Interact with a Historical Text 

Activity: Mapping Out  

Various accounts give different dates and places for the “Cry”. Using the chart below map-out
the conflicting claims by providing, the dates and places given by the claimants including their
biases,  arguments or proofs for their claims. 
Claimants Dates Place Basis

Lt. Olegario Diaz  He was the Spanish

 August 25, 1896 Balintawak commander of the Guardia
Civil Veterana de Manila.
 He was in charge of the
assessment into the
discovery of the
Katipunan, and his official
report findings on the
place and date of the
revolution's first rally
were included in his
report.
Teodoro Kalaw  Filipino Historian
 Teodoro Kalaw writes in
 Last week of August 1896 Kangkong, Balintawak his 1925 book The
Filipino Revolution that
Cry that the event
occurred during the last
week of August 1896 in
Kangkong, Balintawak.
Santiago Alavarez  Santiago Alvarez, a well-
known Katipunero and the
 August 24,1896 Bahay Toro son of Cavite Magdiwang
group leader Mariano
Alvarez.
 A relative of Gregoria De
Jesus, who happened to be
Andres Bonifacio's wife.
Pio Valenzuela  He is a Katipunan official
 August 23,1896 Pugad Lawin and a friend of Andres
Bonifacio, who was
present at the incident.
 His book was titled
Memoirs of the K.K.K.
and the Philippine
 Revolution.
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela's
statement was used to
determine the official date
and place of the first cry.

Guillermo Masangkay  Guillermo Masangkay,

 August 26,1896 Balintawak Andres Bonifacio's friend
and adviser
 He was a founding
member of the Katipunan.

Gregoria de Jesus  She was the founder and
  August 25,1896 Near Caloocan vice-president of the
Katipunan of the
Philippines' women's
chapter.
 She was also in charge of
the Katipunan's paperwork
and seal.
 According to
her,Bonifacio and his men
gathered in the hills of
Balintawak for the war of
Liberation
Gregorio Zaide  Filipino Historian
August 26,1896 Balintawak  He was a dedicated
scholar who wrote 67
books, several of which
became history textbooks
for high schools and
colleges across the
country.
 In 1954, Gregorio Zaide
reported in his works that
the "Cry" occurred in
Balintawak on August 26,
1896. Based on Po
Valenzuela's assertion,
fellow historian Teodoro
Agoncillo reported in
 1956 that it occurred in
Pugad Lawin on August
23, 1896.
Teodoro Agoncillo  Teodoro Agoncillo, in his
 August 23,1896 Pugad Lawin 1956 book The Revolt of
the Masses, characterized
"the Cry" as the tearing of
cedulas, breaking with
convention.
 In his 1956 book The
Revolt of the Masses,
Teodoro Agoncillo
described "the Cry" as the
tearing of cedulas,
breaking with norm.
Milagros Guerrero,  Filipino Historians
Emmanuel  August 24,1896 Tandang Sora's barn in  The Biak-na-Bato
Encarnacion  and Gulod, Barangay constitution and Emilio
Ramon Villegas Banlat, Quezon City. Aguinaldo's memoirs are
used by historians
Guerrero, Encarnacion,
and Villegas to date the
Cry of Balintawak to
August 24.

Assessment of the claims

  The Balintawak Cry occurred on August 26, 1896. The Cry is characterized as the moment when
Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial control over the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the
people pulled out their cedulas and tore them up as one. This proves that their claims are not aligned and
some are aligned. We don’t know the exact date and place because of the different claims they gave.

  

3 Rubric:  
Full accomplishment Student mapped –out and assessed the conflicting  versions of the venue of
30 the first cry of the Philippine  Revolution in a clear and consistent manner.
Substantial Student mapped –out and assessed the conflicting  versions of the venue of
accomplishment 20 the first cry of the Philippine  Revolution but do so in a somewhat
consistent  manner.

Little or partial Student has difficulty in mapping –out and assessing  the conflicting
accomplishment 10 versions of the venue of the first cry of  the Philippine Revolution
consistently.