LITERATURE REVIEW

Topic – Frequency and Voltage control of Solar Distributed

Generations in grid connected power systems.

Zhao et. al. 2019

Studies on sustainable energy sources are actively promoted to mitigate the petroleum crisis and the
increasing demand for energy, coupled with environmental issues. Solar photovoltaic (PV) generation
has a very powerful potential because of the absence of fuel cost, the scalability in power and the
simplicity and small amount of maintenance required by the PV system. This method is based on the
optimal operating voltage of solar arrays, which is calculated and corrected accurately by determining
the relationship between the optimal operating voltage and the external environmental parameters. Its
main advantages are the simplicity of implementation, high MPPT accuracy, and non-vibration in
global both under stationery and time-varying environmental conditions.

Zhao, J., Zhou, X., Ma, Y. and Liu, W., 2015. A novel maximum power point tracking strategy based
on optimal voltage control for photovoltaic systems under variable environmental conditions. Solar
Energy, 122, pp.640-649.

Alhejji et. al. 2021

The integration of PV systems to the grid connected power systems is done through a DC-DC
converter and a DC-AC converter. The integrating PV generation in grid connected power systems is a
difficult task, mainly due to voltage swings, and transient stability. In this paper the author designed an
adaptive reference PI controller which provides robust performance during power fluctuation and low
voltage ride through capability all of which are achievable at varying environmental conditions. This
achieved by using the MPPT algorithm.

Alhejji, A. and Mosaad, M.I., 2021. Performance enhancement of grid-connected PV systems using
adaptive reference PI controller. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(1), pp.541-554.

Ramalingam et. al. 2017

We use a boost converter to generate voltage output greater than voltage input. This is achieved by
varying the switching frequency and duty cycle of the converter. A dynamic control can be achieved by
using a PI controller which can change the parameters of the boost converter as per our required output.
In this paper the author designed an PSO algorithm based PI controller that can extract maximum
power from a PV system. The author achieved faster tracking speeds and zero oscilations at maximum
power point.

Nagarajan, R., Yuvaraj, R., Hemalatha, V., Logapriya, S., Mekala, A. and Priyanga, S., 2017.
Implementation of PV-based boost converter using PI controller with PSO algorithm. International
Journal of Engineering And Computer Science (IJECS), 6(3), pp.20479-20484.

Al-Shahri et. al. 2020

The implementation of renewable energy brings numerous advantages including reduction of power
transmission cost and minimization of the global warming problems. The investigation of the
influencing operational parameters as well as optimization of the solar energy system is the key factors
to enhance the power conversion efficiency. The different optimization methods in solar energy
applications have been utilized to improve performance efficiency. However, the development of
 optimal methods under the intermittent nature of solar energy resources remains key issues to be
explored. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the main generic objectives of
optimization in renewable energy systems, such as solar energy systems.

Al-Shahri, O.A., Ismail, F.B., Hannan, M.A., Lipu, M.H., Al-Shetwi, A.Q., Begum, R.A., Al-Muhsen,
N.F. and Soujeri, E., 2021. Solar photovoltaic energy optimization methods, challenges and issues: A
comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 284, p.125465.

Petinrin et. al. 2016

The demand for power has shifted the world in favour a cheaper and cleaner alternative source of
energy. But this comes with various problems such as two-way power flow, transient instability. This
paper discusses some methods using which the forementioned problems can be solved. This paper
discusses the impact of integration of PV generation system to the grid and same control strategies to
operate them in a cost effective manner. This paper also discusses the aspect of smart grid technologies
in mitigating voltage swings.

Petinrin, J.O. and Shaabanb, M., 2016. Impact of renewable generation on voltage control in
distribution systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, pp.770-783.

Attia et. al. 2019

The output of the photovoltaic system changes instantaneously with changing in environmental and
metrological conditions. This paper discusses a standalone photovoltaic system which governed by an
Artificial neural network based PI controller to provide maximum power point tracking under any
environmental conditions.

Attia, H., 2019. High performance PV system based on artificial neural network MPPT with PI
controller for direct current water pump applications. Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst, 10(3), p.1329.

Demirdelen et al. 2019

One of the major issues with photovoltaic plants are their output varies instantaneously with varying
environmental conditions. This paper discusses estimation of power from the PV plant using artificial
neural networks (ANNs) and other optimization algorithms. This paper divides forecasting of power in
to four major categories that are (i) Very short-term forecasting (ii) Short term forecasting (iii) Medium
term forecasting and (iv) Long term forecasting. This can be achieved by taking different
environmental data as input parameters depending on the type of forecasting. The forecasting is done
on historical data and the efficiency of Artificial Neural network algorithm is compare d to ither based
on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) criterion.

Demirdelen, T., Ozge Aksu, I., Esenboga, B., Aygul, K., Ekinci, F. and Bilgili, M., 2019. A new
method for generating short-term power forecasting based on artificial neural networks and
optimization methods for solar photovoltaic power plants. In Solar photovoltaic power plants (pp. 165-
189). Springer, Singapore.

Nagarajan et. al. 2017

This paper describes the implementation of PI controller for boost converter in PV system. The reason
behind using PI controller is it removes the delay and provides fast control. By tuning the controller
parameters Ki and Kp the optimal value for the PWM pulses can be fired.

Nagarajan, R., Chandramohan, J., Sathishkumar, S., Anantharaj, S., Jayakumar, G., Visnukumar, M.
and Viswanathan, R., 2016. Implementation of PI controller for boost converter in PV
system. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and
Engineering (IJARMATE), 11, pp.6-10.
Rajan et. al. 2021

This paper discusses operational challenges due to massive deployment of PV sources. As we studied
in power systems, change in frequency is an useful index to track the balance of load and generation in
power systems. As the PVs energy generation are decoupled from the main grid due to the presence of
the inverter. This leads to reduction in energy buffer which could produce large power swing during
energy disturbances. This paper discusses various frequency control strategies which could be used to
improve the capability of current power systems to accommodate more PVs in the power systems.

Rajan, R., Fernandez, F.M. and Yang, Y., 2021. Primary frequency control techniques for large-scale
PV-integrated power systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, p.110998.
Sl.no Paper Title Author Year Methods Validation Limitations
1. Implementation of PI Nagarajan, R., 2017 PI controller Slow response
controller for boost Chandramohan, time
converter in PV J.,
system Sathishkumar,
S., Anantharaj,
S., Jayakumar,
G.,
Visnukumar,
M. and
Viswanathan,
R
2. .A new method for Demirdelen, T., 2019 Artificial Comparision Requires large
generating short-term Ozge Aksu, I., neural with other dataset and
power forecasting Esenboga, B., networks, ANN computing
based on artificial Aygul, K., statistical algorithms in capabilities for
neural networks and Ekinci, F. and analysis based accordance to long term
optimization methods Bilgili, M., 2019 on historical MAPE forecasting.
for solar photovoltaic data. criterion.
power plants.
3. A novel maximum Zhao, J., Zhou, 2015 MPPT Better
power point tracking X., Ma, Y. and algorithm performance
strategy based on Liu, W. using INC
optimal voltage algorithm as a
control for benchmark
photovoltaic systems
under variable
environmental
conditions
4. Impact of renewable Koner, P.K., 2016 Voltage
generation on voltage Harris, A. and Control
control in distribution Maturi, E strategies,
systems. Smart grid for
voltage
control
5. High performance PV Attia, H. 2019 ANN-MPPT Good MSE Cannot be
system based on technique scores, good used for large
artificial neural performance loads
network MPPT with in training and
PI controller for direct validation sets
current water pump
applications.
6. Binary hybrid Mukundan, 2020 Smart grids,
multilevel inverter- C.N., inverter
based grid integrated Jayaprakash, integration,
solar energy P., SOGI control
conversion system Subramaniam,
with damped SOGI U. and
control Almakhles
7. Development and Elnaghi, B.E., 2020 two-stage Simulink, real Cannot be
implementation of Dessouki, M.E., boost time used for large
two-stage boost Abd-Alwahab, converter, comparision loads
converter for single M.N. and PWM inverter
phase Elkholy ,MPPT,SPWM
inverter without
transformer
for PV
8. Solar photovoltaic Al-Shahri, 2020 Optimization Simulink
energy optimization O.A., Ismail, methods model, real
methods, challenges F.B., Hannan, time
and issues: A M.A., Lipu, comparisions
comprehensive M.H., Al-
review. Shetwi, A.Q.,
 Begum, R.A.,
Al-Muhsen,
N.F. and
Soujeri, E.
9. Performance Alhejji, A. 2021 ARPI Simulink
enhancement of grid- and Mosaad, controller, model, real
connected PV systems M.I MPPT time
using adaptive comparisions
reference PI
controller.
10. Rajan, R., 2021 Frequency Comparision
Rajan, R., Fernandez, Fernandez, control w.r.t to grid
F.M. and Yang, Y., F.M. and Yang, strategies codes,
2021. Primary Y., Simulink
frequency control model
techniques for large-
scale PV-integrated
power systems
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Frequency and Voltage control of Solar Distributed Generations in

grid connected power systems.

GROUP No. A-13: GUIDED BY:

1.Gitipragyan Behera
2.Debasish Panda Smrutiranjan Nayak
Asst.prof.(EE)
3.Kaustuva kumar Sahu
4.Amlan Satapathy