Activity 3.

2 Mapping Out
Various accounts give differing dates and places of the “Cry”. Using the chart below,
map-out the conflicting claims by providing the dates and places given by the claimants
including their bases, arguments or proofs for their claim.

Claimants Date Place Bases

Lt. Oligario Diaz August 25, 1896 Balintawak On August 25, 26, and 27, 1896, a
sketchy drawing or croquis depicting
las operaciones practicadas at El
Espaol depicts Lt. Ros' efforts against
the Katipunan. On the map, each
place is identified as sitio "Baclac"
(sic: Banlat). The Spanish historian
Sastron named Kalookan Balintawak,
Banlat, and Pasong Tamo in 1897.
The names Daang Malalim,
Kangkong, and Pugad Lawin
mentioned in various revolutionary
texts and interpretations were not
declared as barrios. Only Kalookan
and Balintawak are represented on
the map.
comprehensive maps of Spain and
the United States On a 1943 map of
Manila, Balintawak is represented
separately from Kalookan and
Diliman. Balintaw is in charge of the
locations where revolutionary
activities took place
Teodoro Kalaw Last week of Kangkong The event occurred in the final week
August 1896 Balintawak of August 1896 at Kangkong,
Balintawak, according to historian
Teodoro Kalaw's 1925 book The
Filipino Revolution.
Santiago Alvarez August 24,1896 Bahay Toro Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and
the son of Mariano Alvarez, the
leader of the Magdiwang faction in
Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry
took place on August 24, 1896 in
Bahay Toro, now in Quezon City.
Pio Valenzuela August 23, 1896 Pugad Lawin Andrés Bonifacio's close friend Pio
Valenzuela reported in 1948 that it
occurred on August 23, 1896 in
Pugad Lawin. Gregorio Zaide
reported in his works in 1954 that the
"Cry" happened in Balintawak on
August 26, 1896. Fellow historian
Teodoro Agoncillo reported in 1956,
based on Pio Valenzuela's account,
that it happened on August 23, 1896
in Pugad Lawin.
Guillermo Masangkay August 29 ,1896 Pasong Tamo In the middle of this intense
August 25 and situation, three Katipuneros who had
August 26 just come from Manila and Kalookan
yelled "Dong, Andres! The civil guards
are nearly there!
behind us and will reconnoiter the
mountains "Bonifacio immediately
requested his soldiers to prepare for
the impending invasion by the
Spaniards Because their weapons
were weaker, the rebels opted to
retreat. The insurgents marched
towards Pasong Tamo under cover of
night, and the next day, August 24,
they were defeated. Melchora
Aquino's yard, known as Tandang
Sora, was visited. It was determined
that the rebels in the neighboring
towns would be informed of the
overall attack on Manila on the night
of August 29, 1896. The civil guards
and several infantrymen arrived
about ten in the morning of August
25. A group of ladies rushed in to
inform Bonifacio of their arrival.
Later, the advancing Spaniards
opened fire in a sudden burst. The
rebels made their move and got
ready for the opposition. The rebels
and enemy both suffered casualties
in the ensuing combat, each losing
 one man. The rebels made the
decision to flee because of their
subpar arsenal, which included
largely bolo and a few rifles. The
Spaniards, on the other hand, made
the decision to retreat after realizing
they were vastly outnumbered. As a
result, a violent clash was avoided by
both parties retreating. In the fight
for national emancipation, this was
the first battle fought.
Gregoria de Jesus August 25 , Near Caloocan This version was composed by none
1896 other than Gregoria de Jesus, the
"Lakambini of the Katipunan" and
Andres Bonifacio's wife. She took
part in the incident and became the
custodian of the Katipunan's secret
records. She resided with her parents
in Caloocan after the Revolution in
August 1896, then fled to Manila
when she learned that Spanish
officials sought to arrest her. She
eventually joined her spouse in the
highlands and discussed their
experiences.
difficulties with him According to her,
the First "Cry" occurred on August 25,
1896, near Caloocan.
Gregorio Zaide 1954 Balintawak In his works published in 1954,
historian Gregorio Zaide claimed that
August on August 26, 1896, the "Cry" took
26,1896 place in Balintawak.

Teodoro Agoncillo 1956 Pugad Lawin The most commonly acknowledged

version of the Cry is Teodoro
Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses
(1956): They headed to Pugad Lawin
after leaving Samson's residence in
the highlands. On the afternoon of
August 22nd, over 1,000 Katipunan
members assembled in the yard of
Juan A.
Ramos, Melchora Aquino's son. There
was much discussion over whether
the rebellion against the Spanish
government should continue. Work
will start on the 29th. Only one
 individual complained... However, he
was overruled in his
position..."Brothers, it was agreed to
proceed," Bonifacio stated after
revealing the decision with a
conspiracy to topple the government
Do you pledge, my brothers, to resist
the government? The rebels
exclaimed, "Yes, sir!" as one guy
asked, "Who or what oppresses us?"
Bring out your cedulas and tear them
up to symbolize our desire to take up
weapons, Bonifacio said. ...... The
rebels chanted "Longlive the
Philippines!" throughout the event as
their eyes were smudged with tears.
Katipunan will continue to exist!
Agoncillo used his considerable
influence to push for a change in the
recognized location to Pugad Lawin
and a change in the date to August
23, 1896.
The National Heroes Commission, a
forerunner of the NHI, was founded
in 1963 without any official input
from or recommendations to
President Macapagal.

Milagros Guererro, 1896 Tandang Sora's According to Milagros Guerrero,

Emmanuel barn in Gulod, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon
Encarnacion, and Barangay Villegas, the event happened in
Ramon Villegas Banlat, Quezon Tandang Sora's barn in Barangay
City. Banlat in Gulod, Quezon City. The
fact that the words "Balintawak" and
"Kalookan" had two different
meanings at the turn of the century
contributes to the seeming
ambiguity. Balintawak was a
name used to describe a specific
area in modern-day Caloocan as well
as a bigger area that included parts
of modern-day Quezon City. On the
other hand, Kalookan referred to the
present-day Caloocan as well as a
broader region that included
encompassed the contemporary
Quezon City and a section of the
 modern Pasig. Kangkong, Pugad
Lawin, Pasong Tamo, and other
particular places were all included in
"reater
"Greater Balintawak" included
Balintawak, which was part of it "
NHI August 23 , Seminary Road Squatter colonies were residing in
1984 in barangay Pugad Lawin in barangay Bahay Toro
Bahay Toro in August 1983.
behind Toro • The NHI thought it was right to
Hills High search for Juan Ramos' residence
School, the rather than Tandang Sora's.
Quezon However, Juan Ramos' previous
City General home
Hospital and was distinctly delineated. • When
the the NHI did its study in 1983, there
San Jose was an ancient dap-dap tree on the
Seminary. property. A dap-dap tree is not
mentioned in any of Teodoro
Agoncillo, Gregorio Zaide, or Pio
Valenzuela's writings.
• By the time the committee finished
its investigation, Pio Valenzuela, the
principal proponent of the "Pugad
Lawin" version, had passed away.
Teodoro Agoncillo looked for the
marker that the UP Student Council
had placed in August 1962. However,
in 1983 was no longer present.
Despite the aforementioned results
and in the lack of any convincing
proof, the NHI
ignored the Philippine Historical
Committee's own report from 1964
It was established in 1940 that
Tandang Sora, not Juan Ramos,
owned the Pugad Lawin home, and
that the precise location of Pugad
Lawin was Gulod in Banlat.
Since none of the principals,
including Pio Valenzuela, Santiago
Alvarez, and others, nor historians
like Zaide—and even Agoncillo
himself before that instance—
mentioned such a tree, the existence
of the dap dap tree at the Pugad
Lawin site identified by Agoncillo and
the NHI is irrelevant. On the basis of
 the 1983 committee’s findings, the
NHI placed a marker on 23 August
1984 on Seminary Road in barangay
Bahay Toro behind Toro Hills High
School, the Quezon City.
Assessment of the claims

Numerous dates and locations have been suggested for the Cry of Pugad Lawin. According to Lt. Olegario
Diaz of the Spanish guardia civil, The Cry took place on August 25, 1896, at Balintawak. The Filipino
Revolution, written by historian Teodoro Kalaw in 1925, states that the incident took place at Kangkong,
Balintawak, during the last week of August 1896. The Cry happened on August 24, 1896 at Bahay Toro,
now Quezon City, according to Santiago Alvarez, a Katipunero and the son of Mariano Alvarez, the head
of the Magdiwang party close to Cavite, who wrote about it in 1927. A close friend of Andrés Bonifacio
named Po Valenzuela said in 1948 that it happened on August 23, 1896 in Pugad Lawin. The "Cry,"
according to historian Gregorio Zaide, took place in 1954. Po Valenzuela said that it took place on August
23, 1896 in Pugad Lawin, and fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo stated as much in 1956. The incident
took place at Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Quezon City's Barangay Banlat, according to historians
Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas.

Due to "Balintawak" and "Caloocan's" multiple meanings around the start of the 20th century, there
appears to be some uncertainty. Balintawak refers to both a particular spot in contemporary Caloocan
and a wider region that included portions of contemporary Quezon City. . Contrarily, the term
"Caloocan" was used to describe both the current city of Caloocan as well as a bigger region that
included encompassed the present cities of Quezon City and Pasig. Pugad Lawin, Pasong Tamo, and
Kangkong and other particular localities may be found in "greater Balintawak," which was a section of
"greater Caloocan."