By

Professor Dr. Abdel Sattar Dahab

Ldp = Length of drillpipe, foot
Wdp= weight of drillpipe per unit length
Ldc = Length of drillcollars, foot
Wdc= Weight of drillcollars per unit length
BF = Buoyancy factor
where;
 ɣm is the specific gravity of mud
 ƍm is the density of mud
 ɣs is the specific gravity of steel = 7.85
 ƍs is the density of steel = 489.5 lb/ft3
 Pa = 0.9 Pt
MOP = 0.9 Pt – P
Where;
Pa Max. allowable design load in tension, lb
Pt Theoretical yield strength from API tables, lb
MOP Margin of Overpull;, lb
0.9 Constant relating proportional limit to yield
Strength
 𝑷𝒂 𝑷𝒕∗𝟎.𝟗
𝑺𝑭 = =
𝑷 𝑳𝒅𝒑 ∗ 𝑾𝒅𝒑 + 𝑳𝒅𝒔 ∗ 𝑾𝒅𝒄) 𝑩𝑭

𝑷𝒕∗𝟎.𝟗 𝑾𝒅𝒄
𝑳𝒅𝒑 = - 𝑳𝒅𝒄
𝑺𝑭∗𝑾𝒅𝒑∗𝑩𝑭 𝑾𝒅𝒑

𝑷𝒕 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝑴𝑶𝑷 𝑾𝒅𝒄
𝑳𝒅𝒑 = − ∗ 𝑳𝒅𝒄
𝑾𝒅𝒑 ∗ 𝑩𝑭 𝑾𝒅𝒑
2. Tension due to shock loading = 3200 Wdp

3. Tension due to Bending = 63 D ɵ Wdp

Where: ɵ dogleg severity, º/100 ft
Wdp Nominal weight of drillpipe, lb/ft
D outside diameter of drillpipe, inches
 𝑳 ƿ𝟏 𝑳 − ϒ ∗ ƿ𝟐
∆𝑷 =
𝟏𝟒𝟒
−
𝟏𝟒𝟒
𝑷 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟓𝟐∗ ƿ𝒎𝒖𝒅∗𝑯
Where;
∆P is the maximum differential pressure across
the drill pipe
ϒ is the depth to fluid inside drillpipe

L is the total depth of the well; ft

Ƿ1 is the fluid density outside the drill pipe; pcf

Ƿ2 is the fluid density inside the drill pipe; pcf
Where;
Q Minimum torsional yield strength; lb.ft
Ym Minimum yield strength; psi
J Polar moment of inertia
= π (OD4 – ID4)/32
D Outside diameter; in
Where Q = min. torsion yield strength (lb-ft)
Ym = min. unit yield strength (psi)
J = Polar moment of yield inertia
= (π/32) (OD4-ID4)
P = Weight Carried (lb)
A = Cross Sectional Area (in2)
A drill string consists of 600 ft of 8 ¼ in x
213/16 in drill-collars and the rest is a 5 in
drillpipe, 19.5 lbm/ft Grade X95 drillpipe.
If the required MOP is 100,000 lb and mud
weight is 10 ppg, calculate the maximum
depth of hole that can be drilled when (a)
using new drillpipe (Pt = 501,090 lb) (b)
using Class 2 drillpipe having a yield
strength (Pt) of 394,000 lb.
 N. wt of Dc = v ρ = π/4 (OD2-ID2) x 1/144 x 1 ft
x 489.5
 = (π/4) [(8.25)2-(2 13/16)2]x (1/144)x489.5
 =160.6 lb/ft
 BF =1-ρmud/ρsteel
 =1-10/65.5
 =0.847
 Case (1) new drillpipe (Pt = 501,090 lb)
 LDP = (501090x 0.9-100000)/(19.5x0.847) - (160.6 x
600/19.5)
 LDP = 16 309 ft
 Then, the maximum depth of hole that can be drilled
when using new drillpipe (Pt = 501,090 lb)
= 16 309 + 600 = 16 909 ft
 Case (2)
 Class 2 drillpipe having a yield strength (Pt)
of 394,000 lb
 LDP = (394000x 0.9-100000)/(19.5x0.847) -
(160.6 x 600/19.5)
 LDP = 10 506 ft
 Then, the maximum depth of hole that can be
drilled when using class two drillpipe (Pt =
394,000 lb) = 10 506 + 600 = 11 106 ft
An exploration rig has the following grades of D/P to
be run in a 15,000 ft deep well: Grade E: 5/4.276 in,
19.5 lb/ft, yield strength = 395,600 lb, Grade G:
5/4.276 in, 19.5 lb/ft, yield strength = 553,830 lb, If
the total length and weight of D/C plus HWDP is 984
ft and 157,374 lb, respectively. The maximum
expected mud weight at 15,000 ft is 13.4 ppg.
Calculate:
a.The maximum length that can be used from each
grade of drillpipe if a MOP of 50,000 lb is to be
maintained for the lower grade and
b. The MOP of the heavier grade.
 The lightest grade (E) should be used for the
bottom part of the hole, while the highest
grade should be used at the top section.
Thus, grade E will carry the wt of DC and
HWDP
 So, the term of WDC should include the
combined wt. of DC and HWDP
 So, WDC x LDC = 157374 lb
 BF =1-ρmud/ρsteel=1-13.4/65.5
 =1-(13.4x7.48/489.5)=0.795
 LDP grade E = (395 600x0.9 -50000)/ (19.5x0.795)
- (157374/19.5)
 =11 671 ft
 LDP grade G = 15000 - (11671 +984)=2345 ft

Ldp (G) = (0.9 X 553830 -50000)/(19.5X0.795)
- ( 157374 + 11971 X 19.5 )/19.5
= 9185 ft

 So, it is safe to use grade (G) till

the total depth of the well.
 MOP = Ptx0.9 – P
 Where P is wt carried by top joint in mud
 Pin air =LDPgradeExN.Wt DPgradeE+LDP gradeG xN.Wt
DPgradeG+WtDC+HWDP
 = 11671 x 19.5 + 2345 x 19.5 + 157374
 = 430 686 lb
 Pin mud = Pin air x BF
 = 430 686 x 0.795= 342 395 lb
 MOP= 553 830 x 0.9 – 342 395 = 156 052 lb
 Example # 3
A drill string composed of bit, 18 joints of
DC, 30 joints of HWDP and 100 stands of
DP. One stand of DP measures 91.5’ and
every joint of HWDP & DC. Measures 30’
DP. Wt. =19.5 lb/ft, DC Wt. = 150 lb/ft,
and HWDP Wt. = 50 lb/ft. if mud in hole is
11.5 ppg,
a)What is the bit depth in normal drilling?
b)What is the weight of drill string in mud?
c)What is the max. WOB that could be used
for normal drilling if only 75% of dril collar
will be under compression?
Bit depth= 100x91.5+30x30+18x30
= 10590 ft
Wt. of D/S in air
=100x91.5x19.5+30x30x50+18x30x150
=304425 lb
BF =1-ρmud/ρsteel=1-11.5/65.5
=1-((11.5*7.48)/489.5)=0.82
Wt. in mud = Wt. of D/S in air X BF=249629 lb
WOB = 0.75 LDC N.WtDC BF
=0.75 x 18x30x150xBF = 49815 lb
In drilling a 9 5/8” hole, depth is 10000’, 450’ of
drill collars are used, OD 5 ¾”, ID 2 ½” and nominal
weight 106 kg/Mt. Drill pipes 3 ½” of 15.5 lb/ft are
lowered in 76 lb/ft3 mud.
i) Find the number of stands of drill pipes and drill
collars.
ii) Find the time necessary to pull the drill string out
of the hole if average time for pulling one stand of
drill pipe is 2.5 min. and for drill collar is 8 min.
iii) If 70% of drill collars are under compression, find
the weight on bit per inch of bit diameter.
No. of stands of DP =LDP/90 = (10000-450)/90=107
stands
No. of stands of DC =LDC/90 = 450/90 = 5 stansd
The time necessary to pull the drill string out of the
hole(TD/S)
TD/S = TDP+TDC =107x2.5+ 5x8 = 307.5 min.
= 5 hrs. 7.5 min.
WOB = 0.70 LDC N.WtDC BF
BF =1-ρmud/ρsteel=1-10.2/65.5=1-(76/489.5)=0.845
WOB = 0.70 x 450 x ((106 Kg/Mt)x (lbx0.3048
Mt/0.4536 Kgx ft) )x 0.845=18632 lb
WOB per bit inch diameter = WOB/hole diameter
= 18959/9.625
= 1970 lb/ bit inch diameter
 The following data refers to a drill string
stuck at the drillcollars: Drillpipe: 10,000 ft,
5/4.276 in Grade E 19.5 lbm ft, Class 2.
Drillcollars: 600 ft, total weight 80,000 lb.
Make-up torque for drillpipe tool joints =
20,000 ft-lb and the free point is at 9,900 ft.
Determine the maximum torque that can be
applied at the surface without exceeding the
maximum torsional yield strength of drillpipe
if the Tensile strength = 311 540 lb
Where Q = min. torsion yield strength (lb-ft)
Ym = min. unit yield strength (psi)
J = Polar moment of yield inertia
= (π/32) (OD4-ID4)
P = Weight Carried (lb)
A = Cross Sectional Area (in2)
Since the Dp is 100 % free at 9900 ft, the
total tensile load at surface:
P= 9900 x 19.5 =193 050 lb
J= (π/32) (54-4.2764)=28.5383 in4
A= (π/4) (OD2-ID2) = (π/4 )(52-4.2762)
= 5.27 in2
Tensile strength = 311540 lb
Ym = 311540/A
= 311540/ 5.27 = 59116 psi
Then,
Q=(0.096167x28.5383x(591162-
(1930502/5.272))0.5)/5
= 24277 lb-ft
Since Make-up torque for drillpipe
tool joints = 20,000 lb-ft, the max.
allowable torque should be based on
tool joint torque and not on pipe body
torque
A 5 in drillpipe, 19.5 lbm/ft. Grade S135
premium class, is used to run a 4.5 in
OD liner to 21,000 ft. If the length of
drillpipe is 17500 ft, the mud weight is
16 ppg and the total weight of the liner
is 50,000 lb, calculate the total stretch
in the drillpipe.
 Drill pipe stretches under the action of DCs
and its own weight
Stretch due to weight carried(weight of DC’s)
Stretch due to its own weight
Then,
ΔLtotal= ΔL1+ ΔL2=224.4 in = 18.7 ft
 In drilling 12 ¼” hole, it is required to apply 3400
lb/inch of bit diameter. If 85% of DC’s are under
compression. Find the required number of DC’s.
DC characteristics are 8.5” x 2 13/16”, 150 lb/ft.
What is the hook load reading while drilling? If
while pulling out of hole with the bit at 9000’
(total depth 10,000 ft) the hook load indicated
300,000 lb. What is the drag in the hole? DP is 5”
with 19.5 lb/ft. (mud weight is 10 ppg)
Answer
WOB = 0.85 LDC N.WtDC BF
Grade E drill pipe has the following mechanical
performance 395,600 lb pipe body yield
strength. 5” OD and 19.5 lb/ft. Grade G has
559,800 lb pipe body yield strength.
Determine at what depth you should change
from grade E to G using 18 DC’s 8.5” & 2
13/16” and 11 ppg mud. Allow for 100,000 lb
overpull on all DP before reaching 80% of
body yield (do not exceed 80% of body yield
any time)
A drill string is composed of: 500’ of drill collars
having 100lb/ft nominal weight and cross
sectional area of steel 0.2 ft2 plus 1000’ of drill
pipe having 15 lb/ft nominal weight and cross
sectional area of steel 0.03 ft2.If the mud has a
density of 100 lb/ft3, find the total elongation of
the drill string under its own weight when it is
suspended in mud. If the reading of the hook
load indicates 23 short tons while pulling out of
the hole , what is the length of the drill pipes at
that moment given that there is 10,000 lb drag
while tripping out.
In drilling a 9 5/8” hole, the used
weight is 3000 lb/inch of bit
diameter. If 75% of drill collars
should be in compression, find the
necessary number of joints of drill
collars needed. Drill collars used
have 6 ¼” OD and 2 ½” ID and 134
kg/Mt. nominal weight. Air is used as
a drilling fluid.