Ms THU HÒA

Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa
TAG QUESTIONS
Some examples:
1. It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? (Not: is not it?)
2. Your mother doesn’t know about it, does she? (Not: does your mother?)
3. You can speak English, __________________?
4. Tom didn’t go to school last Saturday, ________________?
5. They’ve seen the film, ___________________?
6. You will help me, ___________________?
7. They shouldn’t leave that boy in the forest, ________________?
8. We mustn’t park our car here, _______________?
9. You and he were there last night, ________________?
10. Tom and his friends could be here, ________________?
Some exceptions
1. Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? Let’s  shall we
2. I am late, aren’t I I am  aren’t I
3. Open your book, will you? (to tell or ask people to do things) Imperatives  will you
4. Don’t talk in class, will you? (to tell or ask people to do things) won’t you
5. Do sit down, won’t you? (to invite people to do things)
6. Everyone is on time, aren’t they? every/some/any/no one  they
7. Something is in her eyes, isn’t it? every/some/any/nothing  it
8. You never drink wine, do you? Negative words (no, rarely, hardly,
seldom, scarcely, little, few)  non-negative tags
Complete the following tag questions.
1. You can’t answer all the questions, _______________?
2. You’ll help me to do the dishes, _______________?
3. He believes you, _______________?
4. The teacher should explain the lesson, _______________?
5. The boy didn’t know the lesson, _______________?
6. Bob frightened you, _______________?
7. You can speak English well, _______________?
8. She couldn’t arrange that, _______________?
9. You won’t tell him, _______________?
10. Tom shouldn’t do it, _______________?
11. Have a cup of tea, _______________?
12. I’m a totally stranger here, _______________?
13. Nobody phoned when I was out, _______________?
14. Nothing was said, _______________?
15. There must be a simpler explanation, _______________?
16. Peter hardly ever goes to party, _______________?
17. You’d better change your job, _______________?
18. Somebody wanted to see me yesterday, _______________?
19. There was a lot of noise, _______________?
20. Nobody has lived in this house for years, _______________?
21. There’s little point in doing anything about it, _______________?
22. He has few reasons for staying, _______________?
23. You seldom work on Saturdays, _______________?
24. He’s rarely at home, _______________?
25. I am not a fool, _______________?
26. Working hours will fall to under 35 hours a week, ______? (CĐ, 09)
A. will they B. won't they C. won't it D. will it
27. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______? (ĐH, 2013)
A. hasn't there B. isn't there C. isn't it D. doesn’t it
28. Canned food is not as healthy as fresh food, ______? (2016)
A. isn’t it B. does it C. is it D. doesn’t it
29. Mary rarely uses social networks, ______? (2018)
A. isn't she B. does she C. doesn't she D. is she
30. Sue rarely misses a chance to do voluntary work, ______? (2018)
A. doesn't she B. does she C. is she D. isn't she
31. Michael rarely returns to his hometown, ______? (2018)
A. hasn't he B. does he C. has he D. doesn't he
32. Her parents rarely let her stay out late, ______? (2018)
A. do they B. don't they C. does she D. doesn't she
33. You like the food here, _____? (2020)
A. won't you B. didn't you C. don't you D. haven't you
34. You often play sports, _____? (2020)
A. didn't you B. haven't you C. don't you D. won't you
35. The film is interesting, _______? (2021)
A. was it B. isn’t it C. has it D. wasn’t it
36. Life here is so good, ______? (2021)
A. wasn’t it B. has it C. isn’t it D. was it
READING TIPS
1. Survey the text through the title, heading, subheadings and illustrations, charts and
tables. Make predictions about the topic.
2. Read the first paragraph and the concluding paragraph.
3. Read the topic sentence of each paragraph.
4. Use the questions (and answers) to skim for general meaning (for overall meaning) and scan for
specific words (for key words and details).
5. Read in phrases.
A fast reader / doesn’t need to read / each word individually. He or she looks over the page and groups
of words together.
6. Guess what comes next (based on your background knowledge).
A good reader is always thinking ahead. Your mind predicts what will come next in the reading, then
you check whether or not your prediction is true.
7. Use transition words and phrases.
+ Addition: also, besides, furthermore, in addition to, moreover, too
+ Contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast
+ Result: as a result, consequently, therefore
+ Time: after a while, before, later, meanwhile, then, previously, during, as
8. Pick out important words.
One morning, when we had been riding in the blazing sun and stifling humidity for five hours, we
came to a narrow, rickety bridge where the railway crossed a stagnant pond. For 30 feet there was
nothing but the wide-spaced wooden sleepers under our wheels, and nothing to stop us falling into the
steaming bog below if we overbalanced.
The bridge looked dangerous because:
A. There was a 30 foot drop to the water below. B. It has no barriers at the sides.
C. There were pieces of wood all over the road. D. There was a railway line below.
9. Logical reasoning
Ex. Feeling satiated after the delicious meal, I lay down on the bed and went to sleep.
How do you feel after a big delicious meal? Full, not hungry. You can guess that satiated means full.
10. You can guess the author’s tone by looking at adjectives, adverbs, verbs, nouns in the
passage.
11. Don’t spend too much time on difficult questions.

12. Accept ambiguity
13. Read as much as you can in English.
14. Keep a notebook of the words you learn.
15. Enrich your vocabulary.

Try to work with new words you come across: look at the different related meanings, look up the
different word forms and use them in a sentence about yourself. The more you do with a word when
you first come across it, the more likely you are to remember its meaning later.
How Safe is Cup of Tea?
Paragraph 1…for years tea has had a reputation for being both safe and almost always beneficial…
Paragraph 2. Now scientists are suggesting that tea may not be as safe as we had previously believed.
Tea contains caffeine…pregnant women are advised to reduce their intake of tea until after their baby
is born.
Paragraph 3. Caffeine is found in tea, but it is a larger component of other drinks. Six hundred mg of
caffeine is found in six cups of percolated coffee, eight cups of instance coffee and twelve cups of
medium strength tea. Chocolate drinks contain about 30 mg of caffeine per glass, so it takes 20 glasses
to reach 600mg.
Paragraph 4. …Many people who drink a lot of tea solve the problem by drinking a beverage from
which caffeine has been removed, decaffeinated tea, but others claim that it simply doesn’t taste
right… Continue to enjoy your cup of tea, but don’t enjoy too many!
1. Tea used to be considered as:

A. beneficial in moderation C. beneficial in all situations
B. more dangerous than alcohol D. less dangerous than alcohol
2. Scientists say tea may be dangerous because it:
A. contains caffeine C. make all its drinkers nervous
B. reduces miscarriages D. irritate babies
3. There is more caffeine in tea than:
A. instant coffee B. chocolate drinks C. percolated coffee D. cola
drinks
4. The author suggests the best solution is to drink:
A. decaffeinated coffee C. instant coffee
B. tea in moderation D. no tea at all
(Prepare for IELTS skills and strategies, book two, Reading and Writing)
SOME COMMON TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
Main ideas can be found by studying the topic sentences, which are most probably found at
the beginning of each paragraph.
Example:
Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield,
Massachusetts, by the name of James Naismith. Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical
education students were indoors rather than outdoors. They really did not like the idea of boring,
repetitive exercises and preferred the excitement and challenge of a game. Naismith figured out a team
sport that could be played indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all
team members involved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style
football.
What is the topic of this passage?
A. The life of James Naismith B. The history of sports
C. Physical education and exercise D. The origin of basketball
How to identify the question:
- What is the topic of the passage? - What is the subject of the passage?
- What is the main idea of the passage? - Which of the following would be the best title?
- What is the message to the readers?
2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than
the passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage,
and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage.
Example:
Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from a variety
of materials. The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were made from hollowed-out bones
with holes cut in them. In addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-
out wood.
Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a complicated system of
keys, levers, and pads. The instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is not just made of any
metal, it is made of gold.
According to the passage, the oldest flutes:
A. had holes cut in them B. were made of metal
C. were made 200,000 years ago D. had a complicated set of levers and pads
- According to the passage... - It is stated in the passage...
- The passage indicates that... - Which of the following is true...?
3: "UNSTATED" DETAIL QUESTIONS

This type of question means that three of the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the
passage, while one answer is not.
Example
The Florida Keys area beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands.
These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland. U.S. Highway 1,
called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain. On this highway, it is necessary to
cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami, on the mainland, to Key
West, the farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys?
A. The Florida Keys area chain of islands. B. The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone.
C. The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc. D. The Florida Keys are not all inhabited.
- Which of the following is not stated? - Which of the following is not mentioned...?
- Which of the following is not discussed...? - Which of the following is true except... ?
4: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS

Questions of this type contain the words implied, inferred, likely, or probably to let you know that
the answer to the question is not directly stated. Some information will be given in the passage,
and you will draw a conclusion from that information.
Example:
The number of rings in a tree can be used to determine how old a tree really is. Each year a tree produces a
ring that is composed of one light-colored wide band and one dark-colored narrow band. The wider band is
produced during the spring and early summer when tree stem cells grow rapidly and become larger. The narrower
band is produced in fall and early winter when cell growth is much slower and cells do not get very large. No
cells are produced during the harsh winter and summer months.
It is implied in the passage that if a tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands, then it is:
A. a century old B. two centuries old C. fifty years old D. two hundred years old
- It is implied in the passage that...... - It can be inferred from the passage that
- It is most likely that...... - What probably happened ?
5: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT
When babies are born, they always have blue eyes. This is because the melanin, the pigment that
colors the eyes, is not on the surface of iris. Instead, it is within the creases of the iris. Because there is
little melanin on the surface of the iris the eyes appear blue.
After a few months, the melanin moves to the surface of the iris. It is the amount of melanin on
the surface that determines a person’s permanent eye color, so it is at this point that a baby’s eyes
develop the color they will have for a lifetime.
The word “permanent” in line 6 could be best replaced by ______
A. changeable B. lasting C. dark D. possible
- The word “_________” is closest in meaning to _________.
The word “_________” could be best replaced by__
6: IDENTIFYING THE WRITER’S VIEWS AND CLAIMS
- What is the author’s attitude towards…
- The author seems to be….(opposed to, supportive of, indifferent to, neutral, pessimistic about,
optimistic about…)
- The author finds… (surprising, interesting, understandable…)
7: IDENTIFYING THE PURPOSE OF THE PASSAGE
- The passage was written to…. (persuade, explain, describe, provide…)
- What is the purpose of the passage? (to warn, to inform, to tell, to convince…)
- What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?
8: IDENTIFYING THE SOURCE OF THE PASSAGE
- Where can the passage be most probably found? (in a newspaper, in a biography, in a psychological
journal…)
- The passage is most probably found in a … (fiction story, book review, cartoon, a newspaper…)
- The passage would properly be read in which of the following courses? (international affairs, current
events, American literature, European history)
- This passage has probably been taken from…. (an advertisement, a fashion magazine, a political
journal, a scientific book)
ARTICLES
I. Indefinite article
1. A Mr Jones called you while you were out.
My friend was talking to a girl.
2. She is a teacher.
3. It’s a lovely day.
4. Fifty kilometers an hour, £ 350 a kilo
5. What a fantastic sight!
This is such a great film!
II. Definite article

1.
The Smiths had a son & a daughter. The son was in the Army and the daughter was training
to be a doctor.
2. the Sun
3. The tiger is threatened with extinction.
4. The French eat in restaurants more than the English.
The Conservatives
5. Jane plays the piano every day.
6. The Shawshank Redemption is the best film I’ve seen.
7. the first
8. The old often feel lonely.
9.
The Hilton Hotel, the National theatre, the Odeon cinema, the Times
10. in the middle of, at the beginning of, the police, the pavement
11. Geographical names:
 oceans, seas and rivers, deserts, canals:
the Pacific ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Red river, the Panama canal
 mountain ranges: the Alps, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains
 countries in plural
 the environment: the coast, the seaside, the beach, the country, the hill, the sky
III. Zero article

1. Vietnam is a beautiful country.
2. We often have lunch at 11.30 am.
3.
We went there by car.
We went there in ………… car of my sister.
We went there in ………… really old car.
4. This chair is made of plastic and leather.

5. I love chocolate. I don’t like orange juice.
6. Everybody seeks for happiness.
7. Speaking is not permitted during the exam.
8. Dogs are not allowed in this shop. (dogs in general)
The dogs next door bark all night. (some
particular dogs)
9.
We visited Lake Victoria.
It’s in East Africa.
10.
Times Square, Central Park, Green Street, (exception: the High Street, the Drive, the Strand)
I. Underline the most suitable option. A dash (-) means that no article is included.
1. Helen doesn’t like the/ - cream cakes sold in a / the local bakery.
2. The / - handball is fast becoming a / the popular sport worldwide.
3. - He was sent to the / - prison for the / - six months for the / - shop-lifting.
- Do you go to the / - prison to visit him?
4. It’s a / - long time since I met a / - lovely person like you!
5. Carol has a / - degree in the /- engineering from the / - University of London.
6. At the / - present moment, the / - man seems to have the / an uncertain future.
7. The / - problem for the / - today’s students is how to survive financially.
8. The / - French enjoy spending holidays in the / - countryside.
9. Please do not turn on a / the water-heater in a / the bathroom.
10. Sue bought a /the Picasso I was telling you about the / - last week.
II. Complete each sentence with a/n or the or leave the space blank.
1. When I left ……. station, I had to stand in ………..queue for ………. taxi for…… long time.
2. If I had …………… time, I’d take up………….. archery.
3. We spent ……….pleasant evening having…………….meal at………….Pizza Pan Restaurant.
4. …………….Nile flows through ……………….city.
5. ……………..summer I spent in ……………USA was one of ……………best in my life.
6. She was …………..first woman to cross…………….Atlantic in ……………….canoe.
7. Jim became ………………..furniture salesman after losing ……………… first job.
8. We’ll go for …………..walk if ……………….sun comes out.
9. At…………. end of ……………….busy day,……………..sleep is …………..best tonic.
10. Go down ……………….. High Street and turn right into……………….. Mill Road.
11. Please let me carry………………..shopping. It’s …………………least I can do.
12. We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to ______nature (2017)
A. a B. the C. an D. Ø
13. The pace of _______life is much slower in the country than in the city. (2017)
A. an B. a C. Ø D. the
14. More and more investors are pouring _ _______money into food and beverage start-ups. (2017)
15. Domestic appliances like washing machines and dishwashers have made _____life much
easier. (2017)
16. My mother is often _______ last person to go to the bed in my family. (2020)
A. a B. Ø (no article) C. the D. an
III.
PARTICIPLES: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
- Express condition, reason, result, time relation, etc.
- Have the same subject with the main clauses
- Used in formal style
1. Used economically, one tin will last for six weeks.
(condition: If ……………………………)
2. Being unable to help in any other way, I gave her some money.
(reason: As …………………………..…)
3. It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.
(result: …so that ………………………………………………)
4. Having finished High School, Nam entered a university.
(time relation: After ………………………………………..…)
I. Present participle: One action is ………………………………… by another with the same subject.
1. Mary saw a snake. She shouted in panic.
→ Seeing a snake, Mary shouted in panic.
2. I didn’t know what to do. I decided to call the police.
→
3. He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.
→
4. She became tired of my complaints about the program. She turned it off.
→
5. We saw a beautiful view below. We stood on the top of the mountain.
→
6. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.
→
II. Perfect participle: Emphasize that ………………………………………………………………

1. They had seen the photographs of the place. They had no desire to go there.
→ Having seen the photographs of the place, they had no desire to go there.
2. She didn’t want to hear the song again. She had heard it all before.
→
III. Past participle

1. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.
→ Exhausted by his work, he threw himself on his bed.
2. The speaker refused to continue. He was annoyed by the interruptions.
→
3. The room was painted in dark colors. It needed some bright lights.
→
IV. Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions

Participle clauses can be used after many conjunctions and prepositions, such as after, before,
since, when, while, whenever, once, until, without, instead of, in spite of, and as.
After talking to you, I always feel better.
After having annoyed everyone, he went home.
She’s been quite different since coming back from America.
Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies.
On being introduced, British people often shake hands.
V- ing:
Having P.P.
P.P./ V-ed
Having been P.P.
I. Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes the underlined
part; or has a close meaning to the original one:
1. …………… for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
A. Having slept B. Have slept C. Having been slept D. Have been slept
2. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnson hope …………… painting and decorating the new nursery.
A. having finished B. to have finished C. having been finished D. to have been
finished
3. She’s angry about …………… to the fare well party last night.
A. not having invited B. not to have invited C. not having been invited D. not to have been
invited
4. We decided not to travel, ………… the terrible weather forecast.
A. having heard B. to have heard C. having been heard D. to have been heard
5. I’d love …………… to the party, but it was impossible.
A. having gone B. to have gone C. having been gone D. to have been gone
6. I don’t recall ………… him at the conference.
A. having seen B. to have seen C. having been seen D. to have been seen
7. …………… in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
A. Having painted B. To have painted C. Having been painted D. To have been painted
8. The stockbroker denied ………… of the secret business deal.
A. having informed B. to have informed C. having been informed D. to have been informed
9. They now regret …………… their son by providing too many material possessions.
A. having spoiled B. to have spoiled C. having been spoiled D. to have been spoiled
10. ………… to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
A. Having invited B. To have invited C. Having been invited D. To have been invited
11. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him. He’s lucky …………… a second
chance.
A. having given B. to have given C. having been given D. to have been given
12. Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall …………… about it.
A. having told B. to have told C. having been told D. to have been told
13. I’m sure it’s not my fault that Peter found out what we were planning. I don’t remember ……. anyone
about it.
A. to tell B. being told C. having told D. to be told
14. ………… by the boys’ behavior, she complained to the head teacher.
A. She annoyed B. Annoyed C. She was annoyed D. Annoying
15. ‘Wait a minute,’ said Frank, …………… through the door.
A. run B. runs C. running D. ran
16. ………… a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
A. Founding B. We found C. Found D. Having found
17. We were shocked to hear the news of your …………….
A. having fired B. to be fired C. having been fired D. to have been fired
18. ‘Did Nancy faint yesterday?’ ‘Yes, and that led to ………… to the emergency clinic.’
A. her taking B. her to be taken C. her to go D. her being taken
19. He was often made ………… milk by his mother.
A. drink B. drinks C. to drink D. drunk
20. I don’t blame you …………… to go outside in this awful weather.
A. not wanting B. for not wanting C. not to want D. not to have wanted
21. The spy admitted …………… some highly secret information to enemy agents.
A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been given
22. They were fortunate ……… from the fire before the building collapsed.
A. rescuing B. to have rescued C. to rescue D. to have been rescued
23. But after _________ it over, I laughed at myself and decided to join them anyway.
a. having thought b. I have thought c. to have thought d. having think
24. After _________ it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided.
a. to complete and sign b. you are completing and signing
c. completing and sign d. completing and signing
25. She often thinks carefully ___________ any questions.
a. before answering b. before having answered c. by answering d. having answering
26. ____________ from the horseback, he was taken to the hospital and had an operation.
a. When falling b. He was fallen c. After having fallen d. To fall
27. _____________ some bad news from her family, she collapsed.
a. When heard b. When she has heard c. To hear d. On hearing
28. _____________ the book, he had a holiday.
a. To complete b. Completing c. Complete d. Having completed
29. ______________ only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases.
a. Finding b. Having found c. Found d. Having been found
30. _____________ down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast.
a. Looking b. Having looked c. Looked d. Having been looked
II. Complete the following sentences, using the present participle, perfect participle, gerund or
perfect gerund:
1. The children admitted (take) …………………..…………… the money.
2. I object to him (make) ………………………………… private calls on the office phone.
3. Perter denied (see) ……………………………….… the accused man on the day of the crime.
4. (photocopy) ………………………..……… all the papers, Daisy put them back in the file.
5. (park) ………………………. the car about a kilometer from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way.
6. (eat) ………………………….……… dinner, he went to the cinema with some of his friends.
7. They anticipate (have) …………………………… several applicants for the job.
8. The boy confessed to (steal) ……………………….…………… the watch.
9. (see) …………………………… the photographs of the place before, I had no desire to go there.
10. (tell) …………….……… me that she would never speak to me again, she picked up her stuff and
stormed out of the house.
11. “Will you participate in the next speaking contest?”
– “(win) …………………………….. twice, I don’t want to try again. Let’s give chances to others”.
12. They found the money (lie) …………….…………… on the ground.
III. Rewrite these sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past, or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
.................................................................................................................................................................
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
.................................................................................................................................................................
3. As I don’t have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
.................................................................................................................................................................
4. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
.................................................................................................................................................................
5. He had spent his childhood in Oslo, so he knew the city well.
.................................................................................................................................................................
6. As we didn’t want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
.................................................................................................................................................................
7. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography.
.................................................................................................................................................................
8. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.
.................................................................................................................................................................
9. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.
.................................................................................................................................................................
10. She became tired of my complaints about the program. She turned it off.
.................................................................................................................................................................
11. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.
.................................................................................................................................................................
12. The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.
.................................................................................................................................................................
13. She didn’t want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before.
.................................................................................................................................................................
14. They found the money. They began quarreling about how to divide it.
.................................................................................................................................................................
15. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn’t move it alone.
.................................................................................................................................................................
IV. Choose the best answer.

1. Because she was irritated by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. (CĐ, 2008)
A. Irritating with her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him.
B. Being irritating by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him.
C. Irritated by her husband, she punctually left him.
D. She left her husband because of her irritation with his lack of punctuality.
2. Having been delayed by heavy traffic, ______. (ĐH, 08)
A. it was difficult for her to arrive on time B. it was impossible for her to arrive on time
C. her being late was intolerable D. she was unable to arrive on time
3. Hillary changed her major from linguistics to business, ______. (CĐ, 09)
A. with the hope for being able finding a better job
B. with hopes to be able easier to get employment
C. hoping she can easier get a job D. hoping to find a job more easily
4. The boy was not allowed to have any friends, so he felt lonely. (CĐ, 09)
A. Not having friends, they made the boy feel lonely. B. Deprived of friends, the boy felt lonely.
C. Having a lot of friends, the boy felt lonely.
D. Having no friends, the boy felt so lonely.
5. ______ entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him. (CĐ, 10)
A. On B. At C. During D. With
6. Not having written about the required topic, ______ a low mark. (ĐH, 10)
A. the teacher gave me B. my presentation was given C. I was given D. the teacher gave
7. When reaching the top of the hill, ______. (CĐ, 10)
A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea B. it was the sea that extended below us
C. we extended the sea below us D. the sea came into view
8. He cannot lend me the book now. He has not finished reading it yet. (ĐH, 2011)
A. Having finished reading the book, he cannot lend it to me.
B. He cannot lend me the book until he has finished reading it.
C. As long as he cannot finish reading the book, he will lend it to me.
D. Not having finished reading the book, he will lend it to me.
9. Martin missed his flight because he had not been informed of the change in flight schedule. (ĐH,
2012)
A. Martin missed his flight, though he had been informed of the change in flight schedule.
B. Martin had been informed of his flight delay, which was due to the change in flight schedule.
C. Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight.
D. Not having missed his flight, Martin was informed of the change in flight schedule.
10. Having traveled to different parts of our country, ______. (A 1, 2013)
A. we have learned a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs
B. much has been learned about interesting lifestyles and customs
C. we are seeing a lot of interesting lifestyles and customs
D. many interesting lifestyles and customs have been learned by us
11. ______ one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and
mime performed to music. (ĐH, 2013)
A. Being considering B. Considering C. Considered D. To consider
12. Standing on the tip of the cape, ______. (ĐH, 2013)
A. people have seen a lighthouse far away B. lies a lighthouse in the middle of the sea
C. a lighthouse can see from the distance D. we can see the lighthouse in the distance
13. Michael looked deeply hurt and surprised when ______. (ĐH, 2013)
A. scolded B. scolding C. to scold D. having scolded
14. Publishing in the UK, the book has won a number of awards in recent regional book fairs. (ĐH,
2011)
A B C D
15. Looking from afar, the village resembles a small green spot dotted with tiny fireballs. (A 1, 2012)
A B C D
16. ______ one of the most beautiful forms of performance art, ballet is a combination of dance and
mime performed to music. (ĐH, 2013)
A. Being considering B. Considering C. Considered D. To consider
th
17. Found in the 12 century, Oxford University ranks among the world’s oldest universities. (ĐH, 09)
A B C D
18. After analyzing the steep rise in profits according to your report, it was convinced
A B C
that your analyses were correct. (ĐH, 10)
D
19. Being that he was a good swimmer, John managed to rescue the child.(CĐ, 10)
A B C D
20. Building thousands of years ago, the ancient palace is popular with modern tourists. (CĐ, 11)
A B C D
21. Opened the letter from her boyfriend, she felt extremely excited. (CĐ, 2012)
A B C D
22. As seeing from the mountain top, the area looks like a picturesque harbour town. (ĐH, 2014)
A B C D
23. Reminding not to miss the 15:20 train, the manager set out for the station in a hurry. (ĐH, 2015)
A B C D
24. Nam defeated the former champion in three sets. He finally won the inter-school table tennis
championship. (ĐH, 2014)
A. Having defeated the former champion in the inter-school table tennis, Nam did not hold the title of
champion.
B. Being defeated by the former champion, Nam lost the chance to play the final game of inter-school
table tennis championship.
C. Although Nam defeated the former champion in three sets, he did not win the title of inter-school
table tennis champion.
D. Having defeated the former champion in three sets, Nam won the inter-school table tennis
championship.
25. Kate completed her higher education. She then decided to travel the world before getting a job.
(2018)
A. Without completing her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before A getting a job.
B. Given that Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job, she completed her higher education.
C. Having completed her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
D. Kate had scarcely travelled the world before getting a job when she completed her higher education.
26. Lucy paid a visit to the local orphanage. She then decided to donate part of her savings to
the children there. (2018)
A. Lucy had hardly decided to donate part of her savings to the children when she paid a visit to the
local orphanage.
B. It was only when Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the children that she paid a visit
to the local orphanage.
C. Before she paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the
children there.
D. Having paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy decided to donate part of her savings to the children
there.
27. Joe has finished his first-aid course. He proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker. (2018)
A. Although Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker, he hasn't finished his first-aid course.
B. Without finishing his first-aid course, Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker.
C. However helpful Joe proves as a rescue worker, he hasn't finished his first-aid course.
D. Having finished his first-aid course, Joe proves extremely helpful as a rescue worker.
28. He fulfilled his dream of travelling the world. He decided to get a job and settle down. (2018)
A. If he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he would have decided to get a job and settle
down.
B. Having fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided to get a job and settle down.
C. Although he had fulfilled his dream of travelling the world, he decided not to get a job and settle
down.
D. As he decided to get a job and settle down, he didn't fulfil his dream of travelling the world.
29. Once _______with sufficient information, the freshmen will feel more confident to start the new
course. (2019)
A. having provided B. provided C. are provided D. providing
30. Once _______for viruses, the software can be installed in the school computer system for use.
(2019)
A. has tested B. is tested C. testing D. tested
31. When _________as captain of the national football team, he knew he had to try harder. (2019)
A. appointed B. appointing C. appoint D. have appointed
32. If __________with pictures and diagrams, a lesson will be more interesting and comprehensible.
(2019)
A. illustrate B. illustrating C. illustrated D. having illustrated
33. _______about environmental problems, they decided to adopt a green lifestyle. (2021)
A. Have been learning B. Have learnt C. Having learnt D. Have been learnt
34. ______ the book again and again, I finally understood what the author meant. (2021)
A. Having read B. Have been reading C. Have been read D. Have read
35. _______ the negative effects of plastic bags, they turned to paper bags instead. (2021)
A. Have realized B. Having realized C. Have been realized D. Have been realizing
36. _______the experiment several times, the scientists finally succeeded in developing a new vaccine.
A. Having carried out B. Have been carried out
C. Have carried out D. Have been carrying out
RELATIVES
I. Relative pronouns
Rewrite the following sentences, using a relative PRONOUN.
1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.
2. Do you know the man? Your father met him last night?
3. Do you know the music? It’s being played on the radio.
4. Max isn’t at home. That worries me.
5. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to the market.
6. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
Who
Whom
Which
That
Không dùng THAT
+
+
Whose +N
II. Relative adverbs

Rewrite the following sentences, using a relative ADVERB.
1. The day was rainy. She left on that day.
2. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.
3. You didn’t tell us the reason. We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
When:
Where:
Why:
III. Preposition + relative pronouns

1. She is the woman. I told you about her.
2. The song was interesting. We listened to it last night.

prep.+
(in, on, about, for, to, with...)
IV. Identifying (không phẩy) and non-identifying clauses (có phẩy).

1. I thanked Ms White. She had helped me a lot.
2. These shoes are of excellent quality. They are produced in that factory.
3. I know your aunt. She used to be my teacher.
4. Tom studies better. This makes his parents happy.
5. The Sun can be used as the symbol of power. It gives the earth heat and life.
6. Tom had three sisters. Two of them are married.
7. I’ve sent him two letters. He received neither of them.
Non-identifying clauses (có phẩy) go after identified nouns:

+
+
+
+
+
+
V. Omission of relative pronouns

Thank you for the present. You sent me the present.
+
+
VI. Reduced relative clauses

1. They have an apartment. It overlooks the park.
They have an apartment which overlooks the park. … overlooking the park.
2. The fence is made of wood. It surrounds their house.
3. The boy is Ben. He is playing the piano.
4. Do you know the woman? She is coming towards us?
5. The ideas are interesting. They are presented in that book.
6. They work in a hospital. It was sponsored by the government.
A. By participle
+
S + V →
B. By infinitive
1. I’m so busy. I have so many things that I must do.
→
2. Yuri Gagarin was the first man. He flew into space.
→
→
3. The last person must turn off the light. The person leaves the room.
→
→
4. This is the second person. He was killed in that way.
→
→
+
+
VII. Cleft sentences

+
It
Ex. The boy hit the dog in the garden.

→ It……………………………………………………. (………………. focus)
→ It ………………………………………………….... (………………. focus)
→ It …………………………………………...………. (………………. focus)
My mother bought this bike on my birthday..
→
→
→
I. Fill in the blanks with relative pronouns or relative adverbs where necessary.
These are the pictures _which / that / Ø_ my son drew when he was young.
1. The man ____________________ you visited last month is a famous scientist.
2. Please think of a word ____________________comes from a foreign language into
Vietnamese.
3. Can you help me find the man ____________________saved the girl?
4. Mr. Brown, ____________________is only 34, is the director of this company.
5. I know a place ____________________roses grow in abundance.
6. They showed me the hospital ____________________buildings had been destroyed by US
bombings.
7. We saw many soldiers and tanks ____________________were moving to the front.
8. Dr. Fleming, ____________discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine
in 1945.
9. Love, ____________________is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his
life.
10. We must find a time ____________ we can meet and a place ____________ we can talk.
II. Choose the best option (a, b, c, or d) to complete each sentence.

1. I liked the friends …….. I went on holiday.
a. whom b. about whom c. with whom d. of whom
2. The man……along the corridor is our boss.
a. to walk b. walking c. who walking d. walks
3. Tim has passed the exam,………….is great news.
a. who b. that c. which d. whom
4. They are my two brothers, ____________are architects like me. They don’t like the job.
a. both of whom b. neither of whom c. neither d. who neither
5. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
6. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
7. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
8. The United States consists of fifty states, ______ has its own government. (D, 2009)
A. hence each B. each of which C. they each D. each of that
9. The temperature ______ takes place varies widely from material to material. (D, 2011)
A. which melting B. which they melt C. at which melting D. at which they melt
10. The Lake District, ______ was made a national park in 1951, attracts a large number of tourists
every year. (D, 2013)
A. that B. where C. what D. which
11. Her mother, ______ has been working for thirty years, is retiring next month. (A 1, 2013)
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
12. We hoped_______ they would come and give us new lectures. (A 1, 2014)
A. when B. that C. which D. what
13. They got lost in the forest, and ______ made matters worse was that night began to fall. (D, 2014)
A. that B. what C. which D. it
14. The receptionist, ______ answered the phone, told me that the director was out. (2015)
A. whose B. whom C. who D. that
15. In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables ______
organically. (2016)
A. that grown B. grown C. which grows D. are grown
16. The book ________you gave me is very interesting. (2017)
A. when B. which C. who D. where
17. The patients ______ with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those
receiving conventional medicine. (2018)
A. treated B. having treated C. treating D. who treated
18. Despacito, ______ over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite
songs among teenagers worldwide. (2018)
A. is viewed B. which viewed C. viewing D. viewed
19. Drastic measures should be taken to tackle the problems ______ child abuse. (2018)
A. involved B. to involve C. involving D. are involving
20. The children ______ by social networks are likely to suffer from depression and other
health problems. (2018)
A. are obsessed B. obsessing C. obsessed D. who obsessed
21. The data _______ from the survey allowed the researchers to gain insights into young people’s
attitudes to marriage. (2020)
A. obtains B. obtaining C. is obtained D. obtained
PREPOSITIONS
after ADJECTIVES, VERBS and NOUNS
 about
- (adj) certain, curious, doubtful, excited, hopeful, nervous (about/of) sad, serious, upset,
worried
- (verb) boast (about/of), complain, guess (about / at)
- (noun)
Ex. For centuries people have guessed about the nature of the universe.
 against
-
- campaign, fight (for / against), insure sth against sth, protest (about, against, at), rebel, warn,
vote (for / against)
-
Ex. Luckily, he had insured himself against long-term illness
Students took to the streets to protest against the decision.
Most teenagers find something to rebel against.
 at
- surprised (at/by), astonished, bad, expert (at/in), good, present, quick, skillful, weak
- aim, arrive, glance, hint, marvel
-
Ex. Most fathers wish to be present at the birth of their child.
 for
- available, adequate, dangerous, difficult, eager, suitable, famous, greedy, late, essential,
necessary, notorious, perfect, ready, responsible, useful
- account, admire, allow (for sth: take sth into consideration), apologize, blame, criticize,
excuse, look, pay, pray, prepare, thank, wait
Ex. Los Angeles is notorious for its smog.
His illness accounts for his absence.
Japanese market accounted for 35% of total sales.
It will take about an hour to get there, allowing for traffic delays.
- admiration, desire, disregard (for/of), excuse, provision, reason, recipe, respect,
Ex. What’s her recipe for success?
She shows a total disregard for other people’s feelings.
 from
- absent, descended, different, far, missing, safe
- bar, benefit, borrow, derive sth from sth, differ, discourage, distinguish, distract, escape, hide,
prevent, protect, refrain, resign, suffer
- freedom
Ex. She is descended from royalty, on her mother’s side of her family.
The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match.
You are distracting me from my study.
Please refrain from smoking.
 in
- absorbed, deep, engrossed, deficient, experienced, fluent, fortunate, interested, involved, rich,
successful
- believe, delight, indulge, invest, participate, expertise, specialize, succeed, trust
- decrease, fall, improvement, taste
Ex. He has very good taste in music.
You should have trusted in me a little more.
 of
- afraid, scared, ashamed, aware, conscious, capable, jealous, envious, fond, full, guilty,
hopeful, independent, irrespective (=regardless of), short, tired, typical
- accuse, approve, consist, convict, dream, remind, suspect, take notice of, warn sb (of/about)
- description, deficiency (of / in), habit, knowledge, lack, shortage
Ex. He is old enough to be independent of his parents.
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
His description of his favourite dog was very funny.
 on
- dependent, keen
- base, focus, concentrate, decide, depend, rely, spend
- ban, comment, effect, influence, restriction, tax
Ex. I would support a ban on smoking in restaurants.
 to
- acceptable, accustomed, addicted, agreeable, allergic, apt, attentive, contrary, close, equal,
faithful, friendly, harmful, important, kind, indifferent, inferior, superior, likely, lucky,
married, native, open, pleasant, polite, rude, related, similar
- appeal, attend, belong, commit oneself to sth, confess, contribute, dedicate, devote, explain,
object, prefer, react, refer, resort, response, subscribe
Ex. Babies are apt to put objects into their mouths.
I didn’t feel at all sympathetic to Kate.
The design does not appeal to me.
She dedicated her life to helping the poor.
- access, answer, attitude, cruelty, objection, solution, threat
Ex. Drugs pose a major threat to our society.
 with
- acquainted, bored, busy, crowded, faced, furious, happy, patient, pleased, popular,
preoccupied, satisfied
- associate, coincide, collide, communicate, compare, comply, confront, confuse, cover, cope,
deal, equip, fill, pack, plead, provide, supply, trust sb with sth
- be in dispute with sb, encounter, link, have a / be in a relationship
Ex. Salary will be commensurate with experience.
He was too preoccupied with his own thoughts to notice anything wrong.
Don’t confuse quality with quantity.
As he fell, his head collided with the table.
She pleaded with her parents to let her go on the trip.
Note:
apply to: This rule doesn’t apply to you.
apply for: You should apply for the job.
care about: The manager really cares about his employees.
care for / take care of She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
charge for: What did they charge for the repairs?
charge with: He was charged with murder.
clever /good at: She is clever at making excuses.
clever / good with My mother is clever with her hands, but I am not.
be concerned with: The book is mainly concerned with Soviet-American
relationship.
be concerned about/ for: The President is deeply concerned about this issue.
die of/from: The poor old man died of hunger.
die for: He died for his beliefs.
be dying for: I’m dying for a glass of water.
hear from: I look forward to hearing from you.
hear of: The last time I heard of him he was living in Glasgow.
result in: Our efforts resulted in success.
result from: injuries resulting from a fall
be anxious for sb about sth

be annoyed with sb at / about sth
be angry with / at sb about / for sth
argue with sb about sth
be grateful to sb for sth
grumble to sb at/about sth
sorry for sb about sth
laugh at sb about sth
agree with sb on/about sth
clear to sb about/on sth
favourable to sb for sth
familiar with sth
familiar to sb
familiar with sb
confident of have confidence in

cure (sb of sth) (v) cure (n) for sth
sympathetic to have sympathy for in sympathy with sympathize with
proud of pride oneself on take (a) pride in

contrary to contrast with
He was cured of the disease.

the search for a cure for cancer.
I. Circle A, B, C, or D as your best choice to complete each sentence.

1. Tom, are you familiar __________ this chemical symbol?
A. to B. with C. about D. for
2. Young people are often better __________ computers than old ones.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
3. His opinion differs ___________ mine.
A. to B. in C. from D. for
4. This kind of music is familiar __________ teenagers.
A. for B. to C. from D. with
5. That hotel is famous __________ its beautiful view and delicious food.
A. on B. with C. for D. about
6. Bill is bored ________ doing the same job for too long.
A. with B. at C. of D. for
7. They didn’t make use ___________ their knowledge when they solved the problem.
A. from B. of C. to D. on
8. I’m sorry __________ Jane my close friend, who lost a parent last week.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
9. He is not capable __________ remembering anything.
A. on B. at C. of D. for
II. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:

1. Mr. Smith is very kind _______ us.
2. It was very kind _________ you to help us.
3. He is very different ______ his wife.
4. We are pleased _______the result of our work.
5. We are confident ________ the success.
6. Our country is rich ________ natural resource.
7. Hue city is famous _________ its historical vestiges.
8. My mother is always busy __________ her housework.
9. Dirty air is harmful _______ our health.
10. John is skillful ________ dancing.
11. The streets are crowded _______ vehicles at the rush hour.
12. This opportunity is lucky __________ us.
13. The air at the seaside is good _________ our health.
14. My friend is good ___________ English.
15. I’m not acquainted _______ those fellows.
16. They are not accustomed __________ hot weather.
17. Your words are contrary _________your acts.
18. He is sad __________his son laziness.
19. You are old enough to be independent _________ your parents.
20. We are very grateful ________him ________ helping us.
21. Your profession is similar ________ mine.
22. This chemical is dangerous _________humans.
23. This work is not suitable ___________ her.
24. Her voice sounds familiar ______ me.
25. This student is eager _______ study.
26. That man is greedy __________ fame.
27. I was absent _____ class yesterday.
28. We must hurry, otherwise we should be late __________ school.
29. Air, water, and soil are necessary __________ all living things.
30. He is friendly __________ everyone.
31. This sweater will keep you safe _________ the cold.
32. Lan is very popular _______ her friends.
33. She was confused _________ the dates.
34. I’m not familiar _________his name but his face seems familiar ________ me.
35. My plan is similar _____ yours but it’s different ________ Ken’s.
36. I’m sorry ___________ the noise last night. We were having a party.
37. I’m a bit short _______ money. Could you lend me some?
38. He was angry ___________being kept waiting.
39. Is the proposal acceptable ________ you?
40. They made it difficult_________ me to see her.
41. Students here are friendly _______ one another.
42. I’ll invite her if you’re agreeable _________ her coming.
43. She got back safe ___________ her adventure.
44. It’s very nice _________ you to let me use your car. Thank you very much.
45. Why do you always get so annoyed _________little things?
46. Are you still upset ________ what I said to you yesterday?
47. I was shocked _______ what you said. You should be ashamed ______yourself.
48. These days everybody is aware __________ the danger of smoking.
49. Britain isn’t certainly famous ________ its food.
50. Our house is familiar ________ them.
51. Our house is similar ________ theirs.
52. She seemed to be successful ____________ anything she tried.
53. How much did you pay ___________ that?
54. May I introduce you ___________ him?
55. I don’t know her exact age; I can only guess ______________ how old she really is.
56. It’s a pity ____________ poor old Fred: everyone got a Christmas present except him.
57. I know ______________ experience that I do my best work early in the morning.
58. I am astonished ___________ the way my students can spend all night watching TV and
playing games and still remember their propositions next morning.
59. Raise the gun to your shoulder, aim _____________ the target, and try not to kill anyone.
60. How does a frog differ _______________ a toad?
III. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate adjective:

1. Our country is _________ in rubber.
2. I hope you will be_____________ in business.
3. I am ____________ with much washing.
4. I’m _________ with waiting here doing nothing.
5. Nam was __________ about speaking to a large audience.
6. Thanks for lending me the guide book. It’s __________ of useful information.
7. I’m very _________ to you for your help.
8. Are you __________ of ghost?
9. Smoking is ____________ to your health.
10. The school library is ________ to every student.
11. I was not very bright as a child, but I was so ________ with my hands that I decided to become a
pickpocket.
12. Sarah was very ________________ at figures, so she eventually became a successful accountant.
13. My wife loves cats. She has six. I am ____________to them, so I sneeze whenever I am near her.
14. Darwin’s theory suggests that we are all ____________________ from an ape-like creature.
15. For dinner we had meat and potatoes, ________________ by a splendid bottle of Chablis.
16. Newton was so _____________ in thought that morning that he absent-mindedly put the egg in
his pocket and dropped his watch into the boiling water.
17. The town of San Gimignano is ______________ for its medieval towers.
18. Janet! I’m _______________ at you: eating chocolates when you are supposed to be slimming.
19. Charles is disabled, so he is _____________ in having a wife who is a trained nurse.
20. Susan is disabled but she likes to do things for herself. She hates to be _______ on other people.
IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. My computer is not ______ of running this software. (ĐH, 2008)
A. compatible B. suitable C. capable D. able
2. Be _--------- with what you have got, Mary. (CĐ, 2008)
A. satisfied B. humorous C. interested D. suspicious
3. The new manager explained ______ new procedures to save time and money. (CĐ, 2010)
A. with the staff that he hoped to establish B. to the staff that he hopes to establish
C. to the staff that he hoped to establish D. with the staff that he hopes to establish
4. Helen is traveling to Germany tomorrow on her first working trip and she is very
excited ______ it. (CĐ, 2011)
A. against B. for C. with D. about
5. He died ______ lung cancer last month, leaving his wife in great shock. (ĐH, 2012)
A. for B. of C. in D. by
6. College students are becoming less dependent ______ their teachers. (CĐ, 2012)
A. on B. to C. of D. with
7. There is a good film ______ TV tonight. Will you watch it? (CĐ, 2012)
A. in B. from C. at D. on
8. The teacher said that I would be able to speak English fluently ______ six months. (CĐ, 2012)
A. in B. by C. till D. since
9. Don’t be concerned about your mother’s illness; she’ll recover soon. (CĐ, 2012)
A. angry with B. surprised at C. embarrassed at D. worried about
10. It is ______ of businessmen to shake hands in formal meetings. (2015)
A. familiar B. typical C. ordinary D. common
11. Global warming will result ______ crop failures and famine. (2015)
A. of B. to C. in D. from
12. This part of the country is famous ______ its beautiful landscapes and fine cuisine. (2016)
A. about B. with C. of D. for
13. Ms Betty is proud of her singing. (2016)
Ms Betty prides………………………………………..
14. The children are highly excited …………..the coming summer holiday. (2019)
A. to B. for C. with D. about
15. Schoolchildren shouldn’t make fun of those who are intellectually ………………to them. (2019)
A. essential B. inferior C. responsible D. familiar
16. His choice of future career is quite similar ………………..mine. (2019)
A. with B. at C. for D. to
17. The manager is directly responsible …………….the efficient running of the office. (2019)
A. in B. for C. about D. at
18. It was so noisy outside that she couldn’t concentrate ……………her work. (2019)
A. at B. in C. on D. with
19. Hoi An is famous _______ its ancient architecture. (2020)
A. to B. up C. with D. for
INVERSION
(Changing the normal positions of verb and subject)
She’s just said goodbye to him. They are no longer lovers. → No longer are they lovers.
A stranger came along the street. → Along the street came a stranger.
I shall lend you no money from now on. → No money ……………………………
I. NEGATIVE adverbs
 No, Not, Nowhere, No longer, On no account/Not on any account = For no reason, Under/In no
circumstances/On no condition, At no time, In no way = By no means, Not once, Not only…but also…
1. Not a single word did she say.

2. No where can you find a more beautiful place than Ha Long Bay.
3. On no account does she eat meat.
4. At no time do we go to school late.
5. On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
6. In no circumstances must you tell him what happened.
7. She added that she had in no way intended to offend anybody.
8. By no means is she poor; in fact, she’s quite rich.
9. Not once do I study this lesson.
10. Not only has she been late three times; she has also done no homework.
 Not until … (inversion clause 2)

1. I didn’t know that I had lost my keys until I went home.
It was not until I went home that I knew that I had lost my keys.
Not until I went home did I know that I had lost my key.
2. I didn’t recognize him until he took off his sunglasses.
It was not until……………………………………………………
Not until……………………………………………………
Not until later……………………………………………………
3. I didn’t like her until I understood her.

It …………………………………………………………………..
Not until ………………………………………………………….
4. He didn’t come home until midnight.
It …………….……………………………………………………
Not until……………………………………………………
 Time expressions: Never, Rarely, Scarcely, Seldom, Hardly

1. Never in my life will I forget her.
2. Rarely do American shake hands to say goodbye.
No sooner … (past perfect) ….. than…
Hardly / Barely / Scarcely …… (past perfect) …. when / before…: (only a short time before)
1. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.

2. Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when / before the telephone rang.
3. Barely had I started speaking when he interrupted me.
II. Expression with “ONLY” (inversion in clause 2)

 Only after, Only when, Only then, Only if, Only by, Only with
1. Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.
2. Only then/ later did I understand what she meant.
3. Only when I understood her did I like her.
4. Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently.
Note: Only Mary knew the answer. (only = the only one: no inversion)
III. So/Such … that

So adj / adv verb/auxi subject that
Such be Noun that
1. This picture is so expensive that nobody in my class can buy it.

So expensive is this picture that nobody in my class can buy it.
2. She looked so ridiculous that everybody burst out laughing.
3. The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.
4. He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
5. Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted.
IV. Little, Often, Much, Many, Many a, Adjectives
1. Many books did he read yesterday.

2. Beautiful are the trees in their autumn colors.
3. Little do I understand the lesson although I have learned it for a long time.
4. Although I have learned it for a long time, little do I understand the lesson.
V. Conditional sentences (should, were, had)
1. Should he be late, we’ll go without him.

2. Were I 10 centimeters taller, I would become Miss World.
3. Had he known that she had a new boyfriend, he wouldn’t have waited for her.
VI. Adverbial of place: whole verb before subject (subject must be a noun, not a pronoun)
1. On the grass sat an enormous frog.

2. Here comes Freddy. (Not: Here comes he  Here he comes)
3. There goes your brother.
4. Next to an article is a photograph of him.
5. Once upon a time, in a small village lived a beautiful and kind-hearted girl.
VII. Although/Though S V
Adj/Adv as/though S V
1. Although she is rich and intelligent, we don’t like her.

→
Rich and intelligent as she is, we don’t like her.
2. Even though they were exhausted, they tried to finish their work.
→
I. Put the verb into the correct form:
1. Never he (visit) me last year.
2. Here (come) your wife.
3. Here (be) your book.
4. Scarcely she (go) to school on time.
5. Not once she (do) that work for him a year ago.
6. Though we read that book many times, little I (understand) it.
7. Little I (improve) my level though we have learnt English for a long time.
8. On no account she (be) absent from class.
9. In no circumstances, she (buy) that book because it’s very expensive.
10. So beautifully she (sing) that all audiences seemed to be death silence.
11. Now the spring (come).
12. No sooner he (enter) the class than the mobile phone (ring).
II. Rewrite the following sentences and keep the first meanings, use the given words:
1. If you had told me this, I wouldn’t have come.
→ Had
2. Although he is rich, he is very mean.
→ Rich
3. They couldn’t finish their work even though they worked hard.
→ Hard
4. I hardly understood what he meant.
→ Hardly
5. She married him although she hated him much.
→ Much
6. They had no sooner put up her umbrella than it started to rain.
→ No sooner
7. There would have been an interesting party if the weather had been fine.
→ Had
III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. So many people have never been unemployed as today
Never _________________________________________________________________________________
2. This boy will no longer make the same mistakes
No longer ______________________________________________________________________________
3. He rarely met such a beautiful film star
Rarely ________________________________________________________________________________
4. She no longer spends most time talking care of her baby
No longer ______________________________________________________________________________
5. My father had no sooner got home than the rain began to fall
No sooner _____________________________________________________________________________
6. As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking
No sooner _____________________________________________________________________________
7. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
Hardly ________________________________________________________________________________
8. That store seldom receives complaints from its customers
Seldom ________________________________________________________________________________
9. Because the weather isn’t fine now, we can’t go for a walk
Were _________________________________________________________________________________
100. The runner went away.
Away _________________________________________________________________________________
11. She rarely smiles at me
Rarely _________________________________________________________________________________
12. My teacher is no longer teaching in this school
No longer ______________________________________________________________________________
13. You can buy this book only in this shop
Only __________________________________________________________________________________
14. This rich man seldom helps the poor
Seldom ________________________________________________________________________________
15. Martin had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang
No sooner ______________________________________________________________________________
16. He never smokes in bed
Never _________________________________________________________________________________
17. He not only refused to help me but he also laughed at me
Not only _______________________________________________________________________________
IV. Rewrite these sentences with the words given.

1. She never suspected that her money had been stolen. (At no time)
2. I have never seen such a stupid thing in my life. (Never)
3. There is a picture of a dolphin next to the news. (Next to)
4. She is so beautiful that I can’t help looking at her. (So)
5. They have been so successful that they often avoid meeting reporters. (So)
6. This switch must be touched on no account. (On no account)
7. He became so suspicious that he did not believe any one. (So)
8. The rocket went up. (Up)
9. The tree fell down. (Down)
V. Choose a, b, c or do that best completes the sentence.
1. Never in her life ______ this exhilarating emotion.
a. she experienced b. she did experience c. she had experienced d. had she experienced
2. _____ seen such awful behavior.
a. Have I never before b. Before have I never c. Never before I have d. Never before have I
3. They were wealthy. Money was plentiful, and ____ to be very bothered about levels of expenditure.
a. rarely anyone seemed b. rarely did anyone seem
c. did anyone rarely seem d. rarely anyone did seem
4. Not only do I enjoy classical music, _____ a season ticket to the symphony.
a. but I also have b. but also have c. but also I have d. I but also have
5. _____ so upset!
a. Has the boss seldom been b. Seldom the boss has been
c. Seldom has the boss been d. Has the boss been seldom
6. _____ the situation.
a. Little he understands b. Little he understood c. Little did he understand d. Did he understand little
7. There _____.
a. comes the bus. b. does my bus come. c. my bus come d. did my bus come
8. _____ his terrible secret.
a. Did they learn only later b. Only later they did learn
c. Only later they learnt d. Only later did they learn
9. – I’m from Turkey. - ______.
a. Am I, too b. I am, so c. So am I d. Neither am I
10. I cannot swim very well ______.
a. and neither my sister can b. and neither can my sister c. and so my sister can d. and so can my sister.
11. So difficult ____ that ______ three months to prepare.
a. is the test/ do the students need b. the test is/ do the students need
c. is the test/ the students need d. the test is/ the students need
12. _____ the problem, he wouldn’t have committed those mistakes.
a. Had he understood b. He had understood c. If had he understood d. Unless had he understood
13. _____ a more beautiful sight.
a. Nowhere hadn’t Susan seen b. Had Susan seen nowhere
c. Nowhere Susan had seen d. Nowhere had Susan seen
14. By the gate _______.
a. a little girl stood b. stood a little girl c. did a little girl stand d. a litter girl did stand
15. Not until the next morning _____ how serious ______.
a. she realized/ was it b. she realized/ it was c. did she realize/ was it d. did she realize/ it was
16. Not till _____ that he had lost the key.
a. he got home did he find b. he got home he found
c. did he get home did he find d. did he get home he found
17. Only when ____ into smart clothes after the match ____ to talk to the TV reporters.
a. the players had changed/ they were allowed b. the players had changed/ were they allowed
c. had the players changed/ were they allowed d. had the players changed/ they were allowed.
18. No sooner ______ the door than _____ it was locked.
a. had I reached/ did I realize b. I had reached/ did I realize
c. had I reached/ I realized d. I had reached/ I realized
19. ______, he can never follow me.
a. Fast as he runs b. Fast as does he run c. As he runs fast d. As does he run fast
20. _____ John that she talked about him all the time.
a. Did so much she adore b. Did she adored so much
c. So much she adored d. So much did she adore
21. _____ kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed.
a. Mr. Chan had been b. Had if Mr. Chan been c. Had Mr. Chan been d. If had Mr. Chan been
22. Scarcely ____ out of bed when ______.
a. had I got/ did the doorbell ring b. had I got/ the doorbell rang
c. I had got/ did the doorbell ring d. I had got/ the doorbell rang
23. Little _____how much trouble _____ in.
a. you know/ are you b. you know/ you are c. do you know/ are you d. do you know/ you are
24. On the table ______.
a. lay a yellow cat. b. a yellow cat lay c. did a yellow cat lie d. a yellow cat lies.
25. Such _____ that ______ whenever it was on.
a. the popularity of the film was/ the streets were deserted
b. was the popularity of the film/ the streets were deserted
c. the popularity of the film was/ were the streets deserted
d. was the popularity of the film/ were the streets deserted
26. They can neither read nor write, ____ such concepts.
a. they can nor comprehend b. nor can they comprehend
c. nor they can comprehend d. can they nor comprehend
27. Hardly _____ before ______.
a. had I left/ did the trouble start b. had I left/ the trouble started
c. I had left/ the trouble startedd. I had left/ did the trouble start
28. Only after _______.
a. the teacher understood the situation and did he make a comment
b. understanding the situation the teacher made a comment
c. the teacher understood the situation and made a comment
d. understanding the situation did the teacher make a comment
29. _____ to win the election, what _____ first?
a. You were/ you would do b. You were/ would you do
c. Were you/ you would do d. Were you/ would you do
30. Down ______.
a. fell half a dozen apples b. half a dozen apples fell
c. did half a dozen apples fall d. half a dozen apples fall
31. Only then _____ the danger _____ in.
a. did I see/ which we were b. I saw/ which we were
c. did I see/ which were we d. I saw/ which were we
32. Not a single word _____.
a. said she b. she says c. did she say d. she said
33. Carefully though ______, he could not manage to escape the accident.
a. he drove b. did he drive c. does he drive d. he is driving
34. Not until 1911 ______.

a. identified the first of the vitamins b. the first of the vitamins identified
c. was the first of the vitamins identified d. the first of the vitamins was identified
35. Only after the film started _______ that ______ it before.
a. I realized/ I had seen b. did I realize/ I had seen c. I realized/ had I seen d. did I realize/ had I seen
36. _____ will we let you live independently.
a. Not until do you grow up b. Until you grow up c. Until do you grow up d. Not until you grow up
37. No sooner ____ married than _____ to argue.
a. they had got/ did they begin b. they had got/ they began
c. had they got/ did they begin d. had they got/ they began
38. I had to show him my identity card and _______.
a. only then he let me in b. only then did he let me in
c. did he let me in only then d. did only then he let me in
39. No matter how ______, he cannot make ends meet.
a. he works hard b. does he work hard c. hard he works d. hard does he work
40. _______ the clothes since her husband bought a washing machine.
a. Any longer she has washed b. Any longer has she washed
c. No longer she has washed d. No longer has she washed
41. ______ us to have private talks in class.
a. At no time does our teacher allow b. At no time our teacher allows.
c. At any time does our teacher allow d. At any time our teacher allows.
42. She is beautiful, ________.
a. as her daughter is b. as is her daughter c. neither is her daughter d. neither her daughter is
43. ________ what surprises we have in store for her.
a. Little she knows b. does she little know c. Little does she know d. Does she know little
44. _________ this match.
a. No way will you win b. No way you will win c. Any way will you win d. Any way you will win
45. Whatever reasons ______, ______ them.
a. do you state/ I never believe b. do you state/ never do I believe
c. you state/ I never believe d. you state/ never do I believe
46. ____ not for his deafness, ____ on the phone.
a. Were it/ could he communicate b. Were it/ he could communicate
c. It were/ could he communicate d. It were/ he could communicate
47. _____ me a shelter _____ dinner for us.
a. Not only they gave/ but did they also prepare b. Not only they gave/ but they also prepared
c. Not only did they give/ but also prepared d. Not only did they give/ but they also prepared
48. ____ such a more comfortable hotel.
a. Nowhere in the area can you find b. Nowhere in the area you can find
c. Anywhere in the area can you find d. Anywhere in the area you can find
49. Down _____ and up _____.
a. the rain came/ went the umbrellas b. came the rain/ the umbrellas went
c. the rain came/ the umbrellas went d. came the rain/ went the umbrellas
50. ____ us an apology.
a. Not once the manager offered b. Not once did the manager offer
c. Did the manager not once offer d. Didn’t once the manager offer
51. Hardly did he enter the room when all the lights went out. (ĐH, 2011)
A B C D
52. The instructor blew his whistle and ______. (ĐH, 2011)
A. off the runners were running B. off ran the runners
C. off were running the runners D. the runners run off
53. Only after food has been dried or canned ______. (CĐ, 2011)
A. was it stored for later consumption B. it can be stored for later consumption
C. should it be stored for later consumption D. that it is stored for later consumption
54. No sooner ______ my car than the alarm went off. (A 1, 2012)
A. the thief had touched B. had the thief touched C. touched the thief D. the thief touched
55. They drove fifteen miles off the main road. Also, they had nothing to eat for the day. (ĐH, 2012)
A. Not only did they drive fifteen miles off the main road, they also had nothing to eat for the day.
B. Driving fifteen miles off the main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day.
C. They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road nor had anything to eat for the day.
D. They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they had something to eat for the day.
56. ______ that she does not want to stay any longer. (CĐ, 2012)
A. A little homesick does Beth feel
B. Beth feels such homesick C. Homesick though Beth may feel D. So homesick does Beth feel
57. The Moon is much closer to Earth ______, and thus it had greater influence on the tides. (A 1, 2013)
A. but the Sun is B. where the Sun is C. than is the Sun D. unlike the Sun
58. Scarcely had he stepped out of the room______ he heard a loud laughter within. (A 1, 2013)
A. then B. until C. than D. when
59. ________ was the tea that we couldn’t drink it. (A 1, 2014)
A. No longer B. So strong C. Hardly ever D. How strong
60. In no circumstances ______ on campus. (ĐH, 2014)
A. should smoking be allowed B. should allow smoking
C. smoking should be allowed D. we should allow smoking
61. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my family meant to me. (A 1, 2014)
A. As soon as I left home, I found out what a family could do without.
B. I left home and didn’t realize how meaningful my family was.
C. Not until I left home did I realize how much my family meant to me.
D. Before I left home, I realized how much my family meant to me
62. ______ at school yesterday when we were informed that there was no class due to a sudden power cut.
(2015)
A. We had arrived hardly B. We have hardly arrived
C. Hardly we had arrived D. Hardly had we arrived
63. He did not realize how difficult the task was until he was halfway through it. (2015)
Not until__________________________________________________.
64. She didn’t pass the exam because of her serious illness. (2016)
Had she not ______________________________________________________________.
65. Only after she ______ from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good health. (2018)
A. would recover B. has recovered C. had recovered D. was recovering
66. Only after the bus ______ for a few miles did Jane realise she was on the wrong route. (2018)
A. was running B. had run C. has run D. runs
67. The coach changed his tactics in the second half. His football team won the match. (2019)
A. Had it not been for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, his football team wouldn’t have
won the match.
B. Only if the coach had changed his tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match.
C. But for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match.
D. Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half.
68. Students are forbidden to bring their phones into the exam room. There is no exception whatsoever. (2021)
A. On no account are students permitted to bring their phones into the exam room.
B. In no way are students prohibited from bringing their phones into the exam room.
C. At no time were students permitted to bring their phones into the exam room.
D. Under no circumstances are students prohibited from bringing their phones into the exam room.
69. Restaurants are forbidden to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing. There is no
exception whatsoever.
A. At no time were restaurants permitted to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
B. Under no circumstances are restaurants prohibited from serving over ten customers at a time during
social distancing.
C. In no way are restaurants prohibited from serving over ten customers at a time during social distancing.
D. On no account are restaurants permitted to serve over ten customers at a time during social distancing.

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Tran Bien High School Teacher: Le Thi Thu Hoa

tables. Make predictions about the topic.

2. Read the first paragraph and the concluding paragraph.

3. Read the topic sentence of each paragraph.

11. Don’t spend too much time on difficult questions.

13. Read as much as you can in English.

14. Keep a notebook of the words you learn.

15. Enrich your vocabulary.

1. Tea used to be considered as:

2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS

3: "UNSTATED" DETAIL QUESTIONS

4: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS

II. Definite article

III. Zero article

4. This chair is made of plastic and leather.

II. Perfect participle: Emphasize that ………………………………………………………………

III. Past participle

IV. Participle clauses after conjunctions and prepositions

IV. Choose the best answer.

3. Do you know the music? It’s being played on the radio.

4. Max isn’t at home. That worries me.

5. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to the market.

6. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.

II. Relative adverbs

2. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.

III. Preposition + relative pronouns

2. The song was interesting. We listened to it last night.

IV. Identifying (không phẩy) and non-identifying clauses (có phẩy).

3. I know your aunt. She used to be my teacher.

4. Tom studies better. This makes his parents happy.

6. Tom had three sisters. Two of them are married.

7. I’ve sent him two letters. He received neither of them.

Non-identifying clauses (có phẩy) go after identified nouns:

V. Omission of relative pronouns

VI. Reduced relative clauses

3. The boy is Ben. He is playing the piano.

4. Do you know the woman? She is coming towards us?

5. The ideas are interesting. They are presented in that book.

6. They work in a hospital. It was sponsored by the government.

VII. Cleft sentences

Ex. The boy hit the dog in the garden.

II. Choose the best option (a, b, c, or d) to complete each sentence.

be anxious for sb about sth

confident of have confidence in

proud of pride oneself on take (a) pride in

He was cured of the disease.

I. Circle A, B, C, or D as your best choice to complete each sentence.

II. Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:

III. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate adjective:

IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. Not a single word did she say.

 Not until … (inversion clause 2)

3. I didn’t like her until I understood her.

 Time expressions: Never, Rarely, Scarcely, Seldom, Hardly

1. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.

II. Expression with “ONLY” (inversion in clause 2)

III. So/Such … that

1. This picture is so expensive that nobody in my class can buy it.

3. The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.

4. He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.

IV. Little, Often, Much, Many, Many a, Adjectives

1. Many books did he read yesterday.

V. Conditional sentences (should, were, had)

1. Should he be late, we’ll go without him.