ROTC REVIEWER

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)

- is the primary source of reservist officers and enlisted reservists of the reserve force of the Armed Forces of the Philippines

WEEK 1

Code of Citizenship and Ethics

- Executive Order 217 dated by August 19, 1939 by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon

Moral
-concerned with the principles and wrong behavior and the goodness and badness of human character.

1. Have faith in Divine Providence that guides the destinies of 10. Live up to the noble traditions of our people.
men and nations.
11. Be industrious.
2. Love your country
12. Rely on your own efforts for your progress and happiness.
3. Respect the Constitution which is the expression of your
sovereign will. 13. Do your work cheerfully, thoroughly, and well.

4. Pay your taxes willingly and promptly. 14. Contribute to the welfare of your community and promote
social justice.
5. Safeguard the purity of suffrage and abide by the decisions
of the majority. 15. Cultivate the habit of using goods made in the Philippines.

6. Love and respect your parents. 16. Use and develop our natural resources and conserve them
for posterity.
7. Value your honor as you value your life.

8. Be truthful and be honest in thought and in action.

WEEK 2
9. Lead a clean and frugal life.

ARTICLE SECTION 3 OF 1987 CONSTITUTION - defend the territory of the Philippines

- plan, organize, maintain and develop
- “Protect the people and the state, and secure the
sovereignty of the state and the integrity of the MAJOR SERVICES OF AFP
national territory.”
- PHILIPPINE ARMY (LAND DEFENSE)
FUNCTIONS - PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE (AIR DEFENSE)
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- PHILIPPINE NAVY (NAVAL DEFENSE)
THE MEMBERS OF THE PERSONAL STAFF
a. Office of the Strategic and Special Studies, AFP (OSS) b.
Public Affairs Office (PAO)
c. Liaison Office for Legislative Affairs (Lola)
d. Office of the Inspector General (OTIG)
e. Office of the Ethical Standards and Public Accountability
(OESPA)
f. Office of the AFP Sergeant Major (AFPSM)
THE MEMBERS OF THE SPECIAL TECHNICAL
STAFF
a. Office of the Provost Marshall General (OTPMG)
b. Office of the Adjutant General (OTAG)
c.Office of the Judge Advocate General (OTJAG)
d. AFP Headquarters Service Command (AFPHSC)
e. Office of the Chief Chaplain Service (OTCCHS)
f. The Office for Historical and Cultural Activities (OHCA) g.
AFP Commissioned Officers Club (AFPCOC)
h. AFP Housing Administration (AFPHA)
i. Office of the Chief of Engineers (OTCE)
j. Office of the Chief Ordnance and Chemical Services
(OTCOCS)
k.Office the Quartermaster General (OTQMG)
l. The Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG)
m. Office of the Chief Dental Service, AFP (OTCDS)
n. Office of the Chief Nurse, AFP (OTCN)
AFP WIDE SERVICE SUPPORT UNITS (AFPWSSU)
1. AFP Logistics Command (AFLC)
2. Intelligence Service AFP (ISAFP)
3. AFP Medical Center (AFPMC)
4. Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
5. AFP Command and General Staff College (AFPCGSC) 6.
Communications Electronics and Information Systems
Service, AFP (CEISSAFP)
7. AFP Finance Center (AFPFC)
8. AFP Dental Service (AFPDS)
9. Commissary and Exchange Service (AFPCES)
10. AFP Mapping Center (AFPMC)
11. Civil Relations Service, AFP (CRSAFP)
12. AFP Reserve Command (AFPRESCOM)
13. Presidential Security Group (PSG)
14. Office of Ethical Standard and Public Accountabilities
(OESPA)
WEEK 3
STANDARD OF CONDUCT OF A SOLDIER
- a soldier who fights as part of an organized armed
forces (military forces by nation)
MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM
- requires individual responsibility and accountability
for moral agency and dedication to duty
PURSUIT OF EXCELLENCE
- “THE BEST WEAPON IN THE UNIT IS THE
INDIVIDUAL HIMSELF”
- Soldier should thrive for knowledge
PROFESSIONALISM
- The expert application of specialized skills base on
an organized body of knowledge and in accordance
with laws and code of ethics with the highest degree
of excellence in the accomplishment of mission.
PRIDE IN UNIFORM
- uma(one), forma(form)
- particular symbolism
- clothing
- respect and symbolizes strength and power
MILITARY DISCIPLINE
- it involves the ready subordination of the will of the
individual for the good of the group.
DISCIPLINE
- develops habit of prompt obedience to orders
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- state of order and obedience among personnel in a WHY THEY FAILED?
military organization
- Absence of national leader
ADHERENCE TO LAW - Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among filipinos
- Inadequate training and preparation for warfare.
- subject to the same law and shall upload the same as
part of their duty of service in country. THE GROWTH OF NATIONALISM
DEFERENCE TO AUTHORITY - Propaganda movement was the 1st nationalist
movement
- refers to the right and responsibility to carry out
- set of communication actions.
functions.
- The “Illustrados” , Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez
Jaena, Maria Ponce, Marcelo H. Del Pilar

APPLICATION THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE KATIPUNAN

- vested in the military leadership as an innate of rank. - Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng

mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
- Founded on July 7, 1892 by Andres Bonifacio
WEEK 4 (supremo in 1895)
- Deodato Arellano (1st Supremo)
IMPORTANCE OF MILITARY HISTORY

- defined as an objective, accurate, descriptive, and TEJEROS CONVENTION

interpretive record of all activities of the Armed - Meeting of magdalo and magdiwang factions on
Forces in peace and war. March 22, 1897
- Foundation of our knowledge of military strategy and
ARMY LIBERATION OF THE PHIL.
tactics
- May 1, 1898 (Battle of Manila)
BATTLE OF MACTAN
- May 20, 1898, revolutionary navy was created
- April 27, 1521 - June 12, 1898, phil indepence in Kawit Cavite
- Marked the 1st organized resistance of the fiipino
TREATY OF PARIS
against foreign invaders
- December 10, 1898, the treaty ceded the Phil, to the
PHILIPPINE REVOLTS AGAINST SPAIN
U.S.
1500s
FILIPINO- AMERICAN WAR
- Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)
- February 4, 1899, San Juan Bridge Incident
1600s - Gen. Aguinaldo captured by the Americans in
Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901
- Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622) - August 8, 1901, Phil. Constabulary was activated to
1700s establish peace and order.
- February 7, 1905, PMA was establish in Intramuros.
- Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1825)
- Silang Revolt ( 1762-1763) COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

1800s - Transitional administration in preparation for the

country’s full achievement of independence from the
- Cavite Mutiny (1872) US
- November 15, 1935, inauguration of the
COMMON CAUSES OF THE REVOLT
Commonwealth of the Philippines and oath-taking of
- Levying of tribute Manuel L. Quezon
- Forced labor - December 21, 1935, The National Defense Act of
- Abuses and corruption 1935 (Commonwealth Act #1)
- Arrogance and racial discrimination - Birth of PA
- Activation of phil army air corps
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JAPANESE PERIOD
- USAFFE(United States Army Forces in the Far
East)_ Gen. Douglas McArthur
- January to April 9, 1942 Defense of Bataan
- Defense of Corregidor, Japanese heavy bombing and
artillery shelling (surrendered on May, 06 1942)
GUERILLA WALFARE
- Hampered the Japanese invasion
- HUKBALAHAP(Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon),
founder by Luis Taruc (surrender in 1954)
LIBERATION
- October 20, 1944, American landed on Leyte
- August 15, 1945 Japanese Surrender
- Sept. 2,1945, Lt. Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita
(Commander of the Imperial Army in the Phil.)
surrendered
CURRENT THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
- CTG (Communist Terrorist Group)
- LTG (Local Terrorist Group
- ASG (Abu Sayyaf Group)
- BIFF (Bangsamoro Freedom Fighters)
- Daula Islamiyah
PEACE INCLINE GROUPS
- MNLF (Moro National Liberation Front)
-MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front)
WEEK 4
Military Traditions, The following are the
significant military traditions:
Tradition of Valor –It is an act of a marked
degree of courage and bravery in the presence of
danger or in the face of the enemy
Tradition of Duty –It is an act of responsibility
and self-sacrifice a soldier who has dedicated his
life to public service.
Tradition of Honor - It is an act of respect
gained by men and women of the AFP from the
civilian populace through good deeds and good
examples.
Tradition of Solidarity –It is an act of unity
and teamwork shown by every member of the
AFP which serves as an ally in the
accomplishment of the mission.
Tradition of Loyalty –It is an act of willing
obedience to the governing laws of the country,
the constitution, and lawful superiors.
Military Courtesy – Acts of politeness, civility
and respect that some personnel in the military
organization accord to one another.
Military Discipline – is a state of order and
obedience existing within a command. It
involves the ready subordination of the will of
the individual for the good of the group.
Military Salute
- Executed snappily raising the right hand smartly.
cadet-used to address cadets
Military Training -it enables one to learn what is
required in the battlefield
Military Punishment – these are used to reform or
eliminate those unfit in the organization.
Awards – positive incentives
Moral Force - all members of the armed forces of
the phil. In the implementation of this code shall
morally bound by the divine laws, oath of office, afp
customs and traditions, afp code of conduct
Unprofessional Acts – behavior that fall short of the
professsional standard set forth in this code are
considered unprofessional acts
Act of Disloyalty – acts or omissions betraying one’s
faith,duty amd commitment to god, etc.
Customs – these are accepted practices realized
through continued usage that the take the force and
effect of a common law
Unethical Acts – refers to all acts of omissions
which deviate from established and accepted ethical
and moral standards of behavior and performance as
sort forth in this code
Corrupt Act – all acts or omission described and
characterized as crimes against public interest
-specifically mentioned in republics acts
no. 3019 and 6713 and other special penal law
including the article of war.
Preamble – the introduction that state the reason and
intent of the code
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WEEK 5
BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of
the laws.
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in
their persons, houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever
nature
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety or
order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or
the right of the people peaceably to assemble
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the
same within the limits prescribed by law shall not
be impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except
in the interest of national security, public safety, or
public health, as may be provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to information on
matters of public concern shall be recognized.
Access to official records, and to documents and
papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or
decisions, as well as to government research data
used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as
may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those
employed in the public and private sectors, to form
unions, associations, or societies for purposes not
contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for
public use without just compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-
judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall
not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for
the commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to have
competent and independent counsel preferably of
his own choice..
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation,
or any other means which vitiate the free will shall
be used against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of
detention are prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in
violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil
sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of
torture or similar practices, and their families.
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with
offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer
for a criminal offense without due process of law.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of
invasion or rebellion when the public safety
requires it.
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Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a
speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial,
quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a

witness against himself.

Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely

by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.

(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist

Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be

imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted.

(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or

degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate
penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be
dealt with by law.

Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt

or non-payment of a poll tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy

of punishment for the same offense.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder

shall be enacted.
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WEEK 5 (CONTINUATION)
HUMAN RIGHTS
- Defined as those rights, which are inherent in our
nature.
- Allow us to develop and use our human qualities,
intelligence, talents and conscience and to satisfy our
spiritual and other needs
Universal human rights
- “respect for human rights and human dignity is the
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the
world”
Philippine commission on human rights
- Human rights are siupreme
MAN’S RESPONSIBILITY IN HUMAN SOCIETY
- WHILE FREEDOM GIVES MAN THE RIGHT TO
MAKE MORAL DECISION, HE IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR DOING SO AND HAS TO ANSWER HIS
OWN CONSCIENCE
CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS AS APPLIED IN THE
PHILIPPINES
-can be only achieved if conditions are created whereby
everyone may enjoy civil and political rights.
1.1 rights of self discrimination
- right to freely determine their political status. (art.1 sec. 1)
- 1986 phil constitution “the state shall pursue an independent
foreign policy (art.2 sec. 7
Right to life, liberty and security
- Most basic human rights
- Art.3 of the universal declaration of human rights
states “everyone has the right to life, liberty and
sedcurity of persons.
Death penalty
- No personal, not even the state authority to take the
life of a person except in the cases of heinous crimes.
- March 25, 1995 , in his encyclical envangelium vitae
(gospel of life) admonished that modern society now
has all the means of effectively suppressing all
crimes by rendering criminals harmless without
definitely denying them the chances to reform.
- Euthanasia (mercy-killing), means the decision of a
person who is terminally ill with little hope of
recovering may give his consent to aphysician to
terminal his life or to withdraw all life support or
medicine
Abortion
- Whether intention or unintentional expulsion of the
fetus from the woman’s womb before the term of its
viability is another violation of the
- right to life
Prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude
- article 8 of the covenant states “no one shall be held
in slavery and slave trade in all forms shall be
prohibited”
- article 1 section 8 OF PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION STATES “no involuntary
servitude in any form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime
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torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and - Article 2 section 14
punishment.
Right of confrontation
- “no one shall be subjected to torture”
- Right of the accused to meet the witnesses face to
- no one shall be subjected without his free consent to face is intented to give the accused the opportunity ti
medical or scientific cross examine them (rule 113 of the rules of court of
experimentation(article.7,political coventant) the Philippines)

- art.26, of political covenant states “all persons are Self incrimination

equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to the equal protection of the law” - Article 14 section 3 of the phil constitution reads “
a person may not be compelled to testify against
arbitrary arrest and detention himself or to confess guilt

- art.9 covenant states “everyone has the right to Right to bail.

liberty and security of a person.
- An accused is entitle to bail except when he is
- no one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such charged of a crime punishable by life or death
grounds and in accordance with such procedure as sentence and the evidence is strong. (article 2 section
are established by law 13, Philippine constitution)

warrantless arrest Bail- a security filled by an accused for his temporary

release (rule 114, rules of court)
- rule 113, section 5, rules of court
Right to appeal one’s conviction of a crime
military or police checkpoint
- “everyone convicted of a crime shall have the right to
- sometimes has been constituted as violation human his conviction and sentence being reviewed by a
rights higher tribunal according to law” (article 14 section
5, political covenant)
rights of the arrested or detained person

- any person arrested by police or military authorities

should be informed, at the time of arrest, of the
reasons of his arrest. (article 9, political covenant)
Courts na pwede pag appealhan (in order)
miranda doctrine
Mctc (municipal circuit trial court)
- the detained person has the right to be informed of
the charges against him and competent counsel of his Mtc (municipal trial court)
own choice when making a stamen (us supreme court
in miranda vs Arizona) Rtc (regional trial court)

right of fair and public trial Ca (court of appeal)

- impartial tribunal, mens or institution with the Supreme court

authority to judge with the absent of prejudice or bias
(art 9,political covenant)

- Article 3, section 14, in all criminal prosecutions, the Double jeopardy

accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary
is proves, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by - “No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again
himself and counsel. for an offense for which he has already been finally
convicted or acquitted in accordance with the law and
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penal procedure of each country” ( article 14, section Right of nationality
7, political covenant)
- Everyone has the right to nationality and no one shall
Right to compensation due to miscarriage of justice be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality(article 15,
universal declaration of human rights)
- Article 14, section 6 of the covenants states that when
a person has a final conviction of a criminal offense
and when subsequently, his conviction has been
reversed or he has been pardoned on a ground that a Internation humanitarian law
new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that
these been a miscarriage of justice, the personal who
- International rules, establish by treaties or custom,
has suffered punishment as a result of such
which limit the right of parties to a conflict to use the
conviction shall be compensated according to law.
methods or means of warfare of their choice, or
which protect states not party to the conflict or
Juveniles persons and objects that are or may be affected by the
conflict.
- In the case of juvenile person, the procedure shall be
such as will take account of their age and the Ihl as enforced in the afp
desirability of promoting their rehabilitation (article
14 section 4, covenant)
- Memorandum order nr 259 dated feb 7 1995,
recognizing the law of armed conflict
- “every child deprived of his liberty shall have the
right to prompt access to legal and other appropriate Law of confirmed conflict
assistance” (article 37 of convention on the rights of
the child)
- Regulates the rights and duties of the belligerents and
the protection of the victims of combat if an armed
conflict occurred whatever the cause of conflict

Prohibition against ex-post facto law.

Basic principles

- Article 15 section 1 of political covenant states” no

- Limitation
one shall be held guilty of any criminal offense on
account of any act or omission which did not
constitute a criminal offense. - proportionality

Ex-post facto law - humanity

- Means a statute which renders a previously innocent - military necessity

act a criminal offense, aggravates or increases the
punishment for a crime or alters the rules of
evidence, or deprives an accused of some protection
or defense previously available.
Right to privacy
Geneva-type law
- compromises the four Geneva conventions of 1949
which provide for the protection of the victims of
war

- “ no one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful  first Geneva convention

interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on hi s honor - the protection of wounded and sick on land
and reputation” (article 7 section 1, covenant)
 2nd Geneva convention
Asylum
- Protection of wounded, sick and shipwrecked at sea
- Everyone has the right to seek and enjoy in other
countries asylum due to political persecution by
his/her country.  3rd Geneva convention
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- Treatment of prisoner of war - adapt by us in their bill of rights

 4th Geneva convention suspension of writ of habeas corpus

- Protection pf civilians in times of war - article 7 section 18, the president can suspend (not
exceeding 60 days) it in case of rebellion, when the
public safety requires it,

Hague type law - within 48 hrs the president from the proclamation of
martial law of the suspension of the privilege of
habeas corpus
- Rules of pertaining the conduct of hostilities

Mixed type law

- Consist both Geneva and hague

- Protocol 1, applicable in international conflicts

- Protocol 2, supplements article 3 common to all

Geneva conventions with more details rule applicable
which are not covered by protocol 1

other conventions and declarations on the conduct of

hostalities

- Protocol 1 prohibits the use of any weapon the

primary effect of which is to produce fragments
which cannot be located in the human body by x-rays

- Protocol 2, prohibits the landmine, booby traps or

any other devices against civilians

- Protocol 3, prohibits the use of incendiary weapons

habeas corpus

- Latin term meaning “that you have the body”

- Originated on 1215, through the 39th clause of the

magna carta signed by king john”no one shall be
arrested or imprisoned…except by the lawful
judgement of his peers and by the law of the land”

Writ of habeas corpus

- Means to “produce the body”

- Is used to bring a prisoner or other detainee before

the court to determine if the person’s imprisonment
or detention is lawful