Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

SUBJUNCTIVE
Subjunctive, a SPECIAL kind of present and past tenses, is used to express wishes, condition, uncertainty,
possibility or express the idea that something is important or desirable.
Ex 1. It is important that you (be)………… polite to the old. (present subjunctive)
2. I wish he (be)……………… here now. (past subjunctive)
3. If I (meet) ……………..you yesterday, I would have told you about that. (perfect subjunctive)
I. Present subjunctive

…VERB
…ADJ + (that) Subject (should) + V bare
…NOUN

VERB : advise, ask, demand, order, insist, request, desire, propose, recommend, suggest
ADJ: advisable, crucial, essential, important, necessary, vital, desirable, mandatory, obligatory, urgent
NOUN: advice, suggestion, recommendation, warning
Give the correct verb form.
1. The doctor recommended that she (eat) …………/……………………… less meat.
2. They have proposed that Jim (move) …………/……………………to their London office.
3. It is essential that every child (have) …………/…………………… the same educational opportunity.
4. We felt it was important that Henry (meet) …………/………………..… his boss as soon as possible.
5. Our advice is that the company (invest) …………/……………………… in new equipment.
II. Past subjunctive
-
If it weren’t raining now, I would go out for a walk.
I wish today were Sunday.

- Past tense with PRESENT or FUTURE meaning

It’s (high) time

S1 + would rather / would sooner + clause (S + V2 / -ed)
S1 + V1 as if/as though + S2
It’s time you washed those shirts.
I would rather that you went home now.
She speaks to me as if she was my mother.
Give the correct verb form.
1. Tomorrow’s difficult. I’d rather you (come) …………………….. next week.
2. My girlfriend would rather that we (not see) ……………………….. each other any more.
3. It’s time she (go) …………………………..to bed.
4. She spends as if she (be)…………………………. a billionaire’s wife.
5. I’ve arranged a meeting for the end of July. I’d sooner it were/was earlier, if possible.
III. Perfect subjunctive
-

If I had finished my homework yesterday, I wouldn’t be punished now.

If only he had met her one year before.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

- Past perfect to talk about PAST actions

… would rather / would sooner + (that) + S + had PP

… as if/as though

I’d rather you hadn’t done that.

He ate as if he had been without food for several days.
Give the correct verb form.
1. I wish I (have)………………….a better memory.
2. If I (have)…………………. the money now, I would buy that car.
3. Don’t come and see me today _ I’d rather you (come) …………………. tomorrow.
4. I’m getting tired. It’s time we (go)……………………… home.
5. The judge recommended that Jill (remain) …………………… in prison for at least three years.
6. We considered it desirable that he (not leave) ……………. school before finishing his exams.
7. He talks as if he (be)……………………. rich.
8. He looked as though he (see)………………………. a ghost.
9. It’s high time governments and organizations (do) ……. something to protect the environment.
10. Her parents urged that she (get) …………………………. married soon.
Notes: 1. There are negative, continuous and passive forms of subjunctive.
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.
2. that clause
It’s time (go)……………………
It’s time we (start)……………………. locking all the windows at night.
I’d rather (stay) ………………..home tonight.
I’d rather you (stay)………………………home tonight.
We’d rather (invite)………………………her to our party. She knew about it and got angry with us.
Give the correct verb forms.
1. I suggest that you (be) …………………… here on time tomorrow.
2. There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient (stop)……………………….. smoking.
3. It has been proposed that we (not change) …………………………. the topic
4. The manager insists that the car park (lock)…………………. at night.
5. She recommended that he (go and see)………………………. a doctor.
6. He urged that a business manager (hire)……………… to help things run more smoothly.
7. I simply requested, politely, that she (refrain)……………… from smoking in my house.
8. It is vital that you (be)………………….. truthful about what happened.
9. It is important that everyone (follow)…………………….. the rules.
10. The teacher insists that her students (be)…………………………. on time.
11. It is important she (attend)………………………….. the meeting.
12. The company asked that employees (not accept)………..…….. personal phone calls during business hours.
13. I suggest that you (not take)………………………. the job without renegotiating the salary.
14. Jake recommended that Susan (hire)……………………………… immediately.
15. Christine demanded that I (allow)………………………….. to take part in the negotiations.
16. It is crucial that a car (wait)………………………. for the boss when the meeting is over.
17. I propose that we all (wait)……………………….. in Tim's apartment when he gets home.
18. The woman insisted that the lost child (take)……..to store's information desk so his parents could be paged.
19. John insists that Sarah (invite)…………………… ……….to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.
20. It was vital that everything (do)……………………………… on time.
21. It’s high time something (do)……………………….about this!
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

22. It is time the government helped the unemployment to find some jobs. (CĐ, 2008)
A B C D
23. “I’d rather you______ home now.” (ĐH, 09)
A. going B. went C. go D. gone
24. Susan’s doctor insists ______ for a few days. (ĐH, 09)
A. that she is resting B. her resting C. her to rest D. that she rest
25. It is imperative ______ what to do when there is a fire. (ĐH, 10)
A. that he knew B. we knew C. that everyone know D. he must know about
26. Our boss would rather ______ during the working hours. (ĐH, 11)
A. us not chatting B. we don’t chat C. us not chat D. we didn’t chat
27. I’d rather you ______ to the English-speaking club with me this Sunday. (CĐ, 2012)
A. will come B. came C. to come D. come
28. It has been suggested that Mary ______ a computer course in preparation for a steady job. (ĐH, 2012)
A. take B. would have taken C. was taken D. have been taken
29. The children ran away as if they ______ a ghost. (ĐH, 13)
A. have seen B. had seen C. would see D. see
30. “It’s about time you_______ your homework, Mary.” (A1, 2014)
A. must do B. did C. do D. will do

ADJECTIVES: ORDER BEFORE NOUNS

opinion size / age / shape colour origin material purpose noun
a beautiful glass flower vase
red Spanish leather riding boots
a lovely short black wool skirt
Notes:
We put and between colour adjectives: a black and white belt
We don’t say: She’s got short and black hair. → She’s got short black hair.
When we put 2 nouns together, the first one works like adjective, e.g. a birthday party, a clothes shop

I. Put each group of words into the best order.

1. old a plastic large bag green
2. wooden square two tables
3. red a dress silk beautiful
4. silver a of jugs antique pair
5. bowl small a plastic
6. boots some old football dirty
7. cotton long a skirt yellow
8. squeezed cold juice a freshly glass orange of

II. Rewrite these sentences adding the adjectives in brackets.

1. My friend gave me a ring for my birthday. (silver / antique)

2. I borrowed my sister’s dress to wear to the party. (silk / lovely / long / white)

3. Jenny’s father gave her a necklace for her 18th birthday. (long / gold / beautiful
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

4. He bought some shoes yesterday. (expensive / new / leather / Italian)

5. He was carrying a briefcase. (leather / nice / black / new)

6. Visitors to the local museum are mostly attracted by ______ rocking chair. (ĐH, 2014)
A. an old wooden European beautiful B. a beautiful old European wooden
C. an old beautiful wooden European D. a wooden old beautiful European
7. Jane really loves the ______ jewelry box that her parents gave her as a birthday present. (ĐH, 2015)
A. nice brown wooden B. brown wooden nice C. nice wooden brown D. wooden brown nice
8. Paul has just sold his ________car and intends to buy a new one. (2017)
A. black old Japanese B. Japanese old black C. old black Japanese D. old Japanese black
9. The only thing he bought on his trip to Italy was a ________watch. (2017)
A. nice Italian new B. nice new Italian C. new Italian nice D. new nice Italian
10. I met a ______girl at my friend’s birthday party last Sunday. (2017)
A. pretty American tall B. tall pretty AmericanC. tall American pretty D. pretty tall American
11. Peter bought a ________car as a present for his wife two weeks ago. (2017)
A. new German red B. red German new C. red new German D. new red German
12. My parents bought me a ________school bag for my birthday. (2021)
A. red Japanese beautiful B beautiful Japanese red
C. beautiful red Japanese D. Japanese red beautiful
13. My aunt bought a _______ watch last week. (2021)
A. red Korean nice B. nice Korean red C. Korean red nice D. nice red Korean
14. The little girl is happy with her _________doll. (2021)
A. pink Japanese new B. new Japanese pink C. new pink Japanese D. Japanese new pink

Adjectives ending in –ing and –ed

-ing adjectives describe the thing that is having the effect on others.
This news article is rather worrying. (It worries me.)
-ed adjectives describe the person and the way they feel because of the effect.
Helen looks worried. (Something has worried her.)
Jill couldn’t drive any further that day as she was so tired / tiring.
The first part of the film was really interested / interesting.

Underline the correct adjectives in each sentence.

1. My parents were tired / tiring after the long flight.
2. We were bored / boring so we went to the cinema.
3. I enjoy my job but it’s very tired / tiring.
4. You will be surprised / surprising when I tell you what happened.
5. We were excited / exciting about seeing Michael again.
6. All the programs on TV tonight look bored / boring.
7. I’m staying in an amazed / amazing hotel.
8. My friend was annoyed / annoying with me because I was late.
9. She’s an interested / interesting writer, and I’m very interested / interesting in the subjects that she writes about.
10. Students love him because he’s an amused / amusing teacher.
11. Bored / Boring teachers make bored / boring students.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

SHOWING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IDEAS

I. COORDINATING (parallel structure): and, but, or
She is beautiful and intelligent. (addition)
These shoes are old but comfortable. (contrast)
He wants to watch TV or (to) listen to music. (options)
You will leave my house or I will call the police.
both … and … / not only … but also … / either … or … / neither … nor…
Both my mother and my sister (be) _______here.
Not only my sister but also my parents (be) ________ here.
I’ll buy either a lap top or a smartphone.
That book is neither interesting nor accurate.
Choose the underlined part (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting.
1. British people are very interested in watching and take part in sports.
A B C D
2. I prefer to go out for a meal to staying at home.
A B C D
3. Both Lan and Minh is good students.
A B C D
4. I don't like sweets, and Tarn doesn't, neither.
A B C D
5. I always get up early, and so do my little daughter.
A B C D
6. Neither James or his brothers have come to Paris.
A B C D
7. She likes both mathematics and to learn literature.
A B C D

II. CAUSE and EFFECT

As / Since /because / , for + CLAUSE
because of / due to / owing to / thanks to / on account of + N / V_ing
Since it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home.
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling hungry,
We delayed our departure on account of bad weather.
so / therefore, / Consequently, / As a result, / accordingly, / thus / hence
Jolie didn’t study so she failed the exam.
Jolie didn’t study; therefore, she failed the exam.

such + (a/n) adj N + that

so + adj/adv + that
so + adj + a(n) + Noun + that
So + adj + V + S that
so many/ few + countable Noun + that
so much/ little + uncountable Noun + that

It was such a foggy day that I couldn’t see the road.

The day was so foggy that I couldn’t see the road.
It was so foggy a day that I couldn’t see the road.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

So foggy was the day that I couldn’t see the road.

She had so many mistakes that she failed the exam.
He had so much time that he felt bored.
1. The waves were high. Swimming was dangerous.
It was such
The waves were so
So
2. The book is interesting. I can’t put it down.
It is such
The book is so
It is so
So
3. The mobile phone is expensive. I cannot buy it.

4. The weather was bad. I couldn’t go swimming.

III. OPPOSITION
Though / although / even though + CLAUSE
Adj/Adv as/though Subject Verb
Despite / in spite of / regardless of + NOUN / V_ing
I went swimming despite the cold weather.
Although he knocked loudly on the door, nobody heard. = Loudly………………………………
Although she was exhausted, she went to the party. = Exhausted ………………………………
The club welcomes all new members, regardless of age.
nevertheless, / nonetheless, / however,
However / No matter how + adj/adv Subject Verb
Whatever / no matter what + (Noun) Subject Verb
Everyone played well. However, / Nevertheless, we still lost the game.
Everyone played well. We still lost the game, however.
However clever you are, you won’t solve this puzzle.
Whatever difficulty you may encounter, you should keep calm.
Whatever you do, you won’t succeed.
,whereas / ,while / but / on the other hand, /,yet / on the contrary, / in contrast,
Mary is rich, whereas /, while John is poor.
Mary is rich. John, on the other hand, is poor.
It was cold, but I went swimming any way. = It was cold, but I still went swimming.
It was cold, yet I went swimming.

IV. PURPOSE
to / in order (not) to / so as (not) to + VERB
so that / in order that + CLAUSE
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

She studied hard so as not to / in order not to fail her test.

(not: She studied hard not to fail her test.)
I turned off the TV in order to enable my roommate to study in peace and quiet.
I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.

V. CONDITION
If / only if / even if / unless / in case (that) / in the event (that) / whether or not / providing (that) /
provided (that) / otherwise, / or else,
I’m going swimming tomorrow whether or not it is cold.
You’d better hurry. Otherwise, you’ll be late. = You’d better hurry. Or (else), you’ll be late.

SUMMARY
COORDINATING CAUSE and OPPOSITION PURPOSE CONDITION
EFFECT
and, but, or because though / although / to If
both … and … Since / As even though in order to only if
not only … but also ,for despite /in spite of so as to even if
either … or … /regardless of unless
neither … nor… because of in case (that)
due to nevertheless, nonetheless, in the event (that)
thanks to however, whether or not
on account of so that providing (that)
However/ No matter how in order that provided (that)
so / therefore / Whatever/No matter what otherwise,
consequently
whereas / while / but / yet
so … that on the other hand,
such … that on the contrary,
in contrast,

Notes: leaving words out

- After if, when, while, until, once, unless, and (al)though, a pronoun subject and the verb can be dropped.
I’ll pay for you if necessary. (I’ll pay for you if it is necessary.)
If in doubt, wait and see. (If you are in doubt, wait and see.)
I. Combine the following pair of sentences, using “both… and…”, “neither… nor…”, “either… or…”.
1. Tom was late. So was Ann.

2. He didn’t write. He didn’t phone.

3. The hotel wasn’t clean. And it wasn’t comfortable.

4. We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow.

5. He gave up his job because he needed a change. Also because he needed a higher pay.

6. George doesn’t smoke. And he doesn’t drink either.

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7. Jim is on holiday and so is Carol.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Mary’s eyes are weak, ………….., she has to wear glasses. ( but /so / however / and / therefore)
2. He’s ill. ………, he has to work. ( therefore / but /however / because / so)
3. He is going to the post office……………he wants to send a letter. ( because / but / and / however)
4. His hobbies are playing soccer………….collecting stamps. ( and / but / or / therefore)
5. I like English……………it is very useful. ( as / but / so / and)
6. She is tired;………….., she has to finish her homework. ( or / so / and / however)
7. He didn’t have much money, …..he bought a lot of things at the shop for Tet. (but / or / and / so)
8. The air is polluted ………….. there is too much traffic. ( however / but / because / therefore)
III. Choose the correct answer.
1. ……………… the salary meets my expectations, I’ll accept the job offer.
A. Due to B. Even if C. Provided that D. Unless
2. I thought those figures were correct...................,I have now discovered they were not.
A. But B. Besides C. However D. In addition
3. Not..................did she refuse to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. even B. only C. at all D. always
4. The hotel is neither spacious.............
A. or comfortable B. nor comfortable C. or comfort D. nor comfort
5. He............. could not come........... did not want to.
A. either - or B. neither - or C. either-nor D. nor - nor
6. Both his brother and sister..................very good at chemistry.
A. is B. was C. are D. has been
7. I left it..................on the table................. in the drawer.
A. either - nor B. neither - or C. either - or D. either - either
8. ..................the radio..................the television works properly.
A. Neither - nor B. Neither - or C. Either - nor D. Not - nor
9. A fire must have a readily available supply of oxygen. ……………, it will stop burning.
A. Otherwise B. if C. only if D. unless
10. I like to keep the windows open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, ……………,
prefers a warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut.
A. nevertheless B. consequently C. on the other hand D. moreover
11. The flowers will soon start to bloom ……..the winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get warmer.
A. even if B. now that C. even though D. however,
12. Jack insisted that he didn’t need any help, ……………… I helped him anyway.
A. and B. so C. besides D. but
13. I have never taken part in any water sports ……… I cannot swim.
A. because B. because of C. due to D. partly because of
14. He could escape from hurt because he was wearing protective clothes.
A. Thanks to his protective clothes, he could escape from hurt. B. His protective clothes made him hurt.
C. Due to his protective clothes, he was hurt. D. His being hurt made his unable to wear protective clothes.
15. The baby slept soundly even with the noise the children made.
A. The noise didn’t prevent the baby from sleeping. B. The baby woke up because the children made noise.
C. The baby and the children slept through the noise. D. The children couldn’t sleep because of the noise.
16. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
a. even though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that
17. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
a. the rain b. of the rain c. it was raining d. there was a rain
18. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although
19. _______, he walked to the station.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired
20. The children slept well, despite _______.
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy
21. It was very cold _______ she did not put on her coat.
a. in case b. but c. even if d. even though
22. He had to go out ..............the heavy rain.
A. though B. because of C. in spite D. despite
23. .……….he likes chocolates, he tries not to eat them.
A. Since B. Though C. Despite D. As
24. ........................ the water is highly polluted, we can’t swim in the river.
A. Although B. As C. However D. Despite
25. It rained hard; __________, my father went to work.
A. Therefore B. However C. Because D. But
26. Laura fell asleep during the lesson _________ she was tired.
A. so B. because of C. because D. therefore
27. __________he was angry, he listened to me patiently.
A. Despite B. Though C. In spite of D. Because
28. She got wet in the rain __________she had a raincoat.
A. because B. but C. so D. even though
29. …………………………. he was in a hurry, he stopped to help the old man who fell down.
a. However b. Because c. Although d. Since
30. Last week we went to the show early __________ the traffic was terrible.
a. although b. and c. because d. so
31. It stopped raining,..................they decided to go out
a. and b. but c. so d. even though
32. After coming home, she cleaned the floor, washed the clothes..............cooked diner.
A. so B. and C. because D. or
33. I am going shopping for food this evening ________ I do not have to go at the weekend.
a. so b. but c. however d. moreover
34. That small car, ________, is advertised in many current magazines.
a. so expensive and comfortable b. however expensive and comfortable
c. expensive but comfortable d. and expensive but comfortable
35. We live in the same building ________ we have hardly seen each other
a. and b. therefore c. but d. so
36. My fingers were injured ________ my sister had to write the note for me.
a. and b. however c. so d. but
37. The concert was cancelled ________ we went to a nightclub instead.
a. so b. however c. so on d. but
38. The doctor decided to give her a thorough examination ______ he could identify the causes of her illness. (ĐH, 2008)
A. so as B. so that C. unless D. after
39. The price of fruit has increased recently, ______ the price of vegetables has gone down. (ĐH, 2008)
A. whether B. whereas C. otherwise D. when
40. ______, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. (ĐH, 2008)
A. As he might feel tired B. He felt very tired though
C. Tired as it was D. Tired as he might feel
41. The robbers attacked the owner of the house ______.(ĐH, 2008)
A. so that they would appear with the expensive painting
B. and disappeared with the expensive painting
C. so they disappeared with the expensive painting
D. but they appeared with the expensive painting
42. Because she was irritated by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. (CĐ, 2008)
A. Irritated by her husband, she punctually left him.
B. She left her husband because of her irritation with his lack of punctuality.
C. Being irritating by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him.
D. Irritating with her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him.
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43. He talked about nothing except the weather. (ĐH, 2009)

A. He talked about everything including the weather. B. He had nothing to say about the weather.
C. His sole topic of conversation was the weather. D. He said that he had no interest in the weather.
44. He survived the operation thanks to the skilful surgeon. (ĐH, 2009)
A. There was no skilful surgeon, so he died. B. He survived because he was a skilful surgeon.
C. He wouldn’t have survived the operation without the skilful surgeon.
D. Though the surgeon was skilful, he couldn’t survive the operation.
45. The window was so high up that ______ I could see was the sky. (CĐ, 2008)
A. just B. thus C. all D. only
46. There was nothing they could do ______ leave the car at the roadside where it had
broken down. (ĐH, 2009)
A. than B. but C. instead of D. unless
47. “Should we bring a lot of money on the trip?” – “Yes. ______ we decide to stay longer.” (ĐH, 2009)
A. Because B. So that C. Though D. In case
48. He runs a business, ______ he proves to have managerial skills. (CĐ, 2008)
A. otherwise B. however C. despite D. and
49. We have bought extra food ______ our guests stay to dinner. (ĐH, 2010)
A. if B. so that C. in case D. when
50. ______ Serbia defeated Germany surprised everyone. (ĐH, 2010)
A. Because B. That C. Whether D. When
51. We didn’t go to the zoo yesterday ______ the heavy rain. (CĐ, 2010)
A. because of B. in spite of C.so D. because
52. He managed to keep his job ______ the manager had threatened to sack him. (CĐ, 2010)
A. although B. despite C.unless D. therefore
53. He climbed the tree ______ before the wind blew them off. (CĐ, 2010)
A. in order that to pick the apples B. so as to pick the apples
C. so that to pick the apples D. in order for the apples to pick
54. The sky was cloudy and foggy. We went to the beach, ______. (ĐH, 2011)
A. so B. even though C.yet D. however
55. “Never be late for an interview, ______ you can’t get the job.” (ĐH, 2011)
A. or so B. otherwise C. if not D. unless
56. Smoking is an extremely harmful habit. You should give it up immediately. (ĐH, 2011)
A. As smoking is an extremely harmful habit, you should give it up immediately.
B. You should give up smoking immediately and you will fall into an extremely harmful habit.
C. When you give up smoking immediately, you will affect your health with this harmful habit.
D. Stop your smoking immediately so it will become one of your extremely harmful habits.
57. His academic record at high school was poor. He failed to apply to that prestigious institution. (ĐH, 2011)
A. His academic record at high school was poor as a result of his failure to apply to that prestigious institution.
B. Failing to apply to that prestigious institution, his academic record at high school was poor.
C. His academic record at high school was poor; as a result, he failed to apply to that prestigious institution.
D. His academic record at high school was poor because he didn’t apply to that prestigious institution.
58. Crazianna is a big country. Unfortunately, it has never received respect from its neighbours.
A. Though Crazianna is a big country, it has never received respect from its neighbours.
B. It is Crazianna, a big country, that has never received respect from its neighbours.
C. Crazianna has never received respect from its neighbours because it is a big country.
D. Crazianna is such a big country that it has never received respect from its neighbours.
59. She built a high wall round her garden ______.(ĐH, 2011)
A. in order that her fruit not be stolen B. to prevent her fruit from being stolen
C. so that her fruit would be stolen D. to enable people not taking her fruit
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60. Before I left for my summer camp, my mother told me to take warm clothes with me
______ it was cold. (ĐH, 2011)
A. in case B. whereas C. despite D. so that
61. Bill managed to get to the train station himself ______ his leg was broken. (CĐ, 2011)
A. because of B. although C. in spite of D. because
62. Bottles of medicine must have childproof caps ______ children think medicine is
candy and poison themselves. (CĐ, 2011)
A. even though B. in case C. so that D. if so
63. The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to do. (ĐH, 2012)
A. It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to do.
B. She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation.
C. So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to do.
D. So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to do.
64. He is a very intelligent boy; ______, he sometimes gets bad marks. (ĐH, 2012)
A. however B. otherwise C. thus D. so
65. ______ that she does not want to stay any longer. (CĐ, 2012)
A. A little homesick does Beth feel B. Beth feels such homesick
C. Homesick though Beth may feel D. So homesick does Beth feel
66. Take this route and you will get to the village. (CĐ, 2012)
A. Unless you take this route, you will get to the village.
B. Certainly, you will get to the village if you take this route.
C. Although this route may lead you to the village, you cannot take it.
D. There is no doubt that this route will never lead you to the village.
67. She was ______ angry that she could not say a word. (CĐ, 2012)
A. so B. too much C. so many D. such
68. You can use my car ______ you drive carefully. (A 1, 2013)
A. though B. as though C. as long as D. lest
69. We decided to take a late flight ______ we could spend more time with our family. (A 1, 2013)
A. so as to B. in order C. so that D. in order to
70. My brother tried to learn Japanese at a night school, ____ he gave up after 2 months. (A1, 2013)
A. therefore B. when C. until D. but
71. Although the teacher explained the theory clearly, the students found it hard to understand it. (A1, 2013)
A. Though explained clearly, the theory of teaching was difficult to the students.
B. Although the teaching theory was clear, it was a real challenge to the students.
C. In spite of explaining the theory clearly, the students themselves found it hard to understand it.
D. Despite the teacher’s clear explanation of the theory, the students had difficulty understanding it.
72. The pool should not be made so deep ______ small children can be safe there. (ĐH, 2013)
A. if B. so as to C. though D. so that
73. I did not arrive in time. I was not able to see her off. (ĐH, 2013)
A. She had left because I was not on time. B. I did not go there, so I could not see her off.
C. I was not early enough to see her off. D. I arrived very late to say goodbye to her.
74. Mrs. Chau has managed the department_______ that she’ll be promoted next month. (A 1, 2014)
A. too successful B. so successfully C. very successful D. too successfully
75. _______he got top marks at high school, he never went to university. (A 1, 2014)
A. Despite B. Although C. Meanwhile D. Nevertheless
76. They arrived too late to get good seats (A 1, 2014)
A. They had to stand for the whole show.
B. Although they were late, they found some good seats.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

C. They got good seats some time after they arrived.

D. As they got there too late, there were no good seats left.
77. ______ my mother’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have made such a daring decision. (ĐH 2014)
A. Until B. In spite C. But for D. Providing
78. ______, she continued to carry out her duties. (ĐH 2014)
A. Although in poor health B. Although she is in good health
C. Despite her good health D. No matter how poor her health
79. ______ the salesman promised to exchange the defective CD player for a new one, they insisted on getting a
refund. (2015)
A. Despite B. Although C. And D. But
80. All the candidates for the scholarship will be equally treated regarding of their age, sex, or
A B C
nationality. (2015)
81. ______ they are delicious, hamburgers and French fries are too high in fat. (2016)
A. However B. Although C. Because D. Despite
82. According to most doctors, massage relieves pain and anxiety, eases depression and speeding up
A B C
recovery from illnesses. (2016)
D
83. My mother is very busy with her work at the office. She still takes good care of us. (2017)
A. In spite of being very busy with her work at the office, my mother takes good care of us.
B. Because my mother is very busy with her work at the office, she takes good care of us.
C. My mother is so busy with her work at the office that she cannot take good care of us.
D. My mother is too busy with her work at the office to take good care of us.
84. The government have established some wildlife reserves. They want to protect endangered species. (2017)
A. Whether the government have established some wildlife reserves or not, endangered species are still
protected.
B. Endangered species can't be protected although the government have established some wildlife reserves.
C. The government have established some wildlife reserves so that endangered species can be protected.
D. If the government established some wildlife reserves, they would be able to protect endangered species.
85. My sister is good at cooking. My brother is bad at it. (2017)
A. My sister is good at cooking, or my brother is bad at it.
B. My sister is good at cooking, for my brother is bad at it.
C. My sister is good at cooking, but my brother is bad at it.
D. My sister is good at cooking, so my brother is bad at it.
86. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies. Her classmates appreciate her. (2017)
A. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, but they appreciate her.
B. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, for they appreciate her.
C. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, so they appreciate her.
D. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, or they appreciate her.
87. We cannot completely avoid stress in our lives. We need to find ways to cope with it. (2017)
A. As long as we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
B. After we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
C. Since we cannot completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
D. Because stress can completely be avoided in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
88. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers. They are excellent homemakers. (2017)
A. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, and they are excellent homemakers.
B. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, for they are excellent homemakers.
C. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, so they are excellent homemakers.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

D. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, or they are excellent homemakers.
89. Nam had all the necessary qualifications. They didn't offer him the job. (2017)
A. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, Nam was not offered the job.
B. They didn't offer Nam the job as he had all the necessary qualifications.
C. Nam had all the necessary qualifications, so they didn't offer him the job.
D. If Nam had had all the necessary qualifications, he would have been offered the job.
90. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water. Others live in sea water. (2017)
A. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, for others live in sea water.
B. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, so others live in sea water.
C. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, or others live in sea water.
D. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, and others live in sea water.
91. Kate completed her higher education. She then decided to travel the world before getting a job. (2018)
A. Without completing her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before A getting a job.
B. Given that Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job, she completed her higher education.
C. Having completed her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
D. Kate had scarcely travelled the world before getting a job when she completed her higher education.
92. Lucy paid a visit to the local orphanage. She then decided to donate part of her savings to
the children there. (2018)
A. Lucy had hardly decided to donate part of her savings to the children when she paid a visit to the local
orphanage.
B. It was only when Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the children that she paid a visit to the
local orphanage.
C. Before she paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the children
there.
D. Having paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy decided to donate part of her savings to the children there.
93. Joe has finished his first-aid course. He proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker. (2018)
A. Although Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker, he hasn't finished his first-aid course.
B. Without finishing his first-aid course, Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker.
C. However helpful Joe proves as a rescue worker, he hasn't finished his first-aid course.
D. Having finished his first-aid course, Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker.
94. He fulfilled his dream of travelling the world. He decided to get a job and settle down. (2018)
A. If he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he would have decided to get a job and settle down.
B. Having fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided to get a job and settle down.
C. Although he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided not to get a job and settle down.
D. As he decided to get a job and settle down, he didn't fulfil his dream of travelling the world.
95. The residents of the village are living a happy life _____they lack modern facilities. (2019)
A. because of B. therefore C. although D. despite
96. My uncle tries to spend time playing with his children ___________he is very busy. (2019)
A. despite B. although C. moreover D. because of
97. Many students work to earn money __________their parents are rich. (2019)
A. However B. although C. despite D. because of
98. Bill's mother won't let him go out with his friends _____. (2020)
A. when he finished his homework B. after he had finished his homework
C. once he finished his homework D until he has finished his homework
99. You will not know who your true friend is _____. (2020)
A. after you had had trouble and needed help. B. when you were having trouble and needing help
C. until you have trouble and need help D. as soon as you had trouble and needed help
100. He won't understand what the responsibilities of a father are _____ .(2020)
A. until he has his first child B. after he had had his first child
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

C. as soon as he had his first child D. once he had his first child
101. Some mobile applications are very tempting. They may expose users to identity theft. (2020)
A. So tempting are some mobile applications that they limit users' exposure to identity theft.
B. Tempting though some mobile applications are, they may expose users to identity theft.
C. It is the temptation of identity theft that exposes users to some mobile applications.
D. Not only is identity theft tempting, it also exposes users to some mobile applications.
102. You may not see how important your family is _____. (2020)
A. after you had lived far from home B. when you were living far from home
C. until you live far from home D. as soon as you lived far from home
103. There were unexpected twists in the movie. It was so fascinating. (2020)
A. If there had been unexpected twists in the movie, it would have been so fascinating.
B. But for the unexpected twists in the movie, it wouldn't have been so fascinating.
C. Without the unexpected twists in the movie, it wouldn't be so fascinating.
D. Suppose that there were unexpected twists in the movie, it would be so fascinating.
104. Online distribution of pirated publications is illegal. Many Internet users still commit the offence. (2020)
A. Such is the offence of many Internet users that online distribution of pirated publications is illegal.
B. As long as many Internet users commit the offence, online distribution of pirated publications is illegal.
C. Were online distribution of pirated publications illegal, many Internet users wouldn't commit the offence.
D. Illegal though online distribution of pirated publications is, many Internet users still commit the offence.
105. He lacked commitment to the job. He wasn't considered for promotion. (2020)
A. But for his lack of commitment to the job, he would have been considered for promotion.
B. Suppose that he lacked commitment to the job, he wouldn't be considered for promotion.
C. If it had not been for his lack of commitment to the job, he would be considered for promotion.
D. Without his commitment to the job, he would be considered for promotion.
106. The Internet connection was not stable. The teacher couldn't conduct the online lesson successfully. (2020)
A. Suppose that the Internet connection hadn't been stable, the teacher could conduct the online lesson
successfully.
B. Without the stable Internet connection, the teacher could conduct the online lesson successfully.
C. If the Internet connection had been unstable, the teacher could have conducted the online lesson successfully.
D. But for the unstable Internet connection, the teacher could have conducted the online lesson successfully.
107. Body shaming is hurtful. Many people enjoy making fun of others' appearance. (2020)
A. Such is many people's enjoyment in making fun of others' appearance that body shaming is less hurtful.
B. Hurtful though body shaming is, many people enjoy making fun of others' appearance.
C. Body shaming is hurtful in order that many people enjoy making fun of others' appearance.
D. Were body shaming hurtful, many people wouldn't enjoy making fun of others' appearance.
108. She didn’t do well in the exams _________she was lazy. (2021)
A. because of B. because C. despite D. although
109. Teenagers should do more sport _______ it is good for them. (2021)
A. despite B. although C. because D. because of

FORMS OF “OTHER”
SINGULAR PLURAL
indefinite another + Nsing → another other + Npl → others
definite the other + Nsing → the other the other + Npl → the others
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

Examples:
1. Could I have another piece of bread? (one more)
2. Those cakes are wonderful. Could I have another (one)?
3. The students in this class come from many countries. One of the students if from Mexico. Another student is
from Iraq. Another is from Japan. Other students are from Brazil. Others are from Vietnam…
4. There are three books. Two are mine. The other book is yours. (The other is yours.)
5. There are three books. One is mine. The other books are yours. (The others are yours.)

Notes:
1. Another + plural noun (sum of money / period of time / distance)
Examples:
- We need another three years.
- I need another five dollars.
- We drove another ten miles.

2. Every other something: not each one in a series, but every two
- Please write on every other line. (Write on the first line. Don’t write on the second line. Write on the
3rd line. Don’t write on the 4th line.)
- We get together every other Saturday for lunch.

3. The other day, week, etc.: referring to a day, week, etc. in the recent past without saying exactly when it was
I saw him just the other day/night.

4. Other than = apart from = except (for)

There’s nothing on TV tonight, other than the usual rubbish.

Supply a form of other in the following.

1. Let's do it …………………………. time.

2. I can't see you now—some ……………………….. time, maybe.
3. He raised one arm and then …………………………...
4. I don't like this room. I'm going to ask for …………………………..
5. Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and three …………………………teachers were there.
6. Are there any ………………………… questions?
7. Two buildings were destroyed and many ……………………….damaged in the blast.
8. Some designs are better than …………………………...
9. We can’t visit her every week but we visit her …………………….week. One week we visit her. Another week
we shop for groceries.
10. I woke up the …………………….. morning and just could not get myself out of bed.
11. I don't know any French people ……………………….. than you.
12. I got three letters. One was from my father. ……………..….one was from my sister………….………letter was
from my girlfriend.
13. Look at your hands. One is your right hand…………………….is your left hand. Look at your hand. There are a
total of five fingers. One is your thumb…………………..is your index finger. ……………………..one is your
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

middle finger. ……………………..finger is your ring finger. And ………………….finger (the last of the five)
is your little finger.
14. There are two women standing on the corner. One is Helen and …………………..is Pat.
15. Some people prefer classical music, but …………………….prefer rock music.
16. I would like to read more about this subject. Do you have any …………………books that you could lend me?
17. There are many means of transportation. The airplane is one………………. are the train, the car and the horse.
18. There are many means of transportation. The airplane is one means of transportation. The train is……………
19. He will graduate in ……………………two years.
20. I’m almost finished. I just need …………………..five minutes.
21. Some people are tall; ……………………are short. Some people are fat; …………………..are thin. Some
people are nearsighted; ……………………people are farsighted.
22. When his alarm went off this morning, he shut it off, rolled over, and slept for……………..20 minutes.
23. In just ……………………three weeks, he will be a married man.
24. Most of the guests have already arrived, and I’m sure that all of …………………will be here soon.
25. I invited five people to my party. Out of those five people, only John and Mary can
come…………………people can’t come.
26. I was watching TV the ……………… evening, when he appeared in front of my door.
27. We can try that—but whether it'll work is ………………….. matter.
28. We've all got problems of one kind or ………………………. .
29. The bills kept coming in, one after ………………...

DO – MAKE – TAKE – HAVE

DO
do the cleaning/cooking/ironing/washing (up) do harm / some damage (to sth)
do the dishes/laundry do business
do the housework/homework/assignment do sb a favor
do one’s duty/task/job/work do military service
do one’s exercise / exam/test do study/research
do one’s best do something / anything / everything / nothing
do one’s hair/face/nails do mathematics / physics / literature / economics

MAKE
make allowance(s) for make fun of
Ex. You have to make allowances for her because make it: be successful.
she’s old and tired. Ex. He never really made it as an actor.
make an apology to make it clear
make a complaint about make a resolution
make a contribution to make room for
make a decision on make provision for:
make believe Ex. He had already made provisions for his wife
make do and children before the accident.
Ex. We were in a hurry so we had to make make a suggestion to
do with a quick snack. make sense
Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

make sure make a phone call

make the most of sth/sb: make use of make a preparation
Ex. The workshop is about how to make the of the make a promise
textbook. make a speech
make yourself understood make a start (on)
make amendment make coffee / tea
Ex. She made several amendments to her essay. make a difference
make an arrangement make excuses
make a bed make friends (with)
make a date / an appointment make question/inquiries/requests
make (an) effort /attempt at make a point (about sth)
make a fortune He made a fortune in real estate. make money = make a profit ≠ make loss
make an impression make progress / success
make a journey make trouble
make a living He makes a living as a designer. make time
make a mistake It's important to make time to read to your children.
make a noise/ mess / fuss make war
make an offer

HAVE
have a chat with sb have fun
have / make a conversation have no alternative = have no choice
have a do: have a party have no idea
have a go: make an attempt have no intention of
Ex. - I can’t start the engine - Let me have a go. have no recollection / memory of
have difficulty/ problem / trouble have no wish / desire
have had enough of have sth in common
have a few days left have something/ nothing to do with

TAKE
take medicine (an aspirin) take a seat
take action / steps / measures take / follow one’s advice
take / have a bath/shower/wash take notes
take / have a look/ glance take a toll on: have a bad effect on sb/ sth
take a deep breath Illness had taken a heavy toll on her.
take a break / rest take the live of sb
take time There’s no rush – take your time. take notice of
take control of take the opportunity
take the bus / taxi take risk
take a photo

I. Correct the mistakes in these sentences. Two of these sentences are already correct.
 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa
1. Has she done many mistakes?
2. He did a lot of noise during the party.
3. Can I take a photo of you?
4. Are you making an exam tomorrow?
5. We must do a decision soon.
6. She always makes her washing at the weekends.
7. I always have a shower when I get up.
8. Why don’t you have a taxi? It’s late.
9. Susan is making a baby in two months.
10. Does he make his homework every day?

II. Supply the proper form of do or make.

1. Why did you often ………………… fun of him?
2. What kind of research was he ………………….. in the laboratory?
3. She asked us to sit down and then went to ……………………. some tea.
4. The only thing we can …………………………… now is wait and see what happens.
5. You should be able to …………………….. it on your own.
6. So far they ……………………… all the preparations for the journey.
7. It’s a great pleasure to ………………………… a conversation with Julia.
8. I cooked dinner so you can …………………. the dishes.
9. You should ………………………. an effort to ……………………your duty.
10. Bill decides to ……………………a good deed every month.
11. I must congratulate you. You ……………………….a good job.
12. Why did they………………………… a fuss over such trifles?
13. I can ………………… myself understood in French, but I’m not fluent.
14. Tom ……………………… much progress in his study this month.
15. He works for a company that ……………………… garden furniture.
16. What on earth were you ……………………. in the library?
17. Every young man must …………………… his military service.
18. You should ……………………. room for new television set.
19. What kind of business he …………………….. now?
20. I …………………….a date to see the dentist yesterday.
21. You should …………………… a decision as soon as possible.
22. Does Mary like ………………… the housework?
23. What is his occupation? He ……………………….. turnery for ten years.
24. You …………………….. your examination satisfactorily?
25. Leave me alone. I have nothing to ……………….. with you.
26. Stop asking and ……………….. what you are told.
27. Wine is ………………….. from grapes.
28. The grapes are …………………… into wine.
29. The holes in the cloth ………………….. by moths.
30. It’s an old car and it has …………………….over 80 000 miles.

III. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.

 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

impression provision sense effort time difference inquiries point way

1. Don’t be silly. What you are saying just doesn’t make ……………………..
2. If you make more …………………………, you would succeed.
3. Although the police made ……………………….. about the missing car, it was never found.
4. What……………………. are you going to make, exactly?
5. You may not care one way or the other, but it makes a ………………………. to me.
6. Jack made ample ……………………. for his family in his will.
7. Well, it’s time we started making our …………………..home, I think.
8. I’m afraid the play didn’t make much of a/an………………………..on me.
9. You may think you’re too busy to read, but you should make……………………for it.

IV. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains an expression which includes the verb have in a suitable
form.
1. There are still a few days until the end of our holiday.
We still ……………………………………. of our holiday.
2. Old Mrs Jones can’t climb stairs very easily.
Old Mrs Jones ……………………………..climbing stairs.
3. I don’t want to hear you complaining anymore!
I’ve………………………………………..your complaining.
4. I do not intend to call the police.
I …………………………………………calling the police.
5. I don’t wish to be a nuisance.
I ……………………………………….to be a nuisance.
6. I really don’t know where we are.
I ……………………………………where we are.
7. Give me the spanner and I’ll try to do it.
Here, let me ………………………….., I’m very good with spanner.
8. I don’t recollect posting the letter.
I ………………………………….posting the letter.
9. I went to the hairdresser’s this afternoon.
I ………………………………………this afternoon.

V. Match the sentence (1-8) with an explanation (a-h)

1. He’ll do you a favor.…………… a. The dog is quite safe.
2. He’s having a do. …………… b. He will help you.
3. He was doing over a hundred. …………… c. He can manage, don’t worry.
4. He does goes on. …………… d. He talks all the time.
5. He’ll make do. …………… e. He needs one of those.
6. He likes do-it-yourself. …………… f. It’s his party on Saturday.
7. He won’t do you any harm. …………… g. His hobby is fixing his own house.
8. He could do with one. …………… h. He was driving extremely fast.

VI. Choose the best answer.

 Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

1. I hope you will ______ notice of what I am going to tell you. (CĐ 2012)
A. take B. get C. keep D. gain
2. We must push the piano to the corner of the hall to ______ our party tonight. (ĐH, 2013)
A. make place for B. take up room to C. make room for D. give place to
3. In the last match, Sabella changed his formation at half-time, introducing Fernando Gago in midfield and
Higuain in attack, but in the end it was Messi’s magic that ______ the difference. (ĐH, 2014)
A. made B. gave C. did D. took
4. In a modern family, the husband is expected to join hands with his wife to ______ the household chores. (2016)
A. do B. run C. take D. make
5. The table in the living room should be moved to ______ the new TV set. (2016)
A. get rid of B. pave the way for C. make room for D. take hold of
6. It's no good _____ a fuss and arguing over such an unimportant issue. (2020)
A. making B. holding C. doing D. getting
7. My aunt excitedly _____ a compliment on the scarf I knitted for her as a birthday present. (2020)
A. took B. passed C. paid D. caught
8. Experts agree that too hard workouts may _____ more harm than good. (2020)
A. do B. set C. hold D. make
9. Fathers can _____ a good example to their children by helping with the household chores. (2020)
A. set B. hold C raise D. follow
10. Don’t worry too much. We all ______ mistakes sometimes. (2021)
A. make B. give C. put D. take
11. Jane gets up at 5 a.m. to _______ morning exercise. (2021)
A. do B. make C. bring D. play

VII. Rewrite the sentences, using the words given.

1. I can’t afford a new dress; that old blue one will have to do. ( make )

2. He doesn’t appreciate his wife. ( granted )

3. I think you should be tolerant of other people’s weaknesses. (allowances)

4. English people in general don’t like complaining in public. ( fuss )

5. Don’t pay any attention to what she says. ( notice )