NAME: MARIA FLORDELONA A.

MODULE NUMBER: 5
CENTRO
SUBJECT: BIO 105 Date of Submission: April 12,
2022

The Membrane-bound Organelles

LESSON 1 The ER and Its Derivatives
Activity Look at the figure below (Fig. 5.1.1). Identify the different
numbered parts. Find the ER and identify its functions. Answer
the questions in the analysis.

1. Nucleolus
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosome
4. Vesicle
5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Golgi apparatus
7. Cytoskeleton
8. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
9. Mitochondrion
10. Vacuole
11. Cytosol
12. Lysosome
13. Ceentrosome
14. Cell Membrane

Analysis
1) Do you think all types of cells have endoplasmic reticulum?
 No, because prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound
organelles and that includes endoplasmic reticulum

2) What is the major morphological difference between the SER

and RER?
 The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks bound
ribosomes, while Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is
defined because of ribosomes attached to its cytosolic

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 surface.

3) Does the ER attach continuously with the nucleus?

 Rough ER is located next to the cell nucleus, and its
membrane is connected to the nuclear envelope's outer
membrane.

4) What is the difference between the functions of RER and SER?

a. Smooth ER
• Steroid hormone synthesis in the gonad and adrenal cortex
endocrine cells.
• Tracing calcium ions through the cytoplasm of cells.

b. Rough ER
 synthesis of proteins
 Synthesis of the most lipids of cell's membrane

Applicatio 1) Make a 3D model of the Endoplasmic reticulum, both the rough

n and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Follow the criteria given in the
RUBRIC.

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 2) Discuss and compare the functions of RER and SER.

 Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth

endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are two types of endoplasmic
reticulum (SER). The RER is distinguished by the presence
of bound ribosomes on its cytosolic surface, whereas the
SER does not. The RER is attached to the outer
membrane of the nuclear envelope, which has ribosomes
on its cytosolic surface. The SER membranes, on the other
hand, are very curved and tubular, producing a network of
pipelines that run through the cytoplasm. The SER is
primarily involved in the synthesis and storage of lipids and
steroids, whereas the RER is involved in the production of
a variety of proteins.

3) How will the newly synthesized protein in the ER be

processed?

 The RER lumen is brimming with molecular chaperones,

which detect and bind to unfolded or misfolded proteins,
allowing them to reassemble into their original three-
dimensional structure. Proteins enter the ER lumen with
their cysteine residues reduced (SH), but many of these
residues are linked as oxidized disulfides when they exit
(SS). The formation (and rearrangement) of disulfide bonds
is catalyzed by PDI.

LESSON 2 The Golgi complex

Activity
Sketch the morphology of the Golgi apparatus.

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Analysis
1) In a cell, where can you find the Golgi apparatus?

 Golgi apparatus is found in the cytoplasm, close to the cell

nucleus and adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum.

2) When proteins come out from the ER, where do they go for
further processing?

 It will enter Golgi complex at its cis face and then pass
across the stack to the trans face along with the stack.

Applicatio
n 1) Make a 3D model of the Golgi complex. Follow the criteria
given in the RUBRIC.

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 2) Briefly describe the functions of the Golgi apparatus.

 Serves as a "processing plant" as the newly synthesized

membrane proteins and secretory and lysosomal proteins.

 Most of a cell's complex polysaccharides, such as the

glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycan and the
pectins and hemicellulose found in plant cell walls, are
synthesized in cell wall

LESSON 3 Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Activity Sketch the structure of the lysosome and peroxisome. Label the
parts.

Analysis

1) What are the different parts of the lysosomes? Of the

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 peroxisomes?

 Lysosome has plasma membrane, lipid bilayer, hydrolyctic

enzyme mixture, and glycosylated membrane transport
proteins. On the other hand, peroxisomes which is also like
lysosome has plasma membrane, lipid bilayer, and urate
oxidase crystalline core.

2) What are the structures that make the lysosome from

peroxisomes differen?

 The fundamental distinction between the lysosome and the

Peroxisome is that the lysosome contains a variety of
degradative enzymes and are big in size. Peroxisomes, on
the other hand, contain enzymes which are comparatively
smaller in size.
Applicatio
n 1) Make a three–dimensional model of lysosome and peroxisome.

LYSOSOME

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 PEROXISOME
2) Compare the morphology and composition of microbodies.

 Lysosomes are spherical entities with a single membrane

enclosing them. The Golgi apparatus produces them,
which comprise about 50 distinct types of hydrolytic
enzymes such as proteases, lipases, nucleases, and
polysaccharidases. Peroxisomes, on the other hand, arise
from the endoplasmic reticulum rather than the Golgi
apparatus (the source of lysosomes), and enzymes and
other proteins for peroxisomes are produced in the
cytoplasm and it contains catalae and xidase.

LESSON 4 Membrane-bound organelle functions

Activity Look at the figure below. Identify which of the following parts of
the cell is membrane-bound. Answer the questions in the
analysis.

PLANT CELL:
Cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes, and vacuole.

ANIMAL CELL:
Cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes.

Analysis

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 1) Based on the figure, what are the different organelles that are
membrane – bound in pant cells? In animal cells?

 PLANT CELL:
Cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes, and vacuole.

 ANIMAL CELL:
Cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, endosomes, mitochondria, and peroxisomes.

2) What are the functions of the cell membrane

 Keeps a cell intact
 Protective barrier
 Regulate transport in & out of cell (selectively permeable)
 Small lipid-soluble molecules, e.g. oxygen and carbon
dioxide can pass easily)
 Water can freely cross the membrane

Applicatio
n
1) Briefly discuss the function of each of the membrane-bound
organelles.

 Cytosol – contains many metabolic pathways, protein

synthesis, the cytoskeleton.
 Nucleus - Responsible for maintaining the integrity of
DNA and in controlling cellular activities.
 Endoplasmic reticulum - involved in protein and lipid
syntheses, metabolism of carbohydrates and calcium
concentration, attachment of receptors on cell membrane
proteins, and intracellular transport
 Golgi apparatus - Involved in glycosylation, packaging of
molecules for secretion, transporting of lipids within the
cell, and giving rise to lysosomes
 Lysosomes - Primarily for digestion and removal of
excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed
viruses or bacteria
 Endosomes - Internalized material is sorted and delivered
from the cell surface, and materials are transported from
the Golgi to the lysosome or vacuole.
 Mitochondria - Responsible for the generation of most of
the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate through the
process of cellular respiration
 Peroxisomes – play important roles in metabolism,
reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling.

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  Vacuole - provides structural support, intracellular
secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion
 Chloroplast – ATP synthesis and carcbon fixation by
photosynthesis.

2) Briefly discuss the protein post-translational modifications.

 PTMs are covalent processing events that change the

characteristics of a protein by proteolytic cleavage and
adding a modifying group to one or more amino acids,
such as acetyl, phosphoryl, glycosyl, and methyl.

3) Make a video presentation illustrating the translation process

using different materials (i.e., clay, zipper, beads, etc.) . Post your
video in the stream of the google classroom.

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