WHAT IS

PLAGIARISM?
PLAGIARISM AND ITS TYPES

BY RYCHIE CRUZ, SEIRA SHIGE, AND GERIMAR MATCHA

PLAGIARISM
 PLAGIARISM
"Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s work or
ideas as your own, with or without their consent,
by incorporating it into your work without full
acknowledgement. All published and unpublished
material, whether in manuscript, printed or
electronic form, is covered under this definition.
Plagiarism may be intentional or reckless, or
unintentional. Under the regulations for
examinations, intentional or reckless plagiarism
is a disciplinary offense."
University of Oxford: Plagiarism. © University of Oxford 2022, England,
https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism.
 "According to U.S. law, the expression of
original ideas is considered intellectual
property and is protected by copyright
laws, just like original inventions. Almost
all forms of expression fall under copyright
protection as long as they are recorded in
some way (such as a book or a computer
file)."
 Things considered as plagiarism:
"- turning in someone else's work as your own
- copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
- failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
- giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
- changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without
giving credit
- copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority
of your work
- whether you give credit or not "

 TYPES OF
PLAGIARISM
Art and Tracing Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism
Hired Plagiarism
Borrowed Plagiarism
Collaboration Plagiarism

Art and Tracing

Plagiarism
 Art and Tracing Plagiarism
"Art plagiarism is more than just copying a piece of art found online
or otherwise. Plagiarists can reproduce sketches, photos,
sculptures, and paintings without crediting the original creator,
and posting these works online with a filter or a few modifications
still counts as plagiarism."
Two types of Art Plagiarism:
Art Theft
Art Tracing
 Art Theft
"Art theft is the provable stealing and publishing of someone else’s
work as your own without consent from the original artist. Generally,
the plagiarist would take dominant elements or themes from the
original piece, apply them to theirs with a few adjustments, then
claim the entire work as their own."

Art Tracing
"Tracing, on the other hand, involves directly and fully duplicating
the original work but still adding modifications like changing colors
or flipping the traced art backward. These changes still don’t make
the art unique, and it falls under plagiarism."
“The Most Scandalous Cases of Plagiarism in Art.” 360 MAGAZINE, Vaughn Lower, 8 December 2020,
https://www.the360mag.com/the-most-scandalous-cases-of-plagiarism-in-art/.
 Example:
“In 2016, Zara, a prominent fast-fashion retail brand from Spain, clashed with Los
Angeles based independent artist Tuesday Bassen. The dispute arose because of the global
brand’s use of the illustrator’s pin designs without her consent.

The designs had been added to a new line of Zara’s products, with Bassen only finding out
when her fans contacted her after noticing the similarities. Zara showed no remorse for
their actions, refusing to acknowledge any wrongdoing.

The retail brand even pointed out that complaints related to the similarities in design were
insignificant compared to the overall traffic that the company attracted. This callous
response caused uproar within the artistic community. It also highlighted the struggles
endured by independent brands and artists in the industry when going up against big
corporations.”

Direct Plagiarism
 Direct Plagiarism
"In instances of direct plagiarism, the writer takes most
of his or her draft almost word-for-word from another
source. Even though the writer eliminates some
sentences from the original, she or he still uses another
person's words and ideas and tries to pass them off as his
or her own. The writer uses no quotation marks to
distinguish his or her own words from those that are from
the source, and she or he provides no citations to
acknowledge that the material comes from another
source."
 Example:
Student Writer A: Long ago, when there was
no written history, these islands were the
home of millions of happy birds; the resort of a
hundred times more millions of fishes, sea
lions, and other creatures. Here lived
innumerable creatures predestined from the
creation of the world to lay up a store of
wealth for the British farmer, and a store of
quite another sort for an immaculate
Republican government.
 Source: "In ages which have no record these
islands were the home of millions of happy birds,
the resort of a hundred times more millions of
fishes, of sea lions, and other creatures whose
names are not so common; the marine residence,
in fact, of innumerable creatures predestined
from the creation of the world to lay up a store of
wealth for the British farmer, and a store of quite
another sort for an immaculate Republican
government."
Hired Plagiarism
 Hired Plagiarism
"This form of plagiarism involves hiring someone to write
something for you or purchasing a written work. You might
think there’s nothing wrong with spending your hard-earned
dollars on someone else’s labor or writing, but it’s still passing
off someone else’s work as your own.
For example, you might pay a writer to write your term paper,
then submit it to your professor as your own work."

Borrowed Plagiarism
 Borrowed Plagiarism
"Borrowing the structure of another author's
phrases or sentences without crediting the author
from whom it came.
This kind of plagiarism usually occurs out of
laziness: it is easier to replicate another writer's
style than to think about what you have read and
then put it in your own words."

 Example:
Original: If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling for
linguists, it was also startling news for animal behaviorists.
Unacceptable borrowing of words: An ape who knew sign language
unsettled linguists and startled animal behaviorists.
Unacceptable borrowing of sentence structure: If the presence of a
sign-language-using chimp was disturbing for scientists studying
language, it was also surprising to scientists studying animal
behavior.
Acceptable paraphrasing: When they learned of an ape's ability to
use sign language, both linguists and animal behaviorists were taken
by surprise.

Collaboration Plagiarism
 Collaboration Plagiarism
In collaboration plagiarism, a group of
students collaborate on a research project,
but one of them acts as if he did it alone. The
student claims it, and it is not completely
original. Therefore, when you start writing
your work, keep these plagiarism types in
mind and create zero plagiarism work.
Otherwise, you will face disciplinary action if
you commit plagiarism.

 Why should you

avoid plagiarism?
 Any more
questions? Feel
free to ask!
If that's all, then
thank you for
listening!
 References and Sources
University of Oxford: Plagiarism. © University of Oxford 2022, England, https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism.

Plagiarism.org.: What is Plagiarism?. Plagiarism.org., 18 May 2017, https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism.

“The Most Scandalous Cases of Plagiarism in Art.” 360 MAGAZINE, Vaughn Lower, 8 December 2020, https://www.the360mag.com/the-most-scandalous-
cases-of-plagiarism-in-art/.

The top retailer in the world has a dirty little secret and it's spiraling out of control.''Zara Accused of Copying Artist and Designers''. 26 July 2016,
https://www.businessinsider.com/zara-accused-of-copying-artists-and-designers-2016-7.

Northern Illinois University Academic Integrity Tutorials: “Insufficient Citation of partial quotations.” 21 August 2005, https://www.niu.edu/academic-
integrity/students/plagiarism/direct-plagiarism.shtml.

“Examples of Plagiarism.” Dean of Students, 17 Jan. 2022, https://www.bowdoin.edu/dean-of-students/conduct-review-board/academic-honesty-and-

plagiarism/examples.html?fbclid=IwAR3nQheWHf6jif_etteINFYfYtpiIvEsWGW7s58V3ARnjA0YLCNHbMO7mT0.

“Plagiarism.” Plagiarism and Student Writing,

https://depts.washington.edu/pswrite/plag.html#:~:text=Borrowing%20the%20structure%20of%20another,it%20in%20your%20own%20words.

Park, Alvin. “What Is Plagiarism?: Types of Plagiarism Explained.” What Is Plagiarism? | Types of Plagiarism Explained, YOURDICTIONARY,
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/12-different-types-of-plagiarism-to-avoid.html.

“Examples of Plagiarism.” Dean of Students, 17 Jan. 2022, https://www.bowdoin.edu/dean-of-students/conduct-review-board/academic-honesty-and-

plagiarism/examples.html?fbclid=IwAR3nQheWHf6jif_etteINFYfYtpiIvEsWGW7s58V3ARnjA0YLCNHbMO7mT0.

“Plagiarism.” Plagiarism and Student Writing,

https://depts.washington.edu/pswrite/plag.html#:~:text=Borrowing%20the%20structure%20of%20another,it%20in%20your%20own%20words.