nation, clerical hierarchy, professional

How Society is Organized association, and corporation.

What is a Social Group?

A social group is two or more people who identify
IN-GROUPS
with and engage with each other (Macionis TYPES OF OUT-GROUPS
GROUPS
2012). As an individual, you may be a member of is a social
ACCORDI is a social
group to which
a religious group, an ethnic group, a working a person NG TO group with
which an
colleague group, a college class, a sports team, psychologically MEMBERS
individual
identifies as HIP
and so on. These are also referred to as social being a does not
identify.
groups. member.
A social group is distinct from an aggregate,
which consists of people who are temporarily
grouped together in an area, perhaps even Reference Groups
performing the same things, but do not consider A reference group is a group or social category
themselves to be members of the same group. that an individual uses to help define beliefs,
For example, being in a busy shop or waiting in attitudes, and values and to guide behaviour. It is
line for a movie does not make you feel like you often a category we identify with, rather than a
belong with the people doing the same thing. A specific group we belong to. In addition, they
category and a group are not the same thing. You provide a comparison against which people
may share comparable qualities, such as age or measure themselves and others.
height, yet you may not interact or experience a Positive reference groups are composed of
feeling of belonging if you are in the same
people we want to emulate. Negative reference
category as someone.
groups, on the other hand, provide a model we
do not wish to follow.
TYPES OF GROUPS ACCORDING TO
INFLUENCE: Types of Reference Groups
Primary and Secondary Groups A normative reference group influences your
The difference between primary and secondary norms, attitudes, and values through direct
groups lies in the kinds of relationships their interaction.
members have with one another. A comparative reference group is a group of
individuals whom you compare yourself against
Primary groups involve interaction among and may strive to be like.
members who have an emotional investment or
Examples:
attachment in one another and a situation, who
NORMATIVE - teacher, siblings, friends
know one another intimately and interact as total
COMPARATIVE - celebrities, heroes
individuals rather than through specialized roles.
They are smaller in number and occur over a long
time. Examples of relationships under the primary
Social Network
A social network is a sociological concept that
group are between friends, husband and wife,
refers to the social relationships that exist
parent and child, and teacher and pupil. On the
between network parts and individuals. In an
other hand, sample groups under primary groups organization, network elements can include social
include playgroup, family, village/neighborhood, groups or teams, organizational units, or entire
and work team. organizations.
Secondary groups usually have specific goals, are
Social Network in practice:
formally organized, and are impersonal. They
All our functions at work and in private take place
tend to be larger than the primary group, and its
in some social networks. Every social network is
members do not necessarily interact with all
about relations that include social interaction and
other members.
social communication. We can easily describe,
Examples of relationships under the secondary
map, and analyze social networks through social
group are between clerk and customer,
network analysis and sociometry. The basic types
announcer and listener, performer and spectator,
of social networks in the organization are formal
and officer and subordinate. On the other hand,
organizational structure, and informal
sample groups under the second group include
organizational structure. The social network in
the organization forms an informal organizational
structure. Its influence on the events and
decision-making in the organization is greater in
less authoritative management styles and types
of the organizations. Often in practice, the
informal organizational structure is more
influential on what is happening in the
organization than the formal organizational
structure.
Social Organization - is an aggregation of persons
where there is an interdependence and a
common pattern to bring order and meaning to
life. Regular interaction among members of the
organization form an ordered social relationships
infused with culture ideas and regulated by
norms exist in the society among individuals and
social groups.
“An organization is an articulation of
different parts which perform various functions, it
is an active group device for getting something
done.”
Forms of Social Organization
* Political Organization - is any organization that
involves itself for the political procedure,
including ideological group, non-government
institutions and supports political parties. Ex.
Stare (Government)
* Economic Organization - refers to the
organization that carry out financial function such
as setting up and ensuring property rights,
encouraging exchanges and allowing monetary
co-activity and organization. Ex. Factory
* Religious Organization - is the complex of
standardized roles and procedures which direct
the relations of men with the supernatural order,
though such an order might be considered. Ex.
Church
* Financial Organization - is essentially an
establishment that conducts money related
exchanges, like investments, credits and deposits.
Ex. Commercial Banks
* Educational Organization - is where individuals
of various ages gain education in a large diverse
learning situations and learning spaces and earn
the fundamental academic knowledge, learning
skills, and social norms.
Ex. Schools
Interaction of the members of the society
carry on social functions through social structure
of an organization.
Social Structure - refers to the related system of
roles and the order of statures which characterize
the corresponding expectations and the power
positioning of the members from the social unit
guided by the norms
Social Statuses - refers to the order of members
in the hierarchy of power relations.
Ex. Statues in family: father, mother, sister and
brother
Role - refers to the totality of behavioral
expectations and activities related with their
statuses which they should perform.
Ex. Role/duties of a father: being good provider,
protector, disciplinarian
Social Function - is another element of social
organization which refers to the outcomes that
happen according to a specific structure and
incorporates the action of people involving
specific statuses. The common functions of the
family is to have children, to socialize, to give
security and comfort.
Functions of Social Organizations
Manifest functions are those that are
intended, can be noticed immediately, and
obvious to anyone even by stranger.
Latent functions are those that are
unintended, less apparent and not easy to notice.
An organization can function smoothly if
the members follow the organizations norms and
mores. If members do not follow the norms and
mores, they are given sanctions which may come
in a form of warning or physical punishment, e.g.
expelled or dismissal.
Bureaucracy - is the most common
example of social organization. It is a formal,
logically organized social structure characterized
by patterns of actions of the members in which
every activity is in accordance to the purpose of
the organization. Rules serve as bases of
bureaucracy rather than ties kinship or
friendship.