B.

Rectangles

Definition: A rectangle is a quadrilateral (parallelogram) with 4 interior right angles.

⭐ Example 22

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle and 𝐵𝐶𝐸𝐷 is a parallelogram. 𝐴𝐷𝐸, 𝐴𝐹𝐶 and 𝐵𝐹𝐷 are straight lines.

(a) Find the length of 𝐴𝐶.

A D E
(b) Find ∠𝐶𝐸𝐷.

130 F
4 cm

B C

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⭐ Example 23

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle and 𝐴𝐹𝐷𝐸 is a rhombus. 𝐴𝐹𝐶 and 𝐵𝐹𝐷 are straight lines. Find the length of 𝐵𝐶.

E
15 cm

A D

F
18 cm

B C

⭐ Example 24

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐸𝐹 is a rectangle and 𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 is a parallelogram. 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸 intersect at 𝐺. It is given that ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 =

42° and 𝐴𝐷 ⊥ 𝐷𝐸. Find

(a) ∠𝐴𝐺𝐵,

(b) ∠𝐶𝐵𝐸.

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⭐ Example 25

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle. 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 are points on 𝐴𝐷, 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐶𝐷 respectively such that 𝐴𝑃 =

𝐵𝑄 = 𝐶𝑅 = 𝐷𝑆. Prove that

(a) 𝑃𝐷 = 𝐵𝑅,

(b) 𝐴𝑄 = 𝑆𝐶.

⭐⭐ Example 26

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rectangle. 𝐸 is a point on 𝐴𝐷 such that ∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 90°. Prove that

(a) ∆𝐴𝐵𝐸 ~ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐶,

(b) 𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐴𝐸 × 𝐸𝐷.

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⭐⭐⭐ Example 27

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a parallelogram and 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is a rectangle. 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑆 are points on 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐷𝐴

respectively such that 𝐵𝑃 = 𝐵𝑄 = 𝐷𝑅 = 𝐷𝑆. Prove that

(a) ∆𝐴𝑃𝑆 ≅ ∆𝐶𝑅𝑄,

(b) 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rhombus.

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C. Squares

Definition: A square is a quadrilateral with 4 equal sides and 4 interior right angles.

⭐ Example 28

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square. It is given that 𝐴𝐸 = 𝐶𝐸 and ∠𝐴𝐸𝐶 = 132°. Find ∠𝐷𝐴𝐸.

A D

E
132

B C

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⭐ Example 29

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐸 is a square. The diagonals 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐸 intersect at 𝑂. 𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a straight line.

𝑂𝐵 = 7 cm and 𝐷𝐸 = 11 cm.

(a) Find the length of 𝐴𝐵, in surd form.

(b) Find the perimeter of 𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐸, correct to 3 significant figures.

⭐ Example 30

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐹 is a rhombus and 𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹 is a square. 𝐵𝐷 intersects 𝐶𝐹 at 𝐺. It is given that

∠𝐵𝐴𝐹 = 50°.
A
(a) Find ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷.
50 F E
(b) Find ∠𝐴𝐵𝐺.

B
G

C D

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⭐ Example 31

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square. 𝑃 is a point on 𝐴𝐷. 𝐴𝐵 is produced to Q such that ∠𝐵𝐶𝑄 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝑃. Prove that

(a) ∆𝐶𝐵𝑄 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐷𝑃,

(b) ∠𝐶𝑄𝑃 = ∠𝐶𝑃𝑄.

⭐⭐ Example 32

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square and ∆𝐹𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle. It is given that ∠𝐴𝐸𝐷 = 150° and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐸 = 15°.

(a) Find ∠𝐴𝐹𝐷.

(b) Hence, prove that 𝐴𝐹𝐷𝐸 is a rhombus.

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⭐⭐⭐ Example 33

In the figure, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square. 𝑃 and 𝑄 are the mid-points of 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐴𝐵 respectively. 𝑃𝐶 and 𝑄𝐷 intersect at 𝑅

such that ∠𝑃𝑅𝐷 = 90°.

(a) Prove that ∆𝑃𝑅𝐷 ~ ∆𝑃𝐷𝐶.

(b) (i) Let 𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 cm. Find the lengths of 𝑃𝑅 and 𝑅𝐷 in terms of 𝑥. (Leave your answers in surd form.)

(ii) Genius Ho claims that area of ∆𝑃𝑅𝐷 : area of ∆𝐷𝑅𝐶 = 1 ∶ 5. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

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