Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy.

Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

Title of Research Conclusion

Author Methodology Study Findings
Article Objectives
This study is
an
observational
There was an
retrospective
increase in
in-patient
admission
chart review
rates due to
extending over
diarrhea in the
four time Despite an
months of the
intervals: pre- increase in the
crisis as
crisis, major rates of
compared to
crisis, minor admissions due
pre and post-
1. The effect The purpose of crisis, and to diarrhea during
crisis months.
of the waste this study is to post-crisis the garbage
The severity of
disposal compare the periods. crisis, the severity
diarrheal
crisis on the rates of Hospital of the diarrhea
Ahmed S. illness and the
rates of admissions due admissions illness did not
Ahmed, management
hospitalizati to diarrhea and due to differ. This may
Zeina of admitted
on due to characterize the diarrhea or indicate that
Halabi, patients were
acute illness among gastroenteritis physicians and
Jumana almost the
diarrheal adults and were included. patients were
Antoun same across
illness in a children before, Descriptive more worried and
the four
middle- during and after analysis of the utilized more
periods. Rota
income the garbage following was health services.
virus diarrheal
country crisis. done: However, Rota
outbreak was
characteristics outbreaks may be
noted during
of the present more prominent
the major
illness at the with improper
crisis among
time of garbage disposal.
children less
admission,
than 2 years
stool and lab
old, and adults
tests ordered
above 18
and
years old.
management
of the diarrhea
illness.
2. Solid · The aim of this This thesis The result To conclude if
waste Emma degree thesis is was carried shows that all pro-
managemen Selin to achieve an out during the participants environmental
t and understanding on autumn were aware of behavior is to be
health why waste semester the health reached in
effects management is 2012 both in risks Mutomo there
neglected within Sweden and connected to has to be; (i)
a smaller town in Kenya. In waste. Much available systems
a developing Sweden concern was for the public, (ii)
country, like preoperational raised a collective
Mutomo in Kenya work were amongst the thought of
and what is made; a community responsibility in
needed for a pro- review of members, every community
environmental literature, especially member, (iii)
behavior. And production of for the education on the
investigation will the children‘s issue in three
also be made interviewing health. All steps
concerning guide and participants (knowledge,
waste when study of the had a positive comprehension
improperly qualitative attitude and prevention)
disposed could methodology. towards re- but most
affect the During two collecting, re importantly (iv)
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

community
member‘s health
negatively.
The specific
research
questions are:
 How is the
groups‘
awareness of
solid waste
management and
do their views
months in
regarding
Kenya a
hazardous waste
field study
and regular
took place in a
waste differ? using and
remote town
 Which health recycling of
called Mutomo
effects can occur waste, for the
(south -
when waste is community
eastern
improperly members this
Kenya) where the living
disposed of and was if a gain
data standards
how is the of income was
was collected, has to be raised
groups‘ obtained. Also
production of for those people
awareness about the lack of
report begun that are most
these effects? responsibility
and data was frequently
 Do the groups‘ by the general
transcribed to affected.
differ and how in public was
computer. The
these asked brought up by
data
questions? many
analyzes and
 How do participants as
the finishing of
attitudes, habits, a social norm.
this thesis
values and
report was
norms influence
made in back
an
in Sweden.
environmentally
significant
behavior within
the community
members‘ and
what changes
are needed
regarding
those factors to
achieve a pro-
environmental
behavior?
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

Results shows
that there is a
significant
difference
between the
two study
areas in terms
of
environmental
characteristics
Primary data
. A significant
were collected
difference was
through a
also observed
This paper semi-
between
therefore structured
waste disposal
emanates from questionnaire
methods of
the need to that was used
Agbowo and Having
address improper to gather
Bodija established that
disposal and information on
communities. improper waste
management of environmental
Using PPMC, generation and
MSW in Bodija characteristics
our results management can
and Agbowo , municipal
demonstrates have adverse
communities in waste disposal
a relationship health effects on
particular. The methods and
between human health,
major thrust of its effects on
healthy the study
3. Effects of this study is to population
· Olusegun ecosystems concludes by
Municipal investigate the health of
Michael and health of reconmmending
Waste effects of MSW Agbowo and
Ogundele, communities that government
Disposal disposal and Bodija
· Opeagbe residents in at all levels
Methods on management on communities’
Mayowa Agbowo and should adopt an
Community the population residents. 421
Rapheal & Bodija. In integrated waste
Health in health of Agbowo households in
· Amusat Agbowo 158 management
Ibadan - and Bodija Agbowo (210)
Mudasiru (75.24%), 163 system with
Nigeria communities’ and Bodija
Abiodun (77.62%), 168 appropriate policy
residents. (211) were
(80%), 109 agenda, public
Implications of randomly
(51.9%), 94 programmes and
the waste selected for
(44.76%), 129 strategic action
management this study.
(61.43%) plans that will
methods and Data
respodents enhance
environmental generated
reported to environmental
characteristics of from our field
suffer of governance and
Agbowo and survey were
watery stools, end to
Bodija analyzed
typhoid, skin indiscriminate
communities on using t-test
infections, waste disposal.
health conditions and Pearson
vomitting, sore
of the residents Product
throat,
were Moment
abdominal
investigated. Correlation,
pains in the
(PPMC), at
past one year.
0.05 alpha
But when
level.
compared to
Bodija the
number of
respondents
who suffered
of watery
stools,
typhoid, skin
infections,
vomitting, sore
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

throat,
abdominal
pains in the
past one year
stood at 132
(62.56%), 124
(58.77%), 54
(25.59%), 73
(34.6%), 69
(32.7%), 97
(45.97%),
respectively.
4. The This paper’s aim To find studies The literature Most
Human Derek is to present a on the health search epidemiological
health Pheby balanced impacts of revealed more studies linking
impact of appraisal of the waste than 220 waste
waste epidemiological management papers management
managemen evidence processes, published practices and
t concerning the searches were about the health outcomes
public health made of online hazards to are based on
implications of databases, health from quantitative
five key waste relevant landfill sites. environmental
management organizations Of these, 101 measurements
processess - and reference are primary and on direct
incineration, in journal studies about measuremnets
landfill, articles the health on people at the
composting, impacts of time of exposure.
sewage landfill sites Also, they usually
discharges and and 23 about do not include an
landspreading the health evaluation of
sewage sludge impacts of statistical
contaminated significance and
drinking water. show no control
Six review of confounding
papers were factors. The
found which algorithm we
covered the used to appraise
epedemiologic the
alm eveidence epedemiological
linking health eveidence leads
effects with to the conclusion
landfill sites that the evidence
(Cantor, 1997; reported in the
Johnson, literature is not
1997; usually of the
1999;Miller, standard required
1996;Sever,19 to consider an
97;Vrijheid,20 association as
00). The convincing or
drinking water probable. The
studies were exception is
included in this studies on
section microbiological
because an hazards. The
important interpretation of
soirce of the evidence,
exposure from although based
landfill sites is on rigorous and
leachete into objective criteria,
groundwater. may still lead to
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

However, in
many studies,
the source of
the
contamintation
was not
subjective
known. In
judgments. To
some studies
reduce the
the source
degree of
was leaking
uncertainty, new
chemical
methods of
storage tanks,
exposure
in others,
assessemnts are
chemical
required, together
accidents.
with a better
Studies were
understanding of
not included if
the adverse
the water was
effects of a wide
contaminated
range of
by sewage.
substances for
Only seven of
which
the total are
toxicological and
occupational
teratogenic data
health studies
are still not
about the
available. Also,
health impacts
modern
on nearby
databanks with
communities.
GIS applications
The studies
are needed, and
looked for
improved
links between
modelling tools.
the landfill
The use of these
sites and te
summary
following
judgments in
health
HIAs and waste
outcomes:
management
reproductive
decision - making
outcomes/dev
processes s
elopemental
would facilitate
effects on
decision - making
children (31
by focusing the
studies),
debate away from
cancer (29),
the different
symptoms
interpretations of
(28),
the scientific
psychosocial
evidence and
impacts (19),
towards different
biomarkers
values and
(13), health
beliefs about risk.
problems not
specified in
abstract (14),
mortality (5)
and injuries or
poisoning (2).
5. Environm Salam Abul Solid waste The focus of the
ental and disposal sites are Data were The result study was on
health found on the collected from shows that three factors,
impact of outskirts of the 78 household both residents which were
solid waste urban areas, heads, were affected health, location,
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

disposal turning into the through the by the and the

At child sources of use of self- location of the environment. In
mangwaneni contamination administered dumpsite order to achieve
dumpsite in due to questionnaires closer to their its
manzini: the incubation . Households settlements. It objectives, a
Swaziland and proliferation heads were was also comparison
of flies, divided into noted that the between the
mosquitoes, and strata, with 39 residents nearby residents
rodents; that, in nearby whose houses and far away
turn, are disease (<200m) and are less then residents was
transmitters that 39 far away 200 meters very essential. As
affect (>200m) of the from the a result of the
population’s Mangwaneni dumpsite are comparison, it
health, which has area. In order victims of was noted that
its organic to achieve its malaria, chest both the nearby
defenses in a objectives, a pains, cholera, and far away
formative and comparison and diarrhea. residents were
creative state. between the However, affected by the
What to do with nearby and far residents location of the
solid waste has away whose houses dumpsite closer
long residents was are more than to
troubled done. 200 meters their settlements.
governments, are also Results obtained
industries, and affected with proved that as
individuals. the chest pain you move away
Therefore, this and bad smell from the
study was design from the dumpsite the
to determine the dumpsite, but impact is not as
effects of the mainly when severely affected
dumpsite on the wind is as
surrounding blowing in those who are
human their closer to the
settlement in the direction. dumpsite. It was
Mangwaneni also discovered
area of the Golf that residents
Course dumpsite located less than
in Manzini city. 200 meters from
the dumpsite are
most affected by
the dumpsite. As
a result of the
dumpsite, they
are victims of
malaria, chest
pains, cholera,
and diarrhoea.
However, it was
also noted that
those who are
located more
than 200 meters
within the
dumpsite are also
affected by bad
smells from the
dumpsite, mainly
when wind is
blowing on their
direction. As a
result, they
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

complained about
chest pains.
Modernization
and progress has
had its share of
disadvantages
and one of the
main aspects of
concern is the
pollution it is
causing to the
earth – be it land,
air, and water.
With increase in
the global
population and
the rising demand
for food and
other essentials,
there has been a
rise in the amount
of waste being
generated daily
by each
household. This
waste is
ultimately thrown
into municipal
waste collection
centers from
where it is
collected by the
area
municipalities to
be further
thrown into the
landfills and
dumps. However,
either due to
resource crunch
or inefficient
infrastructure, not
all of this waste
gets collected
and transported
to the final
dumpsites. If at
this stage the
management and
disposal is
improperly done,
it can
cause serious
impacts on health
problems to the
surrounding
environment.
Waste that is not
properly
managed,
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

especially
excreta and other
liquid and solid
waste from
households and
the community,
are a serious
health hazard
and lead to the
spread of
infectious
diseases.

From the This study aimed

The present reviewed at assessing the
study will information, it environmental
adopt a desk was pollution and
review established health effects
methodology. that landfills associated with
Przydatek and play an waste landfilling.
Kanownik important role A desk review
(2019) define as far as design was
desk study as disposal of adopted, and
the collection solid waste is information was
of information concerned. It gathered from the
Due to the from available was shown already available
widespread use sources, and it that majority of sources. The
of landfilling, is one of the the countries literature review
even as of today, low-cost have adopted was centered
it is imperative to techniques, landfilling as along three
6. An examine any compared to waste themes: waste
overview of environmental- field work management landfilling, waste
the Ayesha and/or health- (Przydatek systems. The landfilling and
environment Siddiqua, related issues and literature environmental
al pollution John N. that have Kanownik 201 indicates that pollution, and
and health Hahladakis emerged. The 9). During some landfills waste landfilling
effects and Wadha present study desk review, have lining at and health
associated Ahmed K A seeks to the study the bottom to issues. It was
with waste Kl-Tinya determine the scans the prevent concluded that
landfilling environmental available body leakage of the through landfills,
and open pollution and of literature, waste into the there are possible
dumping health effects carries out an underground chances of
associated with analysis of the water. The emission of
waste landfilling secondary present review gases into the air
by adopting a data in place, revealed, also, like CO2, H2S,
desk review and that landfills CH4, and NOx.
design. establishes a are meant to These gases
reference list create have been
at the end of conducive associated with
the environment respiratory health
information/da that enhances challenges and
ta collected. microorganism some specific
This helps in s’ activities types of cancer,
ensuring that and thus e.g., lung cancer.
the produced decomposition Carcinogenic
document is of the waste. risks were found
well organized Despite the to vary between
and presented role played by studies but were
in a manner landfills in the mostly attributed
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

that is easily waste to the varying

accessible. management characteristics of
Various sector, the the landfill. A
scientific reviewed variety of
databases literature literature
have been showed that suggests, also,
searched for they are linked that the
this purpose, with environmental
such as environmental pollution caused
ResearchGate pollution. by landfills
, Landfills were creates greater
ScienceDirect, seen to have risks to children
eNature, an influence living in the
JSTOR, on biodiversity vicinity of the
LiveScience, and the flora landfills.
Google and fauna, as Teratogenic
Scholar, and well as the effects of certain
Scopus. aquatic life. elements found in
Different terms Literature the contaminated
have been indicates that groundwater
used in the landfills are were, also,
search field associated observed.
areas, like with Unarguably,
“Water environmental humans produce
landfilling” pollutants a large amount of
AND “Health including mice waste, and
impacts” OR and other landfills provide
“Uncontrolled rodents. The the easiest and
filling” AND gases relatively efficient
“environment” released from way of tackling
“Health landfills result these waste.
impacts” OR into air However,
“Opened pollution of the landfilling has
dump sites” area larger deleterious
AND “Health” surrounding effects that seem
OR “Landfills” the to overweigh the
OR “Pollution” establishment, benefits it
OR in addition to provides. Better
“Dumpsite” the release of technological
“Environmenta bio- involvement in
l issues” OR contaminants. waste
“Health Landfills are, segregation and
issues” OR also, appropriate waste
“Waste associated management
management.” with pollution techniques,
The produced of the stronger
results were underground enforcement of
narrowed water, regulations
down to especially surrounding
include the when the landfills, and
last 10 years lining at the setting up a
of publication bottom is not larger concrete
from 2010 to sufficient to minimum
2020 to have prevent distance for
an updated leakage of the settlements are
and critical waste and a some of the
review. The large body of necessary
selected literature measures to be
articles supports this. seriously
included both considered and
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

research and
review
articles. Upon
this selection,
the final
results were
then scanned
for relevance
to the review
by previewing
the abstracts
and the titles.
The relevant
articles were
then
downloaded
and reviewed
thoroughly.
In the present
review article,
the delivered
taken in the near
information
future.
will be
organized
under the
following
themes and
sections: the
third section,
“Waste
landfilling”; the
fourth section,
“Waste
landfilling and
environmental
pollution”; and
the fifth
section,
“Waste
landfilling and
human health
risks.”

The paper aim is As recently Two thousand he present review

to know the recommended five hundred highlighted that
available by ninety three there is sufficient
7. Hazardou L. Fazzo, literature on authoritative records were evidence of
s waste and F. health effects of agencies, retrieved from association
health Minichilli, the residence in such as the MedLine and between
impact: a M. Santoro, the vicinity of US EPA and EMBASE text- exposure to oil
systematic A. hazardous waste WHO word and industry waste
review of the Ceccarini, sites and to [18,19,20,21], descriptor releasing high
scientific M. Della evaluate the established searching; 913 concentrations of
literature Seta, F. evidence of the methods and of these were hydrogen
Bianchi, P. association selection excluded sulphide and
Comba and between criteria defined because acute symptoms.
M. Martuzzi exposure to a priori were published The evidence of
hazardous waste applied. before 1999. causal
and health A five-step Of the relationship with
outcomes. process, as remaining hazardous waste
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

described by 1680 records, was defined as

Woodruff, was 1461 were limited for: liver,
followed: 1. excluded on bladder, breast
Specify the the basis of and testis
research title and cancers and non-
question; 2. abstract, Hodgkin
Carry out the because not lymphoma.
literature responding to Among non-
search, the a priori neoplastic
specifying the defined PECO diseases, asthma
search question. The was found to be
strategy with abstracts of related to
sufficient the resulting hazardous waste
detail so that it 219 papers with limited
can be were then evidence. We
reproduced; 3. evaluated evaluated as
Select studies independently limited the
for inclusion, by two evidence of the
analyzing their investigators association
compliance on the basis of between the
with a priori the inclusion exposure to
defined criteria. The hazardous waste
criteria; 4. results of this and adverse birth
Assess the first evaluation outcomes,
quality of were reviewed including low birth
individual by the full weight, pre-term
selected team of birth, congenital
studies; 5. investigators. anomalies overall
Rate the 167 papers of and anomalies of
confidence in epidemiologic the urogenital,
the body of al connective and
evidence for investigations musculoskeletal
each outcome on populations systems. The
[20]. In detail: living near evidence of a
1. hazardous causal
The research waste sites relationship was
question was were selected. defined as
formulated in Following a inadequate for
terms of review of the most other health
“Population- full-text of outcomes.
Exposure- each study, The available
Comparators- 110 were evidence of the
Outcomes” considered not health effects of
(PECO): relevant and specific
Population: were contaminants
people living excluded. 57 present in some
near articles were hazardous waste
hazardous eventually corroborates our
waste sites; selected and evaluation. In
Exposure: underwent the particular,
exposure to evaluation of drawing from the
hazardous the strength of evidence
waste; evidence. described in the
Comparators: Most of the previous section:
all selected persistent organic
comparators; studies pollutants, in
Outcomes: all reported more particular
diseases/healt than one benzene and
h disorders. health those chlorinated,
outcome. i.e. PCBs and
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

2. Altogether, the dioxins (for liver,

Search association bladder and
strategy: the between 95 breast cancers,
search was health NHL and
conducted in outcomes asthma), heavy
Medline and (diseases and metals, i.e.
EMBASE, on disorders) and arsenic and its
STN residential compounds (for
International exposure to NHL, liver and
(Information hazardous bladder cancers)
Service for waste sites and EDCs (for
research and was reported testis and breast
patent on. cancers, CAs).
information: Additional These data
stnk.fiz- file 1: Table confirm that
karlsruhe.de), S1, hazardous waste,
using both Additional file  if not suitably
text-words 2: Table S2 managed, might
(Table 1) and and cause adverse
descriptors Additional file  health effects on
(Table 2) 3: Table S3 populations living
based on the report, for near the sites
above PECO each outcome, where they are
question. the studies’ dumped or
Boolean characteristics processed. The
operators , the contamination of
were used to qualitative different
combine rating of risk of environmental
exposure and bias, a matrices,
outcome reliability including food,
terms, as assessment water, soil and
reported in the and the overall air, represents a
tables. The evidence health risk for
search was evaluation. these
limited to the As a result, populations. A
articles the evidence strong contrast to
published in of the causal illegal trade and
the 1999– association the deployment of
2015 period, between sound
i.e. after those hazardous management
considered in waste related practices is
the review by exposures and warranted as a
Vrijheid et al. chronic and priority – no
[13]. reproductive further evidence
health is needed.
3. outcomes was In several
Select studies evaluated as: instances,
for inclusion. limited, for however, further
Original liver, breast, investigation is
epidemiologic testis and warranted to fill
al studies on bladder important
populations cancers, non- knowledge gaps:
residentially Hodgkin in particular,
exposed to lymphoma and population
hazardous asthma studies analysing
waste were (Additional different
considered; file 1: Table pathways of
the criteria for S1), overall exposure, taking
inclusion of and specific into account the
articles in the congenital characteristics of
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

review were the site and the

defined a contaminants
priori. present in each
Exclusion waste site, might
criteria based provide useful
on types of information.
waste were Acute respiratory
defined: urban anomalies
diseases,
waste (urogenital,
diabetes and
(landfills/incine neural tube,
childhood
rators), e- musculoskelet
neurological
waste and al and
disorders are of
radioactive connective
particular interest,
waste; the system), low
also in
latter two birth weight
consideration of
because of and pre-term
the strong
their birth
indications that
peculiarities (Additional
environmental
(potentially file 2: Table
exposures to
released S2);
EDCs and
agents and inadequate,
potential EDCs
affected sub- for all the
can cause
populations). other health
cognitive and
Reviews and outcomes.
behavioural
economic Studies on
deficits in
evaluations acute effects
humans [40].
were not in populations
The results of our
included in the living near
review, although
evidence illegal dump
not conclusive,
evaluation, but sites in
provide
considered Abidjan
indications that
subsequently [23, 24]
public health
for discussion provided
policies on
purposes. sufficient
hazardous waste
Biomonitoring evidence of
management are
and association
urgently needed.
toxicological between
International,
studies were exposure to oil
national and local
not considered industry waste
authorities should
as part of the and general
oppose and
main body of and
eliminate poor,
primary neurological
outdated and
evidence, but acute
illegal practices of
were retained symptoms,
waste disposal
for interpreting and
(including illegal
and evaluating specifically
transboundary
the findings of otolaryngologi
trade), which still
epidemiologic cal,
affect some
al respiratory,
communities in
investigations. digestive and
industrialized and
dermatological
4. middle-low
symptoms.
Assess the income countries,
quality of and implement
individual and enforce
studies. The regulation.
full team of Compliance with
investigators the Basel
established Convention on
the reliability the Control of
of each study. Transboundary
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

This step
involved an
evaluation of
the possible
role of chance
(random error)
and bias
(systematic
error), arising
from flawed
exposure and
outcome
assessment,
confounding
factors or
study design
leading to
selection bias.
A qualitative
rating of these
items
(exposure and
outcome
assessment, Movements of
confounding Hazardous
control) was Wastes and their
included in the Disposal is
assessment necessary to
and is prevent high
reported in exposures and
tables, with a consequent
notation health effects,
ranging from “- particularly
-”to “+ +”. The among the
overall vulnerable and
assessment the poor
was not
univocally
determined by
these ratings,
but reflected a
final expert
judgement of
each paper’s
quality.
5.
Rate the
strength of the
body of
evidence, for
each outcome.
The evaluation
of the
evidence of
association
between each
health
outcome and
hazardous
waste
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

exposure was
estimated
taking into
account the
reliability of
each study,
the magnitude
and the
accuracy of
the estimated
association,
and the
concordance
between study
findings. The
evidence was
rated in three
grades:
Sufficient/Limit
ed/Inadequate
, partly derived
from the
approach
used by the
International
Agency for
Research on
Cancer (IARC)
Monographs
[22], but
specifically
defined, as
follows.

The by-products The results

of solid waste Thohoyandou show that the The study on
deposited in a landfill is differences health and
8. Health landfill has situated very between the environmental
and adverse effects close to the two impacts of landfill
Environment on the residential communities sites on humans
al Risks of surrounding areas at were found to has generated
Residents Prince O. environment and approximately be statistically mixed reactions
living close Njoko, humans living 100 m away. significant for among scholars,
to a landfill: Joshua N. closer to landfill Therefore, this five out of therefore,
A case study Edokpayi sites. This study study sought seven constitutes a
of and John sought to test the to find out the variables, that complex study.
Thohoyanda O. Odiyo hypothesis that perceptions of is for life in This study
u Landill, the deposition of health impact general; evaluated the
Limpopo waste on landfill and the way of personal health and
Province, has an impact on life for health environmental
South Africa the surrounding residents condition; effects of
environment and living closer to neighbourhoo Thohoyandou
residents living Thohoyandou d compared to landfill on the
closer to it. landfill. Firstly, others; residents living
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

community as
a closer to the
a place to live
reconnaissanc landfill, which
in and
e survey was integrates
perceived
conducted different factors
neighbourhoo
around the like waste
d change.
landfill site to disposal, air and
Palmiotto et al.
identify the dust pollution,
[8] showed
number of location of the
that residents
households landfill, water and
living closer to
and other noise pollution,
the landfill
functional fear of future
experience
institutions health, property
higher forms
located in the value,
of odour
area. It was mosquitoes and
annoyance
observed that rodent’s pollution,
and the
the community life in general in
residents are
was located the community,
concerned
approximately etc.
about the
100 m away
landfill impacts
from the
on the This study
landfill.
environment concludes that
Therefore, the
and their the residents
study focused
health. In living closer to
on residents
addition, the landfill sites
living
children living are at higher
approximately
closer to health and
100 m to 2 km
landfills environmental
away from the
experience risks when
landfill. The
increased compared to
households
methane those living far
living closer to
and methanob away from the
the landfill
revibacter landfill sites.
were identified
smithii in their However, the
to be
intestinal landfill associated
approximately
microbiota problems have
100
which caused helped the
households,
serious health community living
with an
challenges closer to the
average of
and unrest in landfill to be more
four people
the community conscious and
per household
[60]. The study educated on
[41]. Then, the
conducted in environmental
participants of
Nant-y- pollution. The
the study were
Gwyddeon health risk
strategically
landfill in associated with
identified
South Wales landfill pollutants
based on how
showed that in this study
long they have
residents living shows that proper
lived in the
in close landfill
community.
proximity to management is
This led to 100
landfill very essential.
people
complain of Landfills should
identified as
odour and be located far
the sample
increased rate away from
size.
of congenital residential
malformation houses and
According to [61]. institutions to
Brewer [42], avoid certain
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

stratified
random
sampling
technique was
adopted to
identify
approximately
50 participants
for the study,
who lived health and
approximately environmental
100 to 500 m, related risks.
and 50
participants
were identified
as the control
for the study
who lived
within 1 to 2
km away from
the landfill.
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

9. A case Alvarez, The general The Respondents There are many

study about Christine objective of our researchers answered that community issues
the improper Joy B. study is simple, it gather data by there are four of the residents in
waste Bagus, is for the the means of major Mojon Tampoy
disposal in Danica barangay to survey, that problems an example of
Barangay Elysse E. know how to served as a observed in this
Mojon Burog, properly dispose guide for their is the insufficient
Tampay Monique their garbage, to conducting an barangay. funds of the
Elisha J. find alternative interview, that A major barangay which
Flores, ways in was given to problem that is makes living in
Ruth eliminating their the residents. difficult to Mojon-Tampoy
Maxine C. garbage and The survey solve and also as money
Feratero, to ensure that the includes the affects other is greatly involved
Vince Joell community will basic aspects of the and greatly
F. maintain the question that lifestyle of affects
Gonzales, cleanliness in includes the the residents economics. The
Ros Peter Barangay Mojon information, is “ wala lack of livelihood
Angelo R. Tampoy. lifestyle, namang sapat and the
Soneja, This study mainly source of na pundo ang microfinance
Shant focuses on how income and baranggay” which also make
Kenneth C the practices of family which makes the the problem
the people in the background living in more difficult to
community can in line with this Mojon- solve as the
deeply affect, not the given Tampoy as barangay’s
just our nature questionnaire money is source of income
but also their holds the greatly is limited and
health. With our confidentiality involved and small compared
proposed project, of the greatly affects to their expenses
which respondents, it economics. that build up over
is the compost pit also included “Kakulangan time.
with shredder, in the sa mga Lack of street
this will help questionnaires livelihood lights which
reduce the about their programs” and alarms the
carbon footprint problem with “maraming residents
and smoke their microfinance” especially at night
pollution present barangay. also make the as the roads may
in the barangay. This data that the problem become unsafe
This is to have been more difficult and dangerous to
guarantee that gathered to solve as the walk on. The Out-
the community contributes on barangay’s of-school youth
will bring an the source of which makes
end to researchers income is their
incinerating their on coming up limited and life even more
garbage. of the possible small astray as they
The specific solutions compared to just live their lives
objectives of the to solve the their expenses without purpose
project are to problem. that build up when they just
obtain the Second is that over time. stand by
cleanliness and some of the Some in one place or
orderliness of gathered respondents another. Most
the barangay, to information provided especially is the
promote from the information improper waste
ecological community of that there is disposal which is
awareness to the Mojon- “kakulangan their
residences in the Tampoy is ng pailaw sa biggest problem
barangay, to from some kalsada” which at the moment.
provide the reliable online alarms the The methods
compost pit in sites that residents used by the
order to solve the gives more especially at residents in
problem of information night as the disposing their
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

uncollected from the said roads may wastes are

waste, to community become incinerating their
enhance like the land unsafe garbage,
proper waste area and the and segregating it by
disposal and number of dangerous to its category,
segregation as a population, walk on. It is throwing it to a
key to prevent and on finding also well, or they
the problem on ways on how dangerous for practice simple
where to put to have some the motorists composting. This
their waste, to solution on the to drive at is happening
promote problems that night as there because of there
cooperation the are the was no one who
among Barangay interviewees visibility lowers will collect all
Mojon Tampoy told to the at night and their
residents for interviewers makes it garbages or no
community from the difficult to collection of
development and questions to drive in garbage. The
improvement, to the survey. especially improper waste
teach the without management of
residents to lights. the barangay is
observe proper Large the main factor
waste numbers of that cause the
segregation and out-of-school problem. If the
removal and to youth are a people living in
enrich the soil major problem the area knows
condition which in the how to maintain
can also help on barangay their
their which makes surroundings, to
main source of their life even dispose their
income which is more astray as garbage
farm or they just live knowingly and
agricultural their lives properly make
without use of these
purpose when wastes, then the
they just stand problem
by in one may be lessened.
place or If the cause is the
another. It also drainage of the
bothers other barangay for
people, multiple flooding
especially the of
elderly, as garbage, then its
they are their improper
worried about waste
those youth’s management that
future. But exceeds the
according to factors. Improper
the interview, waste
this problem is management can
difficult to lead to certain
solve as those problems in
youths have aspects of health
trouble and economy.
financially and
the barangay
ang
government
cannot support
them for the
barangay itself
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

has insufficient
funds.
Most of the
respondents
answered that
the biggest
problem that
their barangay
is
facing right
now is
because .
Lack of
land space
provided for
wastes and
absence of
garbage trucks
lead to
improper
waste
disposal which
make the
surrounding
full of garbage
and wastes.
Analyzing the
information
provided by
the
respondents, it
was found out
that there are
different
problems
present and
evident in the
barangay but
are all difficult
to solve due to
insufficient
funds -
another
problem
observed in
the barangay
because of the
lack of
livelihood
programs.
According to
Tsagolov
(December 8,
2014), who
quoted a line
from
Francois
Quesnay’s
book, Tableau
Economique,
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

which explains
that the flow of
money
controls the
one’s
economy for
money can be
said to
maintain
economy’s
purchasing
power only if
its supply is
held
proportional to
what it buys.
As economy
grows, so
does
the economy’s
money and
vice versa.
But,
researchers
also found out
that it is most
likely possible
to resolve the
lack of
proper waste
disposal for
Quigley (June
7, 2011),
supported that
even though
there are no
funds
involved,
improper
waste disposal
can be
controlled
through
composting.
Insufficient
funds cannot
affect
improper
waste disposal
if done and
maintained
correctly
for composting
only needs
scrap
materials and
can save
money and
resources
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

Bekwarra A total of 400 The study

Local participants focused on the on
Government completed and impact of solid
Area is returned the waste on the
located in the questionnaires health conditions
Northern giving a of indigenes of
Senatorial response rate Bekwarra Local
district of of 100% as Government Area
Cross River presented of Cross River
State of in Table 1. State, Nigeria
Nigeria and Respondents due to non-
was created between the engineering and
out of the ages 20 – 29 non-scientific
former Ogoja years disposal. It is
Local accounted for found that with
Government majority of the increase in the
Area on participants global population
1st October 145 (40.6%) and the rising
1996. The while the least demand for food
Local respondents and other
Government is were within essentials, there
bounded on the age has been a rise in
This study aims the north by bracket 50 – the amount of
to know the Vandekya 59 years of waste being
10. Public impact of solid Local age (9%). generated daily
health waste on the Government Majority of the by each
implication Donald health conditions of Benue respondents household. This
of solid Ikwun of the indigeness State, on the (49.5%) were poses serious
waste Omang, of Bekwarra South by engaged in health risk and
generated Godwin Local Ogoja Local small scale destruction of
by Egbe John, Government Government, businesses biodiversity in
households Simon Area of Cross on the east by with 27.8% both terrestrial
in Bekwarra Alain, Inah, River State, Obudu and been farmers. and aquatic
Local Jude Owan Nigeria due to west by Yala. Most of the ecosystems of
Government non - engineering The Local respondents the area. The
Area and non - Government (42.2%) were situation could be
scientific has a observed to aggravated by
disposal. projected have the poor storage
population of secondary systems in
105,822 and education, homes and
Area of with only 9.3% establishments
306km2 that had no thus constituting
(118sqmi) with formal good channels for
ten political education. disease
wards12. Most Majority of the transmission by
inhabitants of respondents flies, mosquitoes
the area are (73.4%) of the and rats. Further
traders, rural respondents assessments
farmers and earned below could be needed
fisherman. N10,000, as during the rainy
Majority of the basic monthly season to have a
populace are income. The comparative idea
Christians with interval in of the level solid
few Muslims which the waste dumpsite
and traditional respondents in Bekwarra Local
religious reportedly Government Area
groups. The earned their of Cross River
design for this income varied State, Nigeria is
study was a as 47.2% of of great public
cross respondents health concerns.
Topic: How does improper waste disposal systems affects the health of the residents in Brgy. Canella, Biliran,
Biliran?

earned their
income daily
while 22%
earned their
income
monthly.
Majority of the
respondents
(96.9%) were
Christians,
married
respondents
were 62%,
while
respondents
with small
family size of
less than four
children were
43.9%. Among
sectional
the
descriptive
respondents
study using a
sampled as
self-developed
shown
questionnaires
in Figure 1,
and an
majority of the
observation
respondents
checklist to
(61.8%)
gather
disposed their
relevant
wastes in
information on
containers
solid waste
without cover
disposal
while only
practices in
2.5% of the
Bekwarra
respondents
Local
dump their
Government
wastes in sack
Area of Cross
bags. Results
River State.
from the
observation
checklist as
presented
on Figure
2 showed
majority of the
storage sites
were dirty with
no storage
containers and
inadequate
storage
facility. The
results
showed that
open dumping
contributed to
about 51% of
malaria.