1.

TOPIC

The contribution in the assessment of the quality of drinking water distributed: a Case
Study of Tipaza, Algeria

Background

Water resources, used for our various purposes, come from surface water which can be
partly stored in dams and reservoirs of various sizes. Water supply systems and facilities for
the supply of water to consumers are regarded as a heritage of water service for which good
management is necessary to ensure its survival and proper functioning.

The use of drinking water, a key parameter in the prevention of water-related diseases,
needs special attention. This water for human consumption requires excellent physico-
chemical and microbiological quality. The most effective way to ensure the continued safety
of the drinking water supply is through a comprehensive risk assessment and management
strategy covering all stages of the water supply from intake to the consumer. Indeed, as water
travels from the treatment plant outlet to the consumer's tap, its quality may alter. The type of
pipe used can also have an effect.

The majority of Algerians drink water that is provided to them by public distribution
networks that must adhere to national standards for quality. National efforts to supply the
population with drinking water have resulted in a household connection rate of 93% in 2008
compared to 78% in 1999 and 92% in 2007. Various studies in Algeria have focused on the
physicochemical and microbiological quality of water. They were able to estimate their
potability, their suitability for irrigation, and therefore their impact on human health and the
environment. .(evalué de la qualité d’eau)

Tipaza is one of the cities of the wilaya of Tipaza, almost all of its population is connected
to the drinking water distribution network. Due to the lack of periodic monitoring of the water
quality distributed by SEAAL in this city, which is one of its main tasks, the purpose of this
study is to contribute to the quality control of water intended for consumption at the level of
this city on several samples taken at different sites with different types of pipe used (PVC, PE
and steel) and comparing the results to local drinking water standards to determine the quality
of the city’s water.
 Problem statement

The quality of water is an indication of the natural and artificial conditions and processes
occurring upstream of the part that is sampled for quality determination. The quality of water,
whether used for drinking, domestic purposes, food production or recreational purposes has
an important impact on health. Water of poor quality can cause disease outbreaks and it can
contribute to background rates of disease manifesting themselves on different time scales
(nigeria).

The study area is characterized by high cancer incidence and the cause is not yet known.
Due to the lack of periodic monitoring of the quality of the water distributed as mentioned
earlier, there is a high probability that the water distributed in this city is the main reason for
this disease. Faced with this situation, we wonder: what quality of water do the inhabitants of
this region consume? And does that pose a risk to human health?

The objectives

Main objective

To contribute in the assessment of the quality of drinking water distributed in Tipaza city.

Specific objectives

To assess the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of water consumed by citizens

at different locations in the study area.

To verify that the potable water consumed by populations in the study area is not harmful
to health.

2. Literature review

Introduction

Water is a life-sustaining necessity (man, animals, plants). It is an essential component of

human existence and a strategic resource. It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless in its purest
form, but due to animal and human activity, it is frequently contaminated with human and
solid waste, chemical industry effluents, and dissolved gases. One of the important indicators
for evaluating the quality of services offered to customers is water quality (Nigeria). Water's
aesthetic value and public health as a consumable product are both impacted by quality
(jwrb202002).

Water situation in Algeria

The water problem in Algeria is really concerning. In coastal cities, the population is still
congested, water supplies are declining per person, and daily life in big cities is stressful
(MILANA).

Only 2.56 billion cubic meters of Algeria's 53 dams' 5.80 billion cubic meter capacity are
regulated annually (MILANA).

Physical parameters of water

 Temperature

The solubility of gases and salts depends largely on the temperature of the water. For every
10°C rise in temperature, the velocities of chemical and biological reactions increase by a
factor of 2 to 3.(hamam bouzian)

 Hydrogen potential (pH)

pH affects the physicochemical equilibrium. It interferes with other factors including

temperature, hardness, and alkalinity. Typically, it ranges between 7.2 and 7.6. .(hamam
bouzian)

 electrical conductivity

The conductance of a water column between two metal electrodes with a combined surface
area of 1 cm2 and a distance of 1 cm represents the electrical conductivity of water. Beyond
2000 S/cm, the situation is typically regarded as special or abnormal. .(evalué de la qualité
d’eau)

 Turbidity

Clays, silts, silica grains, organic materials, and other suspended, particularly colloidal
particles contribute to the turbidity of water. evalué de la qualité d’eau)
Chemical parameters of water