Global Culture and Tourism Geography Prelim Exam Reviewer

1. Geographical Concept of the World

1.1. An Introduction to the geography of the world

GLOBAL TOURISM

 travelling from one nation to another. 

 means it is a temporary movement of people from their home country.
 done for recreation, business, and leisure activities. 

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS & FORECASTS

 1.5 billion international tourist arrivals were recorded in 2019, globally. 

 A 4% increase on the previous year, which is also forecast for 2020, confirming
tourism as a leading and resilient economic sector, especially in view of current
uncertainties. By the same token, this calls for such growth to be managed
responsibly to best seize the opportunities tourism can generate for communities
around the world.

GEOGRAPHY HAS TWO DIVISIONS NAMELY:

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HUMAN OR CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY

Ø Study of origin
Ø Landforms Ø Distribution of population
Ø Climates Ø Various settlement patterns
Ø Oceans Ø Man’s productive activities
Ø Natural resources

Geographia- its greek word which means “earth description”.

EARTH- it is a minor planet bound to an extraordinary star in the outskirts of a galaxy known
as the MILKY WAY, far out in the immeasurable universe

STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

 Crust- the outermost layer which covers the earth like a thin skin. It is made up of
three kinds of rock namely: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
 Mantle- beneath the crust, a thick layer.
 Core- occupies the central region.
MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH

 Rotation- it makes one complete turn, always towards the east, approximately 24
hours, a period of time we call a day.
 Revolution- the period of time required for the earth to complete one journey is
approximately 365 and ¼ days.
 Time Determination- can be determined by this movement of the sun by using a
sundial, which tells time by the position of a shadow on a dial.
 The Seasonal Changes- division of the year into dry or wet.

Summer- a part of the year which heating is greatest.

Winter- a part of the year which heating is least.

Spring- period between winter and summer.

Autumn- period between summer and winter.

THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

1. Atmosphere is divided into regions namely: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere,

and Ionosphere.
2. Weather- is a local and temporary condition in the air or the atmosphere.
3. Climate- it includes the daily, seasonal, and yearly variations in the weather.
4. Elements: Temperature, Precipitation, Humidity, Atmospheric Pressure and Wind.
5. Factors: Latitude, Altitude, Distribution of Land and Water Bodies, Orographic
Barriers, Pressure and Wind, Ocean Currents and Storms.

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

1.GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

 Built as the tomb of fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu.

 Build by the Egyptians

 Still standing

2.HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLON

 Diodorus Siculus described multi-leveled gardens reaching 75 feet high, complete

with machinery for circulating water. Built by Nebuchadnezzar II for his
wife Amytisof Media.
  Build by the Babylonians

 Cause of destruction: Earthquake

3.STATUE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA

 Occupied the whole width of the aisle of the temple that was built to house it, and
was 40 feet tall.

 Build by Greeks

 Cause of destruction: presumed Earthquake or Fire

4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

 Dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis, it took 120 years to build. 

 Build by the Greeks and Persians

 Cause of destruction: Arson

5. Colossus of Rhodes

 A giant statue of the Greek god Helios,  110 feet tall.

 Build by the Greeks

 Cause of destruction: Earthquake

6. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

 Stood approximately 135 feet tall with each of the four sides adorned with
sculptural reliefs. Origin of the word mausoleum, a tomb built for Mausolus,
a satrap in the Persian Empire

 Build by the Greeks and Persians

 Cause of destruction: Earthquake

7. Lighthouse of Alexandria

 Between 383 - 440 feet tall, it was among the tallest structures on Earth for many
centuries.
  Build by the Greeks

 Cause of destruction: Earthquake

NEW SEVEN WONDERS OF NATURE

1.AMAZON RAINFOREST

 Also known as Amazonia
 The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by volume, with a total flow greater
than the top ten rivers worldwide combined. 

2.Halong Bay

 Is in Quáng Ninh province, Vietnam. 

 The bay features thousands of limestone karsts and isles in various sizes and shapes. 
 The bay has 1969 islets. 

3.Iguazu Falls

 Of the 275 falls that collectively make up Iguassu Falls, “Devil’s Throat” is the tallest
at 80 m in height. 
 Iguazu Falls are on the border between the Brazilian state of Paraná and the
Argentine province of Misiones are surrounded by two National Parks.

4. Jeju Island

 The largest island and smallest province in Korea

5. Komodo National Park

 Indonesia’s Komodo National Park includes the three larger islands Komodo, Rinca
and Padar.
 The national park was founded in 1980 to protect the Komodo dragon. 

6. Puerto Princesa Underground River

 It features a limestone karst mountain landscape with an 8.2 km. navigable

underground river.
 It includes major formations of stalactites and stalagmites, and several large
chambers. 
 The underground river is reputed to be the world’s longest. 

7. Table Mountain
  Is a South African icon and the only natural site on the planet to have a constellation
of stars named after it – Mensa, meaning “the table.”
 It is the most recognized site in Cape Town, the gateway to Africa.

IATA Traffic Conference Area 3 (TC3)

 Review: ASEAN (excluding Philippines) + 3: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia,

Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, China,
Korea, and Japan

 South Asian Subcontinent Sub Area: Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,

Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh

 Southwest Pacific Sub Area: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New

Guinea, Nauru, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Kiribati, New Caledonia,
Niue, Independent State of Samoa, Solomon Island, Tonga, Vanuatu and
Wallis & Futuna Islands

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN
Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
 ASEAN

Tourism Sector – Overview

1976 - the formalization of the tourism cooperation among the ASEAN Member States
1977 - the ASEAN Leaders agreed to establish a Committee on Trade and Tourism, as one of
the five permanent Committees under the purview of the ASEAN Economic Ministers
1981 - ASEAN established the ASEAN Tourism Forum (ATF)
- an avenue for the ASEAN governments to engage with private sector and relevant
civil society organisations to promote ASEAN as a single tourism destination.

1987 – Manila Declaration

- encouraged more intra-ASEAN travel and a development of a viable and competitive
tourist industry

1997 – Meeting of the ASEAN Tourism Ministers

- the ASEAN Leaders agreed to have a stand-alone sectoral body for managing the
tourism sector

1998 January (meeting in Cebu City,Philippines)

- Ministerial Understanding on ASEAN Cooperation in Tourism –the document
provides the development and promotion of ASEAN as a single tourism destination
with world-class standards, facilities, and attractions
2002 November 4, Eight ASEAN Summit in Phnom Penh,Cambodia-ASEAN Tourism
Agreement
- ASEAN’s commitment to engage the private sector as a policy to improve the efficiency
and competitiveness of ASEAN’s tourism sector
- ASEAN Member States commit to cooperate closely infacilitating:
- Intra-ASEAN and international travel, provide greater market access under the ASEAN Framework
Agreement on Services,
- develop quality tourism, ensure the safety and security of travelers, actively conduct joint marketing and
promotion, and develop human resources in the tourism andt ravel industry.