A

Technical Seminar Report

on

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

GANDLA SUMANTH - 20845A0407

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. MD NIZAMUDDIN SALMAN

Associate Professor

Department of electronics and communication engineering

AURORA’S TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

(Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad) Parvathapur,
Uppal, Hyderabad-500 098
2022-23

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 AURORA’S TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
(Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade)
(Approved by AICTE and Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)
Parvathapur, Uppal, Hyderabad-500 098
2022-23

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled ORGANIC LIGHT

EMITTING DIODE has been submitted by GANDLA SUMANTH bearing Roll No.

20845A0407 under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology

in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological

University Hyderabad during the academic year 2022-23.

Date:

Name of the Supervisor Seminar Coordinator

Dr. Nizamuddin Salman Mrs. K. Aparna
Associate Professor Sr. Assistant Professor

Head of the Department Director

Mr M Shravan Kumar Reddy Mr. Srikanth Jatla

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 Acknowledgement

I profoundly grateful to express my deep sense of gratitude and respect towards our guide, Dr.
Nizamuddin Salman, Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, AURORA'S TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH
INSTITUTE, PARVATHAPUR, for his excellent guidance right from selection of seminar
and his valuable suggestions throughout the seminar work. I am thankful to him for giving
opportunity to work in the laboratory at any time. His constant encouragement and support has
been the cause for us to success, in completing this seminar in the college. He has given us a
tremendous support both technical and moral front.

I am thankful to Mrs. K. Aparna, Associate Professor, seminar coordinator for her valuable
suggestions and support in completion of the seminar.

I am thankful to Mr. M. Shravan Kumar Reddy, HOD ECE seminar Review Committee
members for their valuable suggestions and support in completion of the seminar.

I am thankful to Mr. Srikanth Jatla, Director, AURORA'S TECHNOLOGICAL AND

RESEARCH INSTITUTE for the support during and till the completion of the seminar.

I extend our thanks to College Management for their support and encouragement for the success
of our seminar.

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 Abstract
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive
electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound that emits light in response to an electric
current. This layer of organic semiconductor is situated between two electrodes; typically, at
least one of these electrodes is transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices
such as television screens, computer monitors, portable systems such as mobile phones,
handheld game consoles and PDAs. A major area of research is the development of white
OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications. There are two main families of
OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to
an OLED creates a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) which has a slightly different
mode of operation. OLED displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix
(AMOLED) addressing schemes. Passive matrix OLEDs (PMOLED) uses a simple control
scheme in which you control each row (or line) in the display sequentially whereas active-
matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) require a thin-film transistor backplane to switch each individual
pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger display sizes. An OLED display works
without a backlight; thus, it can display deep black levels and can be thinner and lighter than a
liquid crystal display (LCD). In low ambient light conditions (such as a dark room), an OLED
screen can achieve a higher contrast ratio than an LCD, regardless of whether the LCD uses
cold cathode fluorescent lamps or an LED backlight.

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 INDEX
S.no. Contents Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Overview 1
1.2 History 1
1.3 Features of OLED 2

2 STRUCTURE OF OLED 3

2.1 What is OLED? 3

2.2 Structure of OLED 3
2.3 How do OLEDs Emit Light? 4

3 FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY OF OLED 6

3.1 Steps of fabrication 6

3.2 Methods of fabrication 7

4 WORKING AND TYPES OF OLED 11

4.1 Working principle 11

4.2 Types of OLED 14
4.3 Components of OLED 18

5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OLED 19

5.1 Advantages and disadvantages 19

5.2 Problems of OLED 20

6 CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF OLED 21

7 CONCLUSIONS 23

8 REFERENCES 24

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

2.1 OLED 3
2.2 Structure Of OLED 4
2.3 OLEDs Emitting Light 4
3.1 Inkjet Printing 10
4.1 Excitation Layers of OLED 11
4.2 Two Different Ways of Decay 12
4.3 Organic Layer 12
4.4 Layers Of OLED 14
4.5 Passive Matrix of OLED 15
4.6 Active matrix of OLED 16
4.7 Transparent OLED 16
4.8 Top emitting structure of OLED 17
4.9 Foldable OLED 17
4.10 White light of OLED 18
6.1 Digital camera 21
6.2 OLED 21
6.3 Flexible OLED 22