PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

URDANETA CITY CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022-2023, FIRST SEMESTER

LABORATORY REPORT
IN
CONTROL ENGINEERING

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Jarred Jeff B. Tañedo Engr. Miguel Albert Calizar
 LABORATORY REPORT BS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CONTROL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 01

Functional Tests of Sensors

OBJECTIVE:

 To be familiar with the (1) functional tests of sensors

ACTIVITY:

 Identify different sensors used in the industry. (at least 7 sensors)

 Discuss the functions and draw (simple illustration) of each component.
 Propose a prototype system using different sensors, used in the industry. (at least 3
proposal)

Flame Sensors

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Flame Detectors are optoelectronic devices used to sense the presence and quality of
fire and provide signals to the inputs of control devices. A flame detector typically relies
on ultraviolet or infrared detection of the presence of flame and finds use in many
combustion control applications such as burners. A key specification is detector type.
Flame detectors find applications in safety settings too, such as in under-the-hood fire
suppression systems. More information about flame sensors may be found in our
related guide All About Flame Sensors
Temperature Sensors

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Temperature Sensors/Detectors/Transducers are electronic devices that detect thermal

parameters and provide signals to the inputs of control and display devices. A
temperature sensor typically relies on an RTD or thermistor to measure temperature
and convert it to an output voltage. Key specifications include sensor/detector type,
maximum and minimum measurable temperatures, as well as the dimensions of
diameter and length. Temperature sensors are used to measure the thermal
characteristics of gases, liquids, and solids in many process industries and are
configured for both general- and special-purpose uses. More information about
temperature sensors may be found in our related guide All About Temperature Sensors.
Radiation Sensors

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Radiation Sensors/Detectors are electronic devices that sense the presence of alpha,
beta, or gamma particles and provide signals to counters and display devices. Key
specifications include sensor type and minimum and maximum detectable energies.
Radiation detectors are used for surveys and sample counting. More information about
radiation sensors may be fou
nd in our related guide All About Radiation Detectors.
Proximity Sensors

Proximity Sensors are electronic devices used to detect the presence of nearby objects
through non-contacting means. A proximity sensor can detect the presence of objects
usually within a range of up to several millimeters, and, doing so, produce a usually dc

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output signal to a controller. Proximity sensors are used in countless manufacturing
operations to detect the presence of parts and machine components. Key specifications
include sensor type, maximum sensing distance, minimum & maximum operating
temperatures, along with dimensions of diameter and length. Proximity sensors are
generally short-range devices but are available too in designs that can detect objects up
to several inches away. One commonly used type of proximity sensor is known as a
capacitive proximity sensor. This device uses the change in capacitance resulting from
a reduction in the separation distance between the plates of a capacitor, one plate of
which is attached to the object being observed, as a means of determining motion and
position of the object from the sensor. More information on proximity sensors may be
found in our related guides All About Proximity Sensors and Capacitive Proximity
Sensors.
Pressure Sensors

Pressure Sensors/Detectors/Transducers are electro-mechanical devices that detect

forces per unit area in gases or liquids and provide signals to the inputs of control and
display devices. A pressure sensor/transducer typically uses a diaphragm and strain
gage bridge to detect and measure the force exerted against a unit area. Key
specifications include sensor function, minimum and maximum working pressures, full-
scale accuracy, along with any features particular to the device. Pressure sensors are
used wherever information about the pressure of a gas or liquid is needed for control or

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measurement. More information on pressure sensors may be found in our related
guide Common Types of Pressure Sensors.
Position Sensors

Position Sensors/Detectors/Transducers are electronic devices used to sense the

positions of valves, doors, throttles, etc. and supply signals to the inputs of control or
display devices. Key specifications include sensor type, sensor function, measurement
range, and features that are specific to the sensor type. Position sensors are used
wherever positional information is needed in a myriad of control applications. A common
position transducer is a so-called string-pot, or string potentiometer. More information
about position sensors may be found in our related guide All About Position Sensors.
See also proximity sensors.

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Photoelectric Sensors

Photoelectric sensors are electrical devices that sense objects passing within their field
of detection, although they are also capable of detecting color, cleanliness, and location
if needed. These sensors rely on measuring changes in the light they emit using an
emitter and a receiver. They are common in manufacturing and material handling
automation for purposes such as counting, robotic picking, and automatic doors and
gates.

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