Architects in Business, Design and Ethics

The Aspects of Architect towards Business and Ethics

Author/s: Bolata, Rodelie S.
Eduarte, Imee T.
Lanchinebre, Emma Grace
Pomarejos, Krishna Mae B.
Silvano, Lea Catherine
Rizal Technological University – Boni Campus
Mandaluyong City, Philippines

Abstract: The following instructions form a guideline for formatting papers for the full-paper submission for the Eighth
Annual Conference on Architectural Research and Education. The papers are hoped to be published
eventually in a refereed journal. It is our goal to be relatively flexible in the format, yet maintain a reasonable
degree of consistency between papers in the finished product. This document is formatted in the desired
manner and is available on the Conference web site (http://www.geocities.com/archcare/ACARE8). There
should be indication or identification of the source of paper and any of the authors in the full paper for review.
List all authors, affiliations and proper credits for contributors should be provided in the final paper, i.e.
accepted full paper. Authors should format their documents using the styles provided in this Word document.
All correspondence and submissions shall be in electronic form only. The papers should be submitted in the
form of an electronic document, in ‘.doc’ (MS-Word), using the appropriate document-template. Files
produced by Pagemaker, WordPerfect, FrameMaker, or LaTex are NOT acceptable. Please also submit an
Acrobat .pdf format of the final paper for verification purpose, because sometimes the formatting in the Word
documents may be altered in the process of electronic exchanges. State the source for all illustration. State also
permission for use, if the author is not the owner of the any illustration, including tables and figures, used in
the manuscript. It is best to use this guidance document as a template for preparing your paper. Not more than
200 word abstract is included. All papers must be submitted electronically on or before September 1, 2008.
Keywords: Place your keywords here separated by commas if you have more than one. There should be a maximum of 10
keywords.

INTRODUCTION

Please read the instructions carefully for the preparation of your manuscript, and the submission deadline,
and procedure.
This document should be used as your template for preparing your full paper submission for the ACARE8.
If you use this guidance document as your template and use the styles as they appear, it will greatly assist
those who are producing the proceedings. Do not format your paper to simply look like this document, but
use this template directly and change the text to your own text without changing the format of font, spacing,
etc. You should use the exact styles as in this document. (For those familiar with using Word styles and
formatting functions, the style list of this document is called ARF1. You can use the styles in this list to set
the formatting attributes, especially the typeface, line spacing, indents, and the space around headings,
tables and figures.)
Please have your paper checked and edited before submitting it, as the organizers may have to reject papers
that are of very poor English. MS Word spelling and grammar checkers will surface many errors, but there
will be many sentences with poor English that remain undetected by the automatic checks.
There will be a review for the full paper. Authors with accepted full paper will be notified by emails and are
required to submit THE REVISED final paper in a format according to publishing requirement. If you use
the styles designated in the template faithfully, you may need only minor adjustment to the final paper, if
the publisher require some changes to the formatting.

1.1 Nature and Structure of Compensation in Design and Construction Process

The text should be in clear and concise Great Britain English.

 1.2 Architectural Firm: Compensation Impacts
Your text should be laid out for a standard A4 size paper (8.27” x 11.69”, portrait). Margins should be set
accordingly as: top 1”; bottom 1”; left 1.25”; right 1”; gutter 0”; header distance 0.5” and footer distance
0.3”. The text area is thus 6.02” wide and 9.69” high. Text should be justified.

1.3 Architect- Client Perceptions: Moralizing Finance

Your paper should not exceed 10 pages.

1.4 Ethics: Design Practice and Profit

In a professional manner, the architect’s identity was discovered between a multitude of well-known, yet
contradictory identities; the professionals who prioritize public service and the arts before profit and
business; entrepreneurs with profit motives that defy professionalism or an artists that prioritize discipline
and cultural recognition over all else. Additionally, these historical inconsistencies were firmly embedded
and inevitable until the 1970s.

Caroll (2015) highlighted that when it comes to moral behavior or ethics of the architects towards the
projects or management of the project. The very idea of architectural guilt suggests that there must be, and
maybe even assumes, that there architectural requirements, for example. If there were obligations related to
architecture, which architects would be subject to by virtue of their profession, they would ensure a
relationship between ethics on the inside. These obligations constituted in the phrases of “truth to the
materials” and “structural honesty”, the following architectural responsibilities in rely to ethics are:

 The architects should be “true to” or beholden to the materials;

 That architects must practice structural honesty;
 That architects must embody or articulate the spirit of age rather radically and;
 The architects must do and had one word in managing the project as well as keeping the trust of
the client.

In addition, Saltz (2018) discussed in the study of better ethics for architects, the first responsibility of
architects is to uphold and exclusively represent their clients' interests. These interests cover the cost of
building the client's facility as well as its long-term maintenance, improvement, and marketability expenses.
In comparison to the costs paid to the architect, the client is taking on risks that will last for a very long time
after the engagement has closed. The architect is in charge of controlling that risk and making sure the client
is completely aware of all the effects that any of the architect's services may have on the risk. Although some
contend that the architect's primary responsibility is to the public's health, safety, and welfare, doing so falls
under the scope of minimizing owners' risk. The author also added a few things that is better in order to
improve the ethical position of an architects.

 Considering that architecture is a profession, architects must keep their personal opinions and
preferences at the clients' door.
 Any decision made by architects that materially affects their clients' interest in their projects or
raises their risk must always be done with the clients' informed consent. The informed component is
essential; in order to make the choice, owners need information that is precise, accurate, full, and
free of opinions that qualify for facts.
 Architects must be aware of and respect their knowledge's limitations. As long as the client is aware
that assistance is being requested, it is acceptable to do so.
 Writing specifications must be taken into account. The best possibility for the architect to match the
design with the owner's goals and budget and for the owner to follow and understand the decision-
making process is when specifications are initiated and provided effectively in the process and
specify projects' systems and performance standards.

In general, if the architect practices morals and ethics that are in line with his professionalism, it has a big
impact not only for himself but also in the relationship with the client and the development of the firm. This
is where the trust that a customer frequently offers is created working and acting in accordance with an
architect's code of ethics. If we take a closer look, we can see that by beginning to uphold the architect's code
of ethics, clients begin to trust a firm progressively more as time passes. It also has a connection to the
development of an architectural firm in this relationship.
1.5 Tables

Put tables in the text, in the paragraph after they are first mentioned. Centre tables on the page, unless it is
necessary to use the full page width. Exceptionally large tables may be placed landscaped (90 o rotated) on
the page, with the top of the table at the left-hand margin.
Keep tables simple. All texts in the table are 9 pt with 1.5 line spacing. Column headings should be bold
and centered. Put units in the column heading, in parentheses. Legends should be italicised, left, 10 pt,
above the table. Leave 12 pt above and 6 pt below the legend.
Use fine horizontal rules. Only three are usually needed: one below the caption to start the table, one to end
it, and one below the column heads. Do not use vertical rules or boxes. Do not extend rules across the page
but only as wide as the widest text within the table. An example of a table is given below.

Table 1 Formatting Instructions (Source: Author)

Style Name Style Format
ARF1-Abstract  Applicable for abstract and keyword
 Based on ARF1-Normal | Font 8
 Indent: Hanging 1.9
ARF1-Affiliation  Based on ARF1-Normal | Italic | Flush Left | 24 pt after
ARF1-Author  Based on ARF1-Normal | Flush Left | 24 pt before | 0 pt after
ARF1-Bulleted List  Based on ARF1-Normal
 Indent: Left 0.63 Hanging 0.63 | Outline numbered | Tabs 1.27
ARF1-Equation  Based on ARF1-Normal | Italic
 Flush Right | 12 pt before and after
ARF1-Figure  Based on ARF1-Normal | Centred | 12 pt before | Widow/
orphan Control
ARF1-Figure Captions  Based on ARF1-Normal | Bold | Centred | 24 pt after | Widow/
orphan Control
ARF1-Heading  Applicable for Reference and Appendix heading
 Based on ARF1-Heading 1
 Indent: Left 0 First 0 | No Number | Tabs: not at 1.59
ARF1-Heading 1  Based on ARF1-Normal | Font 12 | Bold | All caps | Kern at 13
pt
 Indent: Hanging 1.59 | Flush Left | 24 pt before and 12 pt after
 Widow/ orphan Control | Keep with next | Keep lines together
| Level 1 | Outline
ARF1-Heading 1.1  Based on ARF1-Heading 1
 Not all Caps | 12 pt before | Level 2
ARF1-Heading 1.1.1  Based on ARF1-Heading 1.1 | Font 10 | Level 3
ARF1-Heading 1.1.1.1  Based on ARF1-Heading 1.1.1 | Level 4
INTA1-Normal  Applicable for body text
 Times New Roman | Regular | Font 10
 Justified | outline level = body text | 0 pt before | 6 pt after |
single line spacing
ARF1-Number List  Based on ARF1-Bulleted List | Outline numbered
ARF1-References  Based on ARF1-Normal
 Indent: Hanging 0.95 | Widow/ Orphan Control
ARF1-Subtitle  Based on ARF1-Title
 Font 12 | Not Bold | Italic | 0 pt before
ARF1-Table caption  Based on ARF1-Normal
 Bold | Flush Left | 12 pt before
ARF1-Table Header  Based on ARF1-Table text
 Bold | Centred
ARF1-Table Text  Based on ARF1-Normal
 Font 9 | 1.5 line spacing | 0 pt after
ARF1-Title  Based on ARF1-Normal | Font 14 | Bold | Kern at 14 pt
 Flush Left | 72 pt before and 0 pt after
 Widow/ orphan Control | Keep with next | Keep lines together
ARF1-Header  Based on ARF1-Normal | Bold | Centred
  Tabs: 7.62 centred 15.24 right flush
ARF1-Footer  Based on ARF1-Normal | Font 9 | Bold | Centred
 Tabs: 7.62 centred 15.24 right flush

1.6 Illustrations

Illustrations include line drawings, charts, photographs and digital imagery. All such illustrations will be
considered as figures. They should all be digitised. High quality should be maintained. Line drawings
should be converted to a raster format. Set images to an appropriate final size and orientation. Provide only
images at 72dpi for review purposes. Provide at least 300dpi resolution for the final manuscript for printing
purposes. Frame the figures where necessary. Images should be inserted in the body of the document for
review.
Each figure should be placed after the text that refers to it. Leave spacing of 12 pts above the figure and 6 pt
below. All figures should be mentioned in the text (Figure 1). Embed a Caption below the figure. The
editors will make final decisions regarding the location of the figure.

Figure 1 Sample Figure (Source:

Author)

Each figure must have a brief

descriptive caption. Use the ARF1-
Figure Caption style for the caption.
Number all diagrams, figures and
photos sequentially, Figure 1, Figure 2,
etc, with one character space between
the number and the caption. Use the Caption style provided in the electronic template. All figures should be
referenced within the body text.

1.7 References

The ‘References’ heading should not be numbered (see later section). References should follow the Chicago
Manual of Style (University of Chicago Press 1993). This style is one of the most widely used. It should be
1.11.1 Citation

References should be cited in the text by author name and the date of publication, enclosed in parentheses.
The citation is placed at the end of the sentence. If there are three or fewer authors, all authors are included
in the citation embedded in the text. More than three authors should be cited as the first author and then the
designation “et. al.” If a single sentence has more than one citation, all citations are enclosed in a single set
of parentheses. Multiple citations within a single set of parentheses are separated by a semicolon.
Here are examples of citations as they would appear embedded into the text:
 One author: (Yeang 1996)
 Two authors: (Hawkes and Forster 2002)
 Four or more authors: (Johnson et al. 1999)
 Two works by same author in same year: (Lam1998a, 1998b)
 Several works by same author in different years: (Olgyay 1952, 1963)
 Several works by different authors: (Johnson et al. 1999; Yeang 1993; Ong 2003; Olgyay et al.
2000)

1.11.2 Bibliographic Data

The bibliographic data should be provided in the References. Bibliographic data lists all authors in the order
as designated on the title page or under the title in a journal publication. First names should be initialised.
The References should be alphabetized by first author’s surname. If more than one work has the same first
author, the works should be alphabetised by second author and so on. If more than one work by the same
author list is cited, the works should be ordered by date of publication. If it is still impossible to distinguish
the author list, then a lower case letter may be appended to the year of publication.
Bibliographic data should include the author, the year of publication, the title and publication in which an
article appears, and the publisher.
2 CONCLUSION

The review of papers and production of proceedings should be greatly facilitated if every author follows
these format instructions closely. If you have any questions concerning these format instructions, please
contact the ACARE8 Organizing Committee by email to archcare@yahoo.com or contact Grace Edralin-
Servino with office number: (632)382-1845, telefax: (632)433-2280, or email gcedralin@gmail.com.
The “Full Paper Format and Template” is uploaded for download at the ACARE8 web site (http://
www.geocities.com/archcare/ACARE8).

REFERENCES

Caroll, N. (2015), Souteastern. Available at:

https://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/jbell/architectureethics.pdf (Accessed: 18
October 2022).
Saltz, E. (2018), Conspectus. Available at: https://www.conspectusinc.com/blog/2018/07/better-ethics-for-
architects (Accessed: 18 October 2022).