Literature review

Table of Content
1. Introduction 5
1.1. Project Description 5
1.1.2 Project Name 5
1.1.3 Description 5
1.1.4 Business school types 5
1.1.5 Problem Statement 6
1.1.6 Objective of the project 6
1.1.7 Target group 6
1.2 Historical Background 7
ESCP, the first business school in Europe 9
1.4 The need for Business and Entrepreneurship school 10
1.4.1 The Big Gap 11
1.4.2 Cause and Effect 12
1.4.3 Six Reforms 13
1.4.4 Collaborative Change 15
1.5 Advantage and Disadvantage of Business School 16
1.6 Sustainability and Business School 16

2. Design Considerations 17
2.1 Accessibility 17
2.1.1 Stairs 17
2.1.2 Ramps 18
2.2.3 Access and Escape Ladders 18
2.1.4 Escalators 19
2.1.4 Elevators 20
2.2 Spacial 21
2.2.1 Layout and Composition 21
2.2.1.1 Campus layout 21
2.2.1.2 Lecture halls 22
2.2.1.3 Reading and seating areas 23
2.2.1.4 Seminar halls 24
2.2.1.5 Museum 24
2.2.1.6 Office spaces 24
2.3 Law and regulations 28
2.4 Cost 28
2.4.1 Cost to build a school per square foot 28
Cost of building a school in the US 28
Cost to build university buildings 29
Planning and construction 29
 What impacts school construction costs 29
Building material selection 29
2.5 Cultural and Social 30
2.5.1 A new approach 30
2.5.2 Social impact education 31
2.5.3 The Indian angle 31
2.5.4 The potential 31
2.6 Experience 33
2.6.1 Aesthetics 33
2.6.2 Lighting 33
2.7 Analysis 34
2.7.1 Location 34
2.7.2 Population 35
2.7.3 Weather 35
2.7.4 Culture 35
2.7.5 Opportunities 35
2.7.6 Travel 36
2.8 Health and safety 36
2.8.1 Fire Protection 36
Floor/ Slab 37
2.9 Occupant Interaction and Wellbeing 40
2.10 Material 40
Criterias for choosing materials 40
1. Bamboo 41
2. Wood 42
3. Rammed Earth 42
4. Precast Concrete 44
5. Cork 45
6. Reclaimed Metal 46
7. Insulating Concrete Forms (ICFs) 47
8. Shipping Containers 48
9. Recycled Plastic 49
10. Timbercrete 50

3. Design discipline 50
3.1 Architecture 50
3.1.1 Shape and form 50
3.1.2 Style 51
Neoclassical Architecture 51
Modern Architecture 51
Post-Modern Architecture 52
 Neofuturist Architecture 53
3.1.3 Standards 54
3.1.4 Technology 54
3.1.5 Building material 54
3.1.6 Façade System 54
Steel facade 54
Panel frame facade 55
Curtain Walling facade 56
Clay facade 57
Steel and glass facade 57
Double-skin facade 58
Aluminum Composite facade 59
Solar shading facade 60
Glazing facade 61
Insulated wall facade 62
Precast Concrete facade 63
Self-cleaning facade 64
Homeostatic façade 65
3.2 Sanitary 66
3.2.1 Waste management 66
3.2.2 Water supply planning 67
3.4 Structural 68
3.4.1 Structural systems 68
Lateral Load Transfer 68
Gravity Load Transfer 68
3.4.2 Structural materials 69
3.5 Electrical 69
3.6 Environmental 69
3.7 Mechanical 69
3.7.1 Circulation 69
3.7.2 HVAC System 69
3.8 Interior design 69