CO NO.

4 : Understand the issues Week 11:

confronting the nation-state

LO No. 4.3 : Define global food security.

LO No. 4.4 : Critique models of global food security.

LO No. 4.5 : Articulate personal definition of

global citizenship. MODULE CODE :
MOD-NGEC 3–F–011

LO No. 4.6 : Appreciate the ethical obligations MODULE TITLE :

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY &
of global citizenship. GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
The reality behind global food security
is that by 2050, the world must feed
9 billion people. The demand for food
will be 60% greater than it is today.
The United Nations has set ending hunger,
achieving food security and improved nutrition,
and promoting sustainable agriculture as the
second of its 17 Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) for the year 2030. Food security is both
global and local which can set a mark to
increasing demands of the population.
 FOOD SECURITY refers to
conditions in which “all people,
at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient,
safe, and nutritious food to
meet their dietary needs and
food preferences for an active
and healthy life.”
• After remaining virtually unchanged from 2014 to
2019, the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU)
climbed to around 9.9% in 2020, from 8.4% a year
earlier.
• It is estimated that between 720 and 811 million
people in the world faced hunger in 2020.
• Around 660 million people may still face hunger in
2030, in part due to lasting effects of the COVID-19
pandemic on global food security.
• Among the undernourished people in 2020 (768
million): 282 million live in Africa, 418 million live in
Asia, and 60 million live in Latin America and the
Caribbean.
• Nearly one in three people in the world (2.37
billion) did not have access to adequate food in
2020 – increase of almost 320 million people in just
one year.
• The gender gap in the prevalence of moderate or
severe food insecurity has grown even larger in the
year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the prevalence
of moderate or severe food insecurity being 10%
higher among women than men in 2020, compared
with 65 in 2019.
• Globally, 149.2 million (22%) of children under the
age of five years suffered from stunting (SDG
Indicator 2.1.1) in 2020.
 Person Without food, man can live at most but few
Open mouth
weeks; without it, all other components of
social justice are meaningless.
Norman Borlaug

Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American

agronomist who led initiatives worldwide
that contributed to the extensive
increases in agricultural production
termed the Green Revolution.
(122) Do you know all 17 SDGs? - YouTube
 WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME
PHILIPPINES COUNTRY Brief -
SEPTEMBER 2021
This report summarizes the food
security and agriculture situation in the
Philippines as well as the World Food
Programme's (WFP) operation in the
country in 2021

A middle-income country, the Philippines is the second fastest

growing economy in Asia but has struggled to transpose these
improvements into tangible human development gains. Poverty is at
19.8 percent in 2020 and the country ranks 4th among countries most
affected by climate risks in a 20-year period.
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX (2021)
Indices: Affordability, Availability, Quality & Safety, Natural Resources & Resilience

Out of 113 Countries

1 – Ireland
2 – Austria
3 – UK
4 – Finland
5 – Switzerland
7 - Canada
8 –Japan
9 – US & France

15 – Singapore
39 – Malaysia
51- Thailand
61 – Vietnam
64 – Philippines
34 – China
71 - India
https://www.bworldonline.com/infographics/2022/09/22/476114/philippines-
improves-in-food-security-rankings/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCYeLuURxRM
 Generally, challenges to global food security are
evident in the following: agriculture, ecosystem
services from agriculture, climate change,
international trade, water management solutions,
water-energy-food security nexus, service delivery
to smallholders and
women farmers, and
better governance models
and regional priority setting.
Food problem at the present stage of development of mankind is
that due to improper and overly intensive use of natural
resources, increasing demand for livestock products,
increasing per capita food consumption and other factors

The population of Earth as of January 1, 2016 has exceeded 7

billion inhabitants, by 2025, by real estimates of experts and
analysts, and also forecasts of the United Nations will exceed
value of 8 billion, and by 2050 on the planet more than 9 billion
people will already live.

Pollution through toxic chemicals has a long-term impact to the

environment. Over use of organic pollutants led to significant
industrial pollution.
Environmental issues have direct connection with
food security since destruction of the ecosystem and
natural habitat of animals cause environmental imbalance.
Deforestation of forested areas, industrial and over fishing
of marine animals can cause decline in food production.

Land degradation from overgrazing rangelands has

long been noted across many different socioeconomic and
environmental conditions, leading to soil erosion and soil
nutrient loss, reduced feed stocks, and habitat changes,
among other impacts.

Gradual climate change will alter what can be grown

and where, but the variability that makes up the average
temperature and rainfall will lead to climatic shocks (heat
waves, cold snaps, droughts and floods), significantly
reducing yields.
 The reasons are complex and varied, and often
interconnected with one another. But obviously,
poverty is the main cause of hunger in the world.

Others include job instability, food shortages

and waste, poor infrastructure, unstable

markets, climate change, war and conflict

and nutritional quality.

Global Hunger
FOUR MAJOR ISSUES AFFECTING FOOD SECURITY WORLDWIDE
Global food security is threatened by the following factors, but we can do
something about them. These include drought, emerging diseases, salty soils and
fertilizer dependence.

▪ Drought ▪ Salty soils

▪ Emerging diseases ▪ Fertilizer dependence
Acts of man such as conflicts, violence and
wars greatly contribute to global food insecurity.
These acts of aggression can cause stoppage in
food production, even in agriculture. Crops are
destroyed in battlefields, factories and other
production areas may close due to security
reasons. Halting the production process means
stopping the supply of goods in different places.
 4 Dimensions
✓ Availability
❑
Security Models ✓ Access
❑
The FAO food security definition (World Food
✓ Utilization
❑
Summit, 1996) spans the four dimensions of
✓ Stability
❑
food security: food availability, accessibility,
utilization and stability, recognizing that it is
not just the quantity of food available, but also
the ability to access it physically and
financially that matters.
Security Models
Security Models
Security Models
Reflection Paper – You need to visualize a
scenario on the availability of lands devoted to
agriculture. Thereafter, answer the following
questions:
• What if there will be no more land to farm for
food production?
• What will you propose to sustain the supply
of food?

Type in Word but submit in PDF format

To be submitted @fter class