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Wip - Section 08 - Piling Work
Wip - Section 08 - Piling Work
- Kết quả thí nghiệm mẫu bê tông / Test results of concrete samples;
- Lưới thép tăng cường và vành thép bó đầu cọc / Reinforced wire mesh and pile head rim;
- Mối hàn cốt thép chủ vào vành thép / Welding of the master reinforcement to the steel rim;
- Sự đồng đều của lớp bê tông bảo vệ / The uniformity of the protective concrete layer;
- Sự cân xứng của cốt thép trong tiết diện cọc / The symmetry of the reinforcement in the pile section;
- Độ vuông góc của tiết diện các đầu cọc với trục / The perpendicularity of the cross section of the pile ends to the shaft;
- Độ chụm đều đặn của mũi cọc / Regular precision of pile tip;
5.1.3 Không được dùng các đoạn cọc có độ sai lệch về kích thước vượt quá quy định trong Bảng 1 và có vết nứt rộng hơn 0,2 mm.
Độ sâu vết nứt ở góc không quá 10 mm, tổng diện tích do lẹm, sứt góc và rỗ tổ ong không lớn hơn 5 % tổng diện tích bề mặt cọc và
không quá tập trung / Pile segments with size deviations beyond those specified in Table 1 and with cracks wider than 0.2 mm are
not allowed. The depth of the corner crack is not more than 10 mm, the total area due to undercut, corner chipping and honeycomb is
not more than 5% of the total pile surface area and not too concentrated.
5.2.1 Cọc thép thường được chế tạo từ thép ống hoặc thép hình cán nóng. Chiều dài các đoạn cọc chọn theo kích thước của không
gian thi công cũng như kích thước và năng lực của thiết bị hạ cọc/ Steel piles are usually made from hot-rolled tubular or section
steel. The length of the pile segments is selected according to the size of the construction space as well as the size and capacity of
the pile lowering equipment..
5.2.2 Mặt đầu các đoạn cọc phải phẳng và vuông góc với trục cọc, độ nghiêng không lớn hơn 1 % / The top face of pile segments
must be flat and perpendicular to the pile axis, the inclination is not more than 1 %..
5.2.3 Chiều dày của cọc thép lấy theo quy định của thiết kế thường bằng chiều dày chịu lực theo tính toán cộng với chiều dày chịu
ăn mòn / The thickness of steel piles taken as specified by the design is usually equal to the calculated bearing thickness plus the
corrosion resistant thickness.
5.2.4 Trong trường hợp cần thiết có thể được bảo vệ bằng phun vữa xi măng mác cao, chất dẻo hoặc phương pháp điện hoá / In
case of necessity, it can be protected by spraying high-grade cement mortar, plastic or electrochemical method.
5.2.5 Các đoạn cọc thép được nối hàn, chiều cao và chiều dài đường hàn phải tuân theo thiết kế / Welded sections of steel piles, the
height and length of the weld line must comply with the design..
Bảng 1- Mức sai lệch cho phép về kích thước cọc / Deviation of pile dimension
2. Kích thước cạnh (đường kính ngoài) tiết diện của cọc đặc (hoặc rỗng +5
giữa), mm
7. Góc nghiêng của mặt đầu cọc với mặt phẳng thẳng góc trục cọc:
2. Kích thước cạnh (đường kính ngoài) tiết diện của cọc đặc (hoặc rỗng +5
giữa), mm
7. Góc nghiêng của mặt đầu cọc với mặt phẳng thẳng góc trục cọc:
2 08-3 Công tác Tiêu chuẩn Việt Nam: - Sai số cho phép đóng cọc / Pile driving deviation:
TCVN 9394-2012 Đóng
đóng cọc và ép cọc – Thi công và 8.5 Độ lệch so với vị trí thiết kế của trục cọc trên mặt bằng không được vượt quá trị số nêu trong
nghiệm thu (Điều 8.5) Bảng 11 hoặc ghi trong thiết kế.
Bảng 11- Độ lệch trên mặt bằng / Deviation on the plan view
Loại cọc và cách bố trí chúng Độ lệch trục cọc cho phép
c) Chi bố trí quá 3 hàng trên hình băng hoặc bãi cọc
d) Cọc đơn 5 cm
e) Cọc chống 3 cm
a) Cọc biên 10 cm
b) Cọc giữa 15 cm
3) Cọc hạ qua ống khoan dẫn (khi xây dựng cầu) Độ lệch trục tại mức trên cùng của ống dẫn đã
được lắp chắc chắn không vượt quá 0,025D ở bến
nước (ở đây D là độ sâu của nước tại nơi lắp ống
dẫn) và ± 25 mm ở vũng không nước
CHÚ THÍCH: số cọc bị lệch không nên vượt quá 25 % tổng số cọc khi bố trí theo dải, còn khi bố trí cụm dưới cột không
nên quá 5 %. Khả năng dùng cọc có độ lệch lớn hơn các trị số trong Bảng 11 sẽ do Thiết kế quy định.
Tiêu chuẩn Anh / British standard:
Table B.1.4 Standard installation tolerances / Bảng B.1.4 Sai lệch tiêu chuẩn khi thi công lắp đặt
Plan position for piles Maximum permitted deviation of the finished exposed
Vị trí mặt bằng cho cọc face of the pile element at any level
Sai số cho phép tối đa của lớp mặt hoàn thiện của
cọc ở bất kỳ cao độ nào
Element / Cấu kiện Cut-off level Cut-off level Method Technique Tolerance Depth
above or at below Phương Công nghệ Sai số of pile
commencing commencing pháp interlock
surface surface Cọc
Cao độ cắt Cao độ cắt ống
cọc trên hoặc cọc dưới bề thép
tại bề mặt mài mặt mài interloc
mòn mòn k
All bearing piles / Tất cả các cọc 75 mm in any 75 mm in any Vertical / Thẳng đứng 1 : 75 N/A
chịu direction direction plus
75mm bất cứ additional Rake / Độ xiên , 1 : 6 1 : 25 N/A
trường hợp tolerance in
nào accordance with Rake / Độ xiên . 1 : 6 1 : 15 N/A
rake and vertical
deviation
75mm trong bất
cứ trường hợp
nào theo sai số
theo chiều xiên
hoặc thẳng
đứng
* See C1.8 for an explanation of augers comprising thickened stems.CFA = continuous flight auger piles.
* Xem C1.8 để biết giải thích về máy khoan bao gồm chuôi dày.CFA = cọc khoan guồng xoắn liên tục
1.2. Annex A
(normative)
1.3. Type test method for the verification of robustness and rigidity of pile joints
A.1 Impact load test with subsequent bending test
A.1.1 Principle
Impact load test with subsequent bending test consisting of submitting a segmental pile
with cast in pile joint to a series of impact loads, which generates substantial stresses in
the pile joint and in the pile segments. After impact test the gap between two joint halves
is measured and the segmental pile is submitted to a two point load bending test, where
the bending capacity of the pile joint is determined.
A.1.2 Apparatus
pile driving rig with an impact hammer capable of achieving adequate stresses to the pile joint.
The pile driving rig shall be capable of maintaining the submitted impact loads to an accuracy of
10 % of the specified value;
loading device for applying two equal vertical loads. The device shall be capable of increasing the
load continuously and maintaining the chosen load level constant for the required time (3 minutes
to 5 minutes). The force applied shall be measured to an accuracy of 3 %;
gauges for measuring deflections of the segmental pile due to imposed load during bending test to
an accuracy of 0,1 mm;
gauge for measuring gap between two joints halves to an accuracy of 0,1 mm.
The test specimen is the segmental pile composed of two pile joint components.
When impact test is performed the length of the upper pile segment shall be at least 3
m. The bottom pile segment may be provided with a pile shoe and shall have a length,
which ensures that the joint will remain above the ground during the impact test.
The three test specimens, one per test, are assumed to be identical.
The test piling shall take place in a well-defined area, where geotechnical investigation
shows sufficient soil bearing capacity in a suitable depth. A reinforced foundation slab in
the prescribed depth can also be used as a footing to increase the resistance during the
driving operations.
The bottom pile segment is driven vertically until it stands firmly imbedded in the soil in
such a way that the pile joint is above the ground and can be observed during the whole
test. Care should be taken that failure in the pile does not occur, due to high stresses
during driving.
After driving of the bottom segment the upper segmental pile is jointed to the lower
segment.
The impact load test consists of impact blows to the segmental pile generating
compressive/tensile stresses around the pile joint. The number of impact blows and the
compressive stress level around the pile joint shall be according to pile joint class. The
stress level in the pile is monitored by means of stress wave measurements.
After each 500 blows the joint and the pile section around the joint is visually examined,
and findings are recorded. The penetration of the pile is also recorded. In addition to
this, the alignment between the bottom - and top section of the pile is controlled to be
not more than inclination 1:150.
For the test, the segmental pile is cut to a length having slenderness (pile
length/minimum dimension of the pile cross-section) between 11 and 12.
For the measurement of the gap v0 between two joint halves without external loading the
segmental pile is supported as shown in Figure A.1. The gap v1 is measured when the
segmental pile (loaded only by its own weight) is supported in the middle where the pile
joint is located and gap v2 is measured when the segmental pile (loaded only by its own
weight) is supported at both ends to an accuracy of 0,1 mm. The gap v0 is calculated
from the equation: v0 = (v1 + v2)/2.
Figure A.1 — Measurement of the gap v0 between two joint halves without
external loading
For the loading test the segmental pile is placed on two supports so that it is tested in its
weakest direction with a span equal to 10 times the minimum dimension of the pile
cross-section but at least 3 m. The pile joint shall be situated exactly in the middle of the
span. In Figure A.2 the distance a is equal to L/3 2 times the minimum dimension of
the pile cross section.
The test pile is loaded with two equal point loads in the third point of the span as
deflection is measured using three gauges, which are installed in point ai (at the middle of the
span) and in points al and ar at a distance of (0,5 a) from the middle on the span (see also Figure
A.2);
the first deflection measurement is made when the pile is exposed to its own weight only (zero
reading). The increase of each load step is chosen in order that at least 10 load steps are made
before ultimate bending moment has been reached. After each load step the load is kept constant
for about 3 minutes before reading the gauges;
the gap, on the lower side of the test specimen, between the two joint halves, shall be measured
and recorded during the test for each load step to an accuracy of 0,1 mm;
the failure load; the test is carried on to the point when failure in the test specimen occurs.
m = deflection in the middle of the span = i – (l + r)/2 where i, l and r are
respectively the displacements of points ai, al and ar.
If all 3 test specimens perform satisfactorily during the impact test, e.g. no failure occurs
in the pile joint during the driving test and failure in the pile joint during the bending test
occurs after the calculated bending moment in the pile joint has been reached, then the
test shall be deemed satisfactory.
name of this Annex A and title of test method (impact load test with subsequent bending test);
material certificate of the components of tested pile joints including measured material strengths;
dates and place of manufacture of tested pile joints and pile segments;
place and date of testing, testing institute and name of the person responsible for testing;
total number of impact blows and stress levels around the pile joint;
observations, penetration of the pile and inclination of pile top and bottom segments after each
500 blows in impact test;
observations of the test specimens (e.g. cracks or deflection) before bending test;
load chart and load deflection diagram in bending test (deflections as absolute values);
calculated bending moment in the pile joint taking into account the declared strength of the
materials, for short term loading using m = 1
deleted text
flexural stiffness of the pile joint at the level of 0,75 x calculated bending moment of the pile joint using
m = 1;
1.4. Annex E
(normative)
1.5. Method to measure perpendicularity of the pile top, pile bottom or pile joint
against pile axis
E.1 Principle
A square (longer arm at least 800 mm) rests against spacers so that longer arm is
against one of the longitudinal moulded surface of the pile, see Figure E.1. The angular
deviation of the pile top, pile bottom or pile joint against one of the longitudinal moulded
surface is determined as shown in Figure E.1 for corner A. Distance reading of the
measuring point shall be measured with an accuracy of 0,2 mm. Angular deviation is
distance reading of the measuring point (thickness of the spacer subtracted) divided with
a distance between corner A and measuring point.
Measurements of angular deviation shall be done in two directions (e.g. horizontal and
vertical direction as shown in Figure E.2).
NOTE Measuring equipment which measures angular deviation in two directions same time can be used.
Results of angular deviation in both two directions are recorded. Test result is the greater
value.
Key
1 Measuring point
2 Spacer
3 Square
4 Corner A
Key
1 Upper surface
2 Corner A