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Earth and Life Sciences
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
-OCCURS OUTSIDE THE FEMALE REPRODUCTION TRACT.
-SPERM SPREAD OVER EGG CELL.
-REQUIRES WATER
-MOST AQUATIC ANIMALS
INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
-OCCURS WITHIN THE FEMALE REPRODUCTION TRACT.
-THIS TAKE PLACE INSIDE THE FEMALE BODY.
VIVIPARITY-“LIVE BIRTH”
- BORN FROM MOTHERWOMBS.
- RECEIVED NOURISHMENT DIRECTLY FROM THE MOTHER’S BLOOD THROUGH PLACENTA
RATHER FROM THE YOLK.
EXAMPLE:ALMOST ALL MAMMALS INCLUDING HUMAN.
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
-DOES NOT NEED TWO PARENTS TO PRODUCE AN INDIVIDUAL.
- THE OFFSPRING PRODUCED IS THE EXACT COPY OF THE PARENT.
MOST COMMON FORMS OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ARE FISSION, FRAGMENTATIO AND
BUDDING.
FISSION(SPLIT OR DIVIDE)
- WHERE IN TWO INDIVIDUAL WILL FORM AS THE PARENTS DIVIDES IN HALF.
EXAMPLE: BACTERIA, AMOEBA, SEA ANEMONE
FRAGMENTATION
“BREAKING OF BODY PARTS INTO FRAGMENTS”
- FOLLOWED BY REGENERATION AND REGROWTH OF LOST PARTS
EXAMPLE: STAR FISH
BUDDING
-ARE OUTGROWTH CALLED A BUD GROWS AND DEVELOPS FROM THE PARENT.
WOULD EVENTUALLY REPERATE TO BECOME A NEW INDIVIDUAL COMMON
IN: CORAL AND HYDRA
Alexander Oparin and John Haldane
Proposed Primordial Soup Theory. Some form of energy from lightning
combined with the chemicals in
the atmosphere to make the building blocks of protein known as the
amino acids.
Microfossils
-The first evidence of life is found in microfossils.
-Fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals. They are
very small and can be measured in
millimeters, and some could only be identified under a microscope.
Prokaryotes
-Organisms whose cells lack anucleus and other organelles.
-A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-
bound organelles.
Photosynthetic Organisms
-Including plants, algae, and some bacteria, play a key ecological role.
-They introduce chemical energy and fixed carbon into ecosystems by
using light to synthesize sugars.
Cyanobacteria
-The first photosynthetic organismsto form.
-Their microfossils are among the easiest to recognize.
Multicellular Organisms
-Believed to have evolved from unicellular eukaryotes.
-Some single eukaryotic cells, like unicellular algae, formed multicellular
aggregates through association with another cell producing colonies.
Soft Bodied
Charles Darwin
-Organisms change over time as a result of adaptation to their
environment in order to survive.