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True–False. Mark as true any statement that is always true. Mark as false any statement that is
never true or that is not necessarily true. Be able to justify your answers.
m + n
3. The mean proportional of m and n is .
2
4. If three angles of one triangle are congruent to three angles of a second triangle, then the
triangles are similar.
5. If two triangles are similar, then they are congruent.
6. If two triangles are congruent, then they are similar.
7. If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of a second triangle, then the
triangles are similar.
8. If PQ is the altitude to the hypotenuse, AM, in right triangle PAM, then PQ is the mean
proportional of AQ and MQ.
9. Every triangle has exactly one midsegment.
XR
10. In PXR, if R is a right angle, then tan X
RP
11. A right triangle with sides 5, 12 and 13 has angles of approximately 22.6, 67.4 and 90.
12. (tan A)(sin A) cosA
13. You can use the Law of Sines on a right triangle.
14. You can only use the Law of Cosines on a triangle where a2 b2 c2.
Multiple Choice. Mark the letter of the single BEST response. Be sure to read all the choices for
each problem before deciding.
17. In ABC, AB 3, BC 4 and AC 6. In PQR, PR 6 cm, RQ 8 cm, and PQ 12 cm.
Then
(a) ABC PQR.
(b) ABC QPR.
(c) ABC PRQ.
(d) ABC QRP.
(e) Because one triangle is measured in inches and the other triangle is measured in
centimeters, the corresponding sides are not proportional.
18. If RED TWO, then
(a) RE:TW ED:TO.
(b) D O.
(c) RE:ED OT:OW.
(d) RD TO.
(e) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
19. If point A is on DI and point S is on IY in DIY so that AS ‘ DY, then
(a) IA:IS DI:YI.
(b) IA:ID AS:DY.
(c) IA:ID IS:IY.
(d) (a), (b) and (c) are correct.
(e) (a), (b) or (c) is correct
20. If B is the midpoint of AN and E is the midpoint of NR, then
1
(a) BE (AR).
2
(b) BE:AR NE:ER.
(c) BN:BE EN:EB.
1
(d) AN (NB).
2
(e) Both (a) and (d) are correct.
21. If the legs of a right triangle are 7 and 9, then the acute angles of the triangle are
approximately
(a) 38 and 52.
(b) 51 and 30.
(c) 32 and 58.
(d) 9 and 81.
(e) None of these is correct.
22. If right triangle SAD, SA 10 and AD 20. Then D is
(a) 45.
(b) 60.
(c) 30.
(d) 41.
(e) None of these is correct.
23. In right triangle CAT, C is the right angle. Then
(a) (TA)(sin A) CT.
(b) (TA)(cos T) CT.
(c) (TA)(sin T) CA.
(d) (a), (b) and (c) are correct.
(e) (a), (b) or (c) is correct.
24. To find the height of a triangle with side lengths 3 inches, 4 inches and 6 inches, you can use:
(a) The Pythagorean Theorem.
(b) The Law of Sines.
(c) The Law of Cosines.
(d) The sine function.
(e) Answers (c) and (d) are both needed.
25. To use the Law of Sines to solve a triangle, we must know:
(a) The measure of all three sides.
(b) The measure of two sides and an angle opposite one of them.
(c) The measure of at least one side and any two angles.
(d) The measure of two sides and their included angle.
(e) Answers (a) or (d).
(f) Answers (b) or (c).
26. To use the Law of Cosines to solve a triangle, we must know:
(a) The measure of all three sides.
(b) The measure of two sides and an angle opposite one of them.
(c) The measure of at least one side and any two angles.
(d) The measure of two sides and their included angle.
(e) Answers (a) or (d).
(f) Answers (b) or (c).
27. For a triangle with side lengths 1.5 feet, 2 feet and 3 feet, the area of the triangle is:
(a) Approximately 1.3 feet2.
(b) Approximately 4.5 feet2.
(c) Approximately 1.5 feet2.
(d) Approximately 4 feet2.
(e) None of these are correct.
28. For ABC with side lengths 2.5 feet, 2 feet and 3 feet:
(a) A 41.4, B 55.8, C 82.6
(b) A 82.6, B 41.4, C 55.8
(c) A 55.8, B 41.4, C 82.6
(d) A 56, B 44, C 90
Fill in the Blanks. Complete each statement with a word or phrase that makes it true.
a c
29. If , then a, b, c and d are , a and d are and b and c are .
b d
30. The Cross Multiplication Theorem states:
a b
31. If , then b is .
b c
32. The expression “3:2” is called a(n) and the sentence “3:2 x:y” is called a(n)
.
33. If two triangles have 3 pairs of proportional sides, then they are .
34. If two triangles are similar, then their corresponding angles are .
35. If the cosine of an acute angle equals the sine of a second acute angle, then the two angles are
.
Writing. Write your answers concisely and completely. Feel free to use figures and/or tables to
illustrate the points you are making.
36. Discuss the AA Similarity Theorem, the SAS Similarity Theorem and the SSS Similarity
Theorem. Give examples in which each of these theorems apply.
37. A and B are the acute angles of a right triangle ABC. List as many relationships between
the sides, the angles and the sines, cosines and tangents of the angles as possible.
38. Give an example of a non-right triangle in which the Law of Sines would be appropriate to
solve the triangle and an example of second non-right triangle in which the Law of Cosines
would be appropriate to solve the triangle. Explain.
Exercises/Problems.
3 cm 3.45 cm
X Y
70°
A 1.5 cm S
R 3 cm
A C
A C
44. Determine if a pair of triangles is similar in each case. If they are, write an appropriate
similarity sentence and explain why the triangles are similar.
(a)
F O
S D
(b)
P
I
21 18
31.5 cm 27 cm
T 30 cm R O 20 D
45. In ONE, On 6. In SIX, IS 13. If ONE SIX, what is the ratio of the area of ONE
to the area of SIX?
46. Given the figure below with OS ‘ UR, find the following.
(a) SR
(b) OS
(c) The ratio of the perimeter of OFS to the perimeter of UFR.
F
3 4
O S
5
U 7 R
47. Given the figure with EI ‘ SF, midpoints E and I, EV 7 cm, VI 8.5 cm, EI 10 cm,
VEI 57 and EVI 81. Find the following.
(a) VS
(b) FS
(c) S
(d) F
S
F I V
11.3 cm
35°
D 5 cm U
49. Solve ABC, round to the nearest tenth.
B
4 feet
A C
5 feet
50. Solve STC, round to the nearest tenth.
T
7 feet
4 feet
S C
51. Solve CAT, round to the nearest tenth.
T
7 feet
37°
C A
52. In ABC, if A 50, C 89 and a 10, find B, b and c. Round to the nearest tenth.
C
b a
A B
c
53. In ABC, if A 50, a 10 and c 12, find B, C and b. Round to the nearest tenth.
C
b a
A B
c
54. In ABC, if a 10, b 11 and c 12, find A, B and C . Round to the nearest tenth.
C
b a
A B
c
55. In ABC, if a 10, b 11 and C 85, find A, B and c. Round to the nearest tenth.
C
b a
A B
c
Proofs. Prove the following statements using either a paragraph proof or a two-column proof. Be
sure to justify your conclusions.
a c b d
56. Prove that if then .
b d a + b c + d
57. When two similar rectangles are rotated about a line where each has one of its sides on the
line, two circular cylinders are formed. Prove that the ratio of the volumes of these two
cylinders is the cube of the ratio of any two corresponding sides.
E
D
M
4 cm L
Figure 1
A 2 cm B 3 cm C
58. In Figure 1, edges L and M are parallel; prove that ACE ABD and then find x, the length
of side L and the length of side M.
59. Prove that, if BD is the altitude to the hypotenuse in right triangle ABC, then BC is the mean
proportional of CD and CA.
60. In the figure, PQ QR, QA PR, and AB QR. Prove that the sine of AQP equals the
cosine of BAR.
P
A
Q B R
61. Given ABC as shown; use right triangle trigonometry, the Law of Cosines and the
relationship between sine and cosine to prove that:
a 2 + c 2 - b2 2
ac 1 - a b
1
Area¢ABC =
2 C 2ac
b a
h
A c B
Applications.
62. A map uses a scale of 1 centimeter for each 5 kilometers. If the distance on the map from city
A to city B is 17.5 cm, what is the actual distance between the cities in km? In miles?
(Remember that there are 2.54 cm in one inch and 5280 feet in one mile.)
63. If a baseball pitcher has pitched 3123 innings and has allowed 15 runs, find his ERA.
[Remember the ERA (Earned Run Average) equals the number of earned runs allowed in
9 innings.]
64. A building casts a shadow of 12 feet. At the same time a 3 foot yard stick held vertically casts
a shadow of 4.5 inches. How tall is the building?
65. Find the distance AB across the river. (Assume ED DA and AB DA.)
E
6
A 10 D
5
River
66. The principle of a box camera in taking a picture is shown. The rays of light from the object AB
pass through the opening L and form an inverted image AB on the film. How far from a
30 tree must L be placed to produce a 4 image on the film if the film is 8 behind L?
A
L B
A
67. A carpenter’s square can be used to find the distance across a pond, as follows. Place the square
on the top of a pole which is tall enough to allow you to sight along one side of the square to the
opposite side of the pond. Fix the square and sight along the other side of the square to a point Q
on the ground. If QA 1 and AB 5, find AP, the distance across the pond.
B Square
Pole
Pond P
Q A
68. A vertical beam of a searchlight, S, illuminates a cloud at P. An observer, Q, 100 feet from S
measures the angle of elevation to P as 82. How high is the cloud?
P
82°
S 100 Q
69. A surveyor with a transit stands 200 feet from a vertical cliff. The angle of elevation to the top of
the cliff is 30 42 and the angle of depression to the bottom of the cliff is 2. How high is the cliff?
70. A trough is in the shape of a trapezoidal prism with the ends in the shape of isosceles
trapezoids. The width across the top is 8, the width across the bottom is 5 and the length is 20.
What is the outside surface area of the trough if one of the base angles of the trapezoid is 107?
8
107°
20
5
71. What is the area of a triangle whose edges are 10 feet, 12 feet and 15 feet?
12 10
15
72. What is the volume of the right regular pentagonal prism with height 10 feet and base edges
each 1 foot?
73. A wire is strung between two posts as shown. What is the length of wire needed (from A to B
to C to D)
C
12 feet
A D
5 feet 15 feet 7.5 feet
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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