = after he said/he told me. started using, it
move ‘one tense back’ would require, her
SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW • Reporting questions = after she asked me put the children loved, she
subject before the verb; don’t use do/does/did; use if had hidden, it was
1 Match the words in box A with the words in box or whether for yes/no questions impossible
B to make a shopping list. • Reporting imperatives = use I asked/told him (not) to Reporting questions:
A a bottle of a box of a bunch of a can of move/to sing/to go, etc. if they ever bought,
• Other changes depending on the context = time and whether they
a jar of a packet of a pair of a tube of
place words, pronouns and possessive adjectives believed, when they
B anti-ageing cream crisps energy drink were going to invent
flowers trainers matches mouthwash Reporting
GRAMMAR FOCUS page 90
toothpaste imperatives: not to
a bottle of mouthwash aa can
box of matches, a bunch of flowers,
of energy drink, a jar of anti-
6 Look at the cartoon. Why is the customer believe
ageing cream, a packet of crisps, a pair of trainers, a tube of toothpaste dissatisfied? Rewrite the sentences to report the Other changes:
2 In pairs, choose four products from Exercise situation. you – they, me – her,
1 and decide why a consumer might complain
my – her, a few
about them.
months ago – a few
This bottle of mouthwash is past its sell-by date. months before
3 Read the slogans in blue below and, in pairs, You’ll use more
discuss whether you think they are believable. calories when you
Then read the report and find out what other wear them. That’s
people thought. why they’re so
expensive. Exercise 6
Do products live up to their 1 … (that) she’d
bought some
advertising claims? trainers there the
previous month.
I asked three people if they ever bought these products and
2 She said (that) they
whether they believed their claims. Here are their reactions.
weren’t working. She
1 This cream will make you look ten years younger! asked if/whether she
One woman said that she’d started using anti-ageing looked any thinner
cream a few months before, but she knew that it would and said (that) she
require more than a cream to keep her young. wasn’t. She said
These trainers aren’t working. I haven’t lost any weight. (that) she was the
2 This chocolate spread is a healthy breakfast for children. The shop assistant told me that I’d use more calories when same weight then as
A mother said that her children loved chocolate
I wore them. He said that was why they were so expensive. she had been four
spread. She said that she had hidden the jar away
weeks before.
because it was full of sugar and fat. She asked me
when they were going to invent healthy chocolate! 1 Customer: Do you remember me? I bought some 3 She said (that)
trainers here last month. he had made false
3 You can avoid colds and flu if you use our
mouthwash every day. She asked him if she remembered her. She said … claims about the
trainers. She told
One man I spoke to was a doctor. He told me that it was 2 Customer: They’re not working. Do I look any him not to offer her
impossible for a mouthwash to prevent illness. He told thinner? I’m not! I’m the same weight now as I was a replacement. She
me not to believe everything I read in adverts. four weeks ago. told him (that) she
3 Customer: You made false claims about the trainers. wanted a refund.
4 CD•1.1 MP3•1 Look at the underlined words in
Don’t offer me a replacement. I want a refund. 4 He told her
the report. Complete these sentences from the (that) he couldn’t
4 Shop assistant: I can’t refund you today because
reporter’s notes with one word in each gap. Then refund her that day
I need my manager’s permission. Can you come
listen and check. because he needed
back tomorrow? his manager’s
1 Questions: Do you ever buy these products?
The next day: permission. He
Do you believe their claims?
5 Customer: How can I get a refund? These trainers asked her if/whether
2 Woman: I started using anti-ageing cream a few she could come back
haven’t made me lose weight.
months ago but I know that it will require the next/following
6 Manager: Oh, I’m sorry. You have twenty-eight
more than a cream to keep me young. day.
days to return purchases. From today, it’s twenty-
3 Mother: My children love chocolate spread. 5 She asked the
nine days since you bought them.
I ’ve hidden it away because it is full of manager how she
sugar and fat. When are they going to invent 7 Think about things you have said to other people could get a refund.
today. Write three sentences using said, told and She said that the
healthy chocolate?
asked. trainers hadn’t made
4 Doctor: It’ s impossible for a mouthwash to her lose weight.
prevent illness. Don’t believe everything you read I got up late, so I asked my mum if she could
6 The manager said
in adverts. drive me to school.
5 (that) she was sorry.
She told her (that)
she had twenty-
WORKBOOK eight days to return
purchases. From that
p. 4
day, it was twenty-
nine days since she
had bought them.
5
 0.3 Performers 5 Read REMEMBER THIS. Complete the cartoon
caption with a/an, the or Ø (no article). Then find
examples for some of the rules in the text in
Grammar: Articles Exercise 3.
Vocabulary: Culture • The arts
REMEMBER T HIS
SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW Indefinite article a/an
1 In pairs, list as many types, genres or styles as • new information when it means ‘one of many’
an athlete, a big event, a great motivating factor, a boyfriend who you love
you can for each category in sixty seconds. • jobs – an artist
a singer, an actor, a comedian
1 Art: watercolours , 4 Dance: • frequency – twice a day
eight times a week
2 Books/Literature: • actions with have – have a chat
5 Music: have a massage
3 Cinema: 6 Theatre: Definite article the
• known information when the listener knows ‘which one(s)’
2 Choose three subjects from Exercise 1 and tell the fact that, the script, the things that, the world
• places in a town – the park
your partner how you feel about them. the theatre
• superlatives – the best
Art is really important to me. I enjoy painting the biggest challenge, the worst comedian
• some countries – the USA, the UK
with watercolours but not so much with … • newspaper names – The Guardian
• names of famous buildings – The Globe
3 CD•1.2 MP3•2 Read the article and choose a/an,
• works of art – The Mona Lisa
the or Ø (no article) to complete it. Then listen
• museums or monuments – The Eiffel Tower
and check.
• names of hotels and restaurants – The Ritz Hotel

Pre-show rituals
• organisations – the United Nations
• epochs – the Renaissance
• historical events – the Vietnam War
No article
• things in general when it means ‘all this or all these
In theatres all over 1the / Ø London, artists are getting ready things’ positive things
to perform. Most of them are too nervous to have 2Ø / a • meals – have lunch have dinner
dinner before the show, so how do they spend the few hours • most countries, continents and cities – Germany London
before the show begins? Here, three performers talk about
their pre-show rituals.
TINIE TEMPAH is 3a / Ø singer.
He prepares for a gig in the same way 4 an / the
athlete gets ready for 5the / a big event.
About an hour before the gig, he does
a lot of stretching.
Tinie Tempah

Sometimes he has
6
a / Ø massage.
Stephen Mangan

STEPHEN MANGAN is 7a / an actor. Reporter: What’s your pre-show ritual?

After six months of doing the same show Singer: Oh, I’m 1 a singer, not 2 a diva!
eight times 8the / a week, 9the / a biggest I just need 3 ø cheese, 4 a bowl of sweets
challenge is getting himself into exactly the and some water. 5 The cheese must be from
same mental state every night. He comes to 6 ø France, 7 the sweets should be blue and
the water has to be 9 ø Swiss spring water
10
a / the theatre, and sometimes he doesn’t want to be there. But 11a / the 8

fact that people are waiting to see him is 12a / Ø great motivating factor. served in 10 a Viennese glass. I’m 11 the least
demanding singer in 12 the world!
SARA PASCOE is a comedian.
She always gets nervous before a gig. She looks
Grammar Focus page 91
at 13a / the script and tries not to think about
14
Ø / the things that could go horribly wrong. 6 In pairs, look at the sentence pairs and explain
She tells herself 15Ø / the positive things like how the use of different articles changes the
Sara Pascoe

‘Who cares? Even if you’re 16the / a worst meaning.

comedian in 17a / the world, you’ve got 18Ø / a
1 a Ia love listening to music on my phone.
general statement
boyfriend who you love.’
b I love listening to the music on my phone.
the music I have downloaded on my phone
2 a I’d like to go to an art exhibition.
any art exhibition
4 Read the article again and match the performers
b I’d like to go to the art exhibition.
with their main worry a, b or c. a specific exhibition
3 a Iinprefer
general
reading books to watching films.
a making mistakes Sara Pascoe b I prefer reading the book to watching the film.
b getting into character c feeling fit a particular book that was filmed
Stephen Mangan Tinie Tempah
6

REFERENCES
CULTURE NOTES ❯❯❯ p. 110
WORKBOOK
p. 5
6
0.4 USA vs UK 5 Read REMEMBER THIS. Then complete the
cartoon caption with the correct auxiliary verbs.
Grammar: The Passive • have REMEMBER T HIS
something done
• The Passive = it isn’t important or you don’t know
Vocabulary: Politics • Society who performed an action
• Passive sentence + by + agent = a way to mention
SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW who (or what) performed an action
• have something done = you don’t perform an action
1 Complete the table. Put words and phrases with Exercise 1
yourself (somebody does it for you)
similar meanings side by side under The USA or The USA
The UK. 50 States
Dollar
Congress Conservatives 50 States
Democrats
Pound Constitutional Monarchy
98 Counties Dollar Democrats President
Houses of Parliament Labour President Republic
Prime Minister Republic Republicans Republicans

The USA The UK Your country The UK

Conservatives
Congress Houses of
Pound
Parliament
Constitutional
2 Add equivalent words to describe the institutions Monarchy
in your country. Then, in pairs, discuss similarities 98 counties
and differences between all three countries. Labour
Prime Minister
3 Read the quiz and choose the correct options.

QUIZ
American: I love your royal family, especially
William and Kate. Their wedding in 2011 1 was Exercise 4
1 The UK
shown by the biggest American TV stations. I 2 had
2 The USA
my hair done like Kate’s for the occasion! Do you
3 The USA
think George 3 will be crowned King one day?
4 The UK
Brit: Um, maybe, but he’s just a child now, so he’s
5 The USA
1 This country hasn’t been / hasn’t invaded since 1066,
when King Harold was / has defeated by William the
only interested in 4 having his meals served and the
TV tuned into his favourite cartoons. 6 The UK
Conqueror. 7 The USA
8 The UK
2 Until 1913 it was legal to have / be children sent to other
parts of this country by parcel post.
Grammar Focus page 92

6 Read some more trivia facts about the USA and

Exercise 6
3 One in eight workers in this country has had / has been
employed by McDonald’s at one time or another.
the UK. Rewrite the sentences in the passive,
using by + agent only if it is necessary. 2 Every year in
the USA around
1 Most people think that Christopher Columbus
4 Eighty percent of everything on sale in this country is /
has bought by women. discovered America.
100 criminals are
sentenced to
Most people think that America was death.
5 When Abraham Lincoln became President of this country
in 1861, slaves were still being / had still imported from
discovered by Christopher Columbus. 3 In 1811 in
2 Every year in the USA judges sentence around 100 Britain, nearly
Africa. During his presidency, Lincoln had / was slavery
criminals to death. a quarter of all
abolished.
3 In 1811 in Britain, parents named nearly a quarter girls were named

6 In 1918 women over thirty were / have allowed to vote in

elections in this country. Women over twenty-one weren’t /
of all girls Mary. Mary.
4 More tea is
4 People in the UK drink more tea than in any other
haven’t allowed to vote until 1928. country. drunk by people
in the UK than in
5 French people built the Statue of Liberty in France.
7 Eight billion chickens are / have consumed in this country
each year.
any other country.
7 Use the prompts to write questions with have 5 The Statue of
something done. Then, in pairs, ask and answer Liberty was built
8 This country’s king, Henry VIII, had been / had had
married six times and had been / had two of his wives
the questions. in France.
executed by the time he died in 1547. 1 have you ever / repair / a bicycle?
Have you ever had a bicycle repaired?
2 when did you last / test / your eyes?
When did you last have your eyes tested?
4 CD•1.3 MP3•3 Replace this country with the USA or 3 will you ever / colour / your hair?
Will you ever have your hair coloured?
the UK in Exercise 3. Then listen and check. Which 4 are you going to / redecorate / your bedroom?
Are you going to have your bedroom redecorated?
facts did you find surprising? 5 have you / pierce / your ears?
Have you had your ears pierced?
6 when did you last / take / a passport photo?
When did you last have a passport photo taken? 7

REFERENCES NEXT CLASS

CULTURE NOTES ❯❯❯ p. 110 Ask students to do Show what you
AUDIO SCRIPT ❯❯❯ p. 117 know 1.1 in the WB, p. 6.
WORKBOOK
p. 5 7