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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the locale of the study, research design,

respondents, research instruments used, data gathering procedure, and

statistical analysis of the data.

The Locale of the Study

Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc. is a DOH accredited Level 1

Catholic Hospital owned and run by the Congregation of the Servants of Jesus of

Charity located in Brgy. Francia, Iriga City. Iriga City is located in the Rinconada

area comprised of 7 towns, the Municipalities of Bato, Nabua, Balatan, Buhi,

Baao, Bula and the City of Iriga. The hospital is accessible via the main barangay

road leading to the highway which traverses the city and into the nearby

municipalities. The hospital is continuously improving itself and gradually

expanding its range of services being offered to suffice the increasing demand of

health services on various health aspects as well as to expand its reach into the

market.

The hospital provides various types of services, from consultation visits,

diagnostics and imaging services, acute and emergency care, nursing care
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services, surgical services, ancillary services, multidisciplinary care and many

more. In spite of these growing medical services that the hospital is currently

offering, the Administration believes that the hospital can offer more to further its

commitment in providing safe, quality and affordable healthcare services.

Figure 3. Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc.

In response to the Covid 19 pandemic, Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital

Foundation Inc. adjusted the daily hospital operations and systems in

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consideration with the (1) minimum public health standards and workplace safety

and health programs like use of PPE, hand hygiene practices, frequent

disinfection, physical distancing, self-awareness check, proper coughing and

sneezing etiquette, mandatory swab test for all employees, quarantine for work

acquired Covid infection and additional benefits (2) admission protocols such as

the use of triage system by putting up triage 1 and triage 2 stations adopting the

algorithm for triage of Patients with possible Covid 19 infection in Healthcare

facilities released by the Department of Health, use of rapid test kit and x-ray for

symptomatic patients, strictly no visitors and limited watchers policy (3) trainings

and competence workshop including training and orientation for Covid 19

response team, leadership workshop (4) infrastructure preparation such as

renovation of rooms designated as Covid Zone/Ward and the use of physical

barriers, Laboratory and x-ray Covid infection protocols, waste management,

housekeeping and disinfection at Control Zone, Linen and Laundry infection

protocols, (5) updates and change of guidance from responsible authorities

such as flexible work schedule, transportation arrangement, incorporation of

interim guidelines for Covid infection prevention and control related practices in

the daily operation through regular meetings and memorandums (6)

Psychospiritual activities including daily Mass, confessions, Lenten and advent

recollection observing the minimum public health standards (7) Vaccination

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The Hospital is attuned to respond to the health needs of the people as

well as to the hospital personnel needs in ordinary circumstances to the

extraordinary ones guided by the mission and vision and the ideals of St. Ma

Josefa of the Heart of Jesus.

Research Design

The study made use of the descriptive-correlational method because it

describes a certain aspect of a population, phenomenon and/or situation as it

occurs. The study is on the effectiveness of Covid 19 responses of Santa Maria

Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc, Iriga City which is descriptive in nature and

quantifiable information are collected through a survey questionnaire to be used

in the statistical analysis of the sample population.

Descriptive correlational type of research according to Baraceros (2016) 2

aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event,

group situation, etc. This is present in describing the effectiveness of CoViD 19

response of Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation.

Respondents of the Study

Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc. is the largest hospital in

Rinconada area in terms of population. A total of 257 hospital personnel of Sta.

Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Incorporated works in this hospital which

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consists of nurses, medical technologist, general support, administrative

department, quality management and human resource department. Patients

admitted from 3rd to 4th week of December 2021 will also be included in this

study. Simple random sampling technique will be used in the selection of the

respondents.

Research Instruments

In this study, the following instruments are utilized by the researcher to

gather all the data needed to answer specific problems in the study.

Questionnaire. A close ended type of questionnaire using the Likert scale

is adopted in this study to seek answers to the specific problems presented in

Chapter 1. The researcher prepared two sets of questionnaire, one set of

questionnaire for the SMJHFI hospital personnel and one set of questionnaire for

Patients.

Preparation of Questionnaire. The preparation of the questionnaire was

aided by various medical books, journals, magazines, newspapers, and

manuscript. The questionnaire consisted of four parts: 1) Demographic profile of

the respondents 2) Covid 19 response strategies 3) level of implementation of

these strategies (4) effectiveness of the Covid 19 response

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Validation of the Questionnaire. The researcher asked for the help and

assistance of her adviser to check the appropriateness and coherence of the

questionnaire. The said questionnaire was presented to some experts including a

Dean of the College of Nusing, a Hospital Administrator of Sta. Maria Josefa

Hospital Foundation Inc., an Infection Control Nurse and Nurse Supervisor, a

professor with Doctoral degree for content validation. The recommendations of

the validators are considered in the final copy of the questionnaire.

Administration of the Questionnaire. The researcher asked permission

from the Hospital Administrator of Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc.

Upon the approval of the permit, the researcher personally administered the

questionnaire to the selected respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon the approval of the research instrument, the researcher formally

write a letter to the Hospital Administrator of Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital

Foundation Inc. for their consent to conduct the study and the request to

distribute the survey questionnaire. Due to the infection prevention and control

protocols brought about by the Covid 19 pandemic, the researcher may not be

able to get 100% of the sample population.

Data Analysis
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The following statistical measures were used in the statistical analysis of

the data.

The percentage technique describes the relationship of a part to its

whole. This was used to determine the proportionate number of respondents’

demographic profile. The formula used is:

n
P= x 100
N

Where P = percentage of the respondents;

n = no. of respondents who responded to a particular question

N = total respondents

Weighted mean was used to determine CoViD 19 responses employed

by Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc. To obtain the mean value of the

different distribution, the following formula were used:

TWF
WM=
N

Where WM = weighted mean;

TWF = total weighted mean

N = number of respondents who rated a particular item

To quantify the response, weighted mean points is assigned to the

options. Weighted points that there is a correspondence between weighted

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points. The greater the number the more positive is the reaction on the value

scale.5

Five – Point Likert Scale was used in the adaptive instrument for corona

virus anxiety scale with the following interpretation

Value Interpretation

0 - Not at all

1 - Rare, less than a day or two

2 - Several Days

3 - More than 7 days

4 - Nearly everyday for the last 2weeks

Chi – Square. The chi – square was utilized to measure the relationship

between the dependent variable and the independent variable. This was used to

determine the significant relationship between the demographic profile of the

respondents and the effectiveness of CoViD 19 response.

To test the significance of the relationship the researcher made use of

0.05 level of significance.

The formula is:6

∑ ( Fo−Fe )
X2=
Fe
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Where:

X2 = chi- square

∑ = summation

Fo = observed frequency

Fe = expected frequency