005 Connections 2

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 2
Connections - 2 1
Connections - 2
Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Connections - 2 2
SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Seated Beam Connections: Unstiffened
➢ Transfers only vertical reaction,
no transfer of moment.
➢ Must always be used with a top
clip angle to provide lateral
support.
➢ The seat and the top clip angle
should be flexible enough
Intended to transfer only the

vertical reaction and should not
give significant restraining moment
on the end of the beam; thus the
seat and the top angle should be
relatively flexible.

Connections - 2 3

Seated Beam Connections: Experimental Behavior
The action which takes place when an unstiffened seat angle
supports a beam may be inferred from a study of the
photographs.
❑ Angle acts approximately as a cantilever beam

❑ The thicker seat in top Fig. tends to concentrate the reaction
at the toe of the outstanding leg,
Thick seat ❑ The thinner seat in right Fig. tends to distribute the reaction.
❑ The web thickness of the beam and the stiffness of its flange
both influence the distribution of the reaction.
❑ It is virtually impossible to take all these variables into
account in an analysis.
Thin seat

Connections - 2 4

Critical section for flexure in seat
a) Seat bolted to column, beam not attached to seat: Net section through the upper bolt line
b) Seat bolted to column, beam attached to seat : Beam prevents pull away of seat. Net
section is at the base of fillet on the
outstanding leg of seat.
c) Seat welded to column: Weld prevents pull away of seat. Net section is at the base of
fillet on the outstanding leg of seat.

Connections - 2 5

Bearing stress on seat Determination of bearing area
➢ Conservative approach is to
assume bearing area as the full
contact width: results in heavier
seats.
➢ Blogett’s method: required

bearing length N is computed on
the basis of bearing capability of
beam web.
➢ Triangular distribution of
bearing stress: another rational
approach.
➢ For very stiff seats, bearing

stress may be higher near the
outer edge of the seat.

Connections - 2 6

Other Issues
Local web yielding of the beam Bearing length N shall be
determined on the basis of local
web yielding and local web
crippling criteria.
This topic is covered in CE319
Local web crippling of the beam
Crippled
web

Connections - 2 7

Design Steps
1. Determine seat width N based on (a) web yielding and (b) web crippling limit state.
P tw = thickness of beam web,
(a) N = − 2.5k  k
 F yt w k = distance of the web toe of fillet from outer face of flange
(b) Web crippling
And  Rn > P
 = 1.0 for local web yielding,
= 0.75 for web crippling
Connections - 2 8

Design Steps
2. Determine the moment arms e and ef

ef = erection clearance + N/2
e = ef – t – 3/8 (inch)
3. Determine thickness of the seat angle:

M u = Pu e  M n , M n = Fy Z x = Fy ( 14 bt 2 )
Pu e = M n = Fy ( 14 bt 2 )
4 Pu e
t=
Fy b
4. Calculate weld size or bolt requirement based on corresponding limit states

5. Finalize detailing and dimensions.

Connections - 2 9

Seated Beam Connections: Stiffened
stiffener
(c)
❑ Stiffener is provided beneath the seat to increase the shear capacity of the connection.
❑ Transfers vertical reaction only. No transfer of moment.
Two case: 1) Beam web and stiffener are in the same plane (a or b above)
2) Beam web is normal to the stiffener plane (c).

Connections - 2 10

Design Steps:
1. Determine the seat width
2. Determine the eccentricity of load, e
3. Determine the stiffener thickness, ts
4. Finalize seat angle size,
weld or bolt arrangement.
For stiffened seat, the most highly stressed bearing area is edge of the seat as shown
in figs a and b above. Thus N shall be measured from edge.
Eccentricity e shall be measured from the centroid of the bearing area to the face of
the column.

Connections - 2 11

Several criteria for determining stiffener thickness, ts
1. ts  tw i.e. stiffener thickness should be at least equal to the thickness of the beam web
W
2. To prevent local buckling (AISC B.4, J10.8): t s 
95 / Fy
Pu
3. From maximum allowable bearing on contact area (AISC J.7): t s 
(1.8)F y (W − 0.5" )2
4. Combined action of direct bearing and bending: For eccentric loading on stiffener, bearing
strength according to AISC-J7 must be satisfied. In this situation, a single welded plate
stiffener is generally used. The highest bearing stress at the outer edge of the stiffener may
not exceed d(1.8fy) under factored load. Using combined stress

Connections - 2 12

5. Plate thickness must be adequate to develop the fillet welds used to attach it, according to
AISC-J2.4. The concept of maximum effective weld size are discussed in Chapter 5, giving
following equations relating weld size to base material thickness (see CE319 class note on
welding).
Weld strength
Base metal
Noting that effective throat te = 0.707a where a = weld size,
Assuming two lines of fillet weld of size a using E70 electrodes, the stiffener thickness ts,
required such that the stiffener plate will not be overloaded in shear is,
ts  2.06a for Fy=36 ksi and ts  1.48a for Fy=50 ksi

Connections - 2 13

(Para. 5 contd.....)
For the bolted connection, AISC Manual uses only direct shear in
determining fastener group capacities.
For welded connection, once the stiffener dimensions have been

established, the connection must be designed to transmit the
reaction at the moment arm es. For the welded connection, the weld
configuration is subject to direct shear and flexure stress at the top
of the weld which is the critical design stress. Thus, the
configuration is identical to that used for web framing angles
except the return is longer for which the shear capacity, R, can be
derived as,

Connections - 2 14
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
CONTINUOUS BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTIONS
Welded connection: Beam transfers moment to strong axis of column

Connections - 2 15
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Bolted or bolted/welded connection: Beam transfers moment to strong axis of column

Connections - 2 16
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Welded connection: Beam transfers moment to weak axis of column

Connections - 2 17
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Beam transfers moment to strong axis of column: Stiffener / Continuity Plate
h
Stiffener/Cont. plate
db Mu
P
Local web crippling
P  Mu/db  Af Fy
Local web yielding Column web buckling (AISC J10.5)
Pbf = F yc (t fb + 5k )t wc
If P is more than the capacity Pbf from yielding, crippling and buckling criteria then stiffener
is required.

Connections - 2 18
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Compression Stiffener / Continuity Plate Requirement (AISC)
The following are the AISC requirements for stiffener design:
1. When the web buckling (AISC-J10.3) or compression buckling of the web (AISC-J10.5)
limit states indicate the need for stiffeners, they are to be designed as axially loaded
compression members (AISC-J10.8). Alternatively, doubler plates may be used in
accordance with AISC-J10.3 or AISC-J10.5.
2. When compression buckling of the web (AISC-J10.8) controls, the stiffeners (if used)
must extend the entire depth of the column.
3. When local web yielding (AISC-J10.2) controls and the concentrated load Pbf is applied at
only one column flange, the stiffeners need not extend more than one-half the depth of
the column web.
4. When local web yielding (AISC-J10.2) controls, the area Ast, of stiffeners (in pairs)
required is the excess of the factored force Pbf over the design resistance Ru, divided by
the stiffener design yield shess  Fyst , thus,

Connections - 2 19
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Compression Stiffener / Continuity Plate Requirement (AISC)
5. Proportioning of stiffeners, the following proportioning requirement appears in AISC-J10.8.
The stiffener width bst, plus 1/2 the column web thickness twc may not be less than 1/3 of the
beam flange width bfb or moment plate connection width delivering the force Pbf.
6. The local buckling limits of AISC-B4, restated in AISC-J10.8(2), for unstiffened compression
elements must be satisfied. Since these limit states relate to bf/2tf for the beam transmitting
the force to the column, the limit will be satisfied when the stiffener thickness ts is not less
than one-half the beam flange thickness tfb.
7. The weld joining stiffeners to the column web should be sized to carry the force in the
stiffener caused by unbalanced moments on opposite sides of the column.

Connections - 2 20
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
Tension Stiffener / Continuity Plate Requirement (AISC)

Connections - 2 21
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
At the beam tension flange attachment to a column, the pull on the column flange, as shown
in Fig., may cause sufficient deformation as to impair the strength of the column. A yield line
analysis was performed by Graham et al. on the portion of the column flange of width q and
length p, as in Fig.. Placing a line load on the system, the nominal strength Pn was
approximated as,
where the first term represents the bending resistance of the column flange as two plate
elements (one on each side of the web) and the second term is the portion of the load that goes
directly into the column web. Using conservatism comparable to the local web yielding in
compression criterion, the right side of Eq. was multiplied by 0.8, then solving for tfc gives

Connections - 2 22
MOMENT CONNECTIONS
From tests the minimum value of tfbmFyw/Pn, was determined to be 0.15. Thus, using 0.15 for
the second term in the bracket of Eq. gives the conservative expression used by AISC for the
minimum column flange thickness tfc to avoid the need of a column stiffener to assist in carrying
the tension force from a beam flange,
(13.6.13)
Eq. 16.6.13 may be expressed for LRFD design by setting Pn = Pbf and incorporating .
(13.6.15)
Since, generally, the compression-related stiffener requirements are more likely to control, the
reader should particularly note those requirements. The same proportioning requirements for
compression stiffeners should be used for tension stiffeners. Usually the same size stiffeners
would be used for both compression and tension (if any tension stiffener is needed).

Connections - 2 23
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: T-STUB CONNECTION & PRYING ACTION
For bolted moment connections,

the split-beam tee as shown in Fig.
is not often any longer used.
However, the design of a
M d connection involving the transfer
of a tensile force through a thick-
plate bolted connection, such as
the tee connected to the flange,
will illustrate treatment of prying
action.
2P =Tension in top T-Stub

=Tension in top flange of beam
≈ M/d
Q = Prying Action

Connections - 2 24
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: T-STUB CONNECTION

Plastic analysis
M = Mp
P +Q =T, Pb − Qa = M p
Q b − M p /T
Solving, =
P a + M p /T
But M p = F y wt 2 / 4,
and Tu = Fu Ab ,
thus M p /T becomes
Mp F y wt 2 1 wt 2
= = 2 AISC (old provisions)
T 4 Fu Ab d Q 100bd 2 − 18wt 2
where, d = bolt diameter. A325 bolts : =
P 70ad 2 + 21wt 2
Q bd 2 − wt 2 Q 100bd 2 − 14wt 2
Substituting Mp/T, = A490 bolts : =
P ad 2 + wt 2 P 62ad 2 + 21wt 2

Connections - 2 25
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

The practical alternative to the split-beam tee connection is the end-plate moment connection,
as shown in Fig. Having much simpler fabrication details, a single plate welded on the end of a
beam has become relatively common.
The 2005 AISC Manual refers to the procedure of

A. AISC Design Guide Series 4, (2nd Ed) Extended End-Plate Moment Connections, Seismic and
Wind Applications by Thomas M. Murray and Emmett A. Sumner.
B. AISC Design Guide Series 16, Flush and Extended Multiple-Row Moment End-Plate
Connections by Thomas M. Murray and W. Lee Shoemaker.
These design guides give procedures which must be considered recommended practice.

Connections - 2 26

The principal advantages are:
1. The connection is suitable for winter erection in that only field bolting is required.
2. All welding is done in the shop, eliminating field welding associated problems.
3. Without the need for field welding, the erection process is relatively fast.
4. If fabrication is accurate, it is easy to maintain plumbness of the frame.
5. Lower total installed cost for many cases.
The principal disadvantages are:

1. The fabrication techniques are somewhat more stringent because of the need for
accurate beam length and "squareness" of the beam end.
2. Column out-of-squareness can cause erection difficulties but can be controlled by
fabricating the beams ¼ in. to in. short and providing "finger" shims.
3. End plates often warp due to the heat of welding.
4. End-plates are subject to lamellar tearing in the region of the top flange tension weld.
5. The bolts are in tension, which can result in prying forces.

Connections - 2 27

Connections - 2 28
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: EXTENDED END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

Seismic and Wind Application
AISC Design Guide Series 4, (2nd Ed) Extended End-Plate Moment Connections, Seismic and
Wind Applications.

Connections - 2 29

Assumptions:
1. All bolts are tightened to a pretension not less than that given in
current AISC specifications; however, slip-critical connection
requirements are not needed.
2. The design procedures are valid for use with either ASTM A325 or
ASTM A490 bolts.
3. The smallest possible bolt pitch (distance from face of beam flange
to centerline of nearer bolt, pfo or pfi in the right fig.) generally
results in the most economical connection. The recommended
minimum pitch dimension is bolt diameter plus ½ in. for bolts up
to 1 in. diameter and ¾ in. for larger diameter bolts. However,
many fabricators prefer to use a standard pitch dimension of 2 in.
or 21/2 in. for all bolt diameters.
4. All of the shear force at a connection is assumed to be resisted by
the compression side bolts. End-plate connections need not be
designed as slip-critical connections and it is noted that shear is
rarely a major concern in the design of moment end-plate
connections.

Connections - 2 30

Assumptions contd...
5. It is assumed that the width of the end plate, bp, which is effective
in resisting the applied beam moment, is not greater than the
beam flange width plus 1 in. This assumption is based on
engineering judgment and is not part of any of the referenced end
plate design procedures.
6. The gage of the tension bolts, g, (horizontal distance between
vertical bolt lines) must not exceed the beam tension flange
width.
7. Beam web to end plate welds in the vicinity of the tension bolts
are designed to develop the yield stress of the beam web. This
weld strength is recommended even if the full moment capacity of
the beam is not required for frame strength.
8. Only the web to end plate weld between the mid-depth of the
beam and the inside face of the beam compression flange may be
used to resist the beam shear. This assumption is based on
engineering judgment; literature is not available to substantiate
or contradict this assumption.

Connections - 2 31

Overview of Theory and Mechanics
The critical section for the design of end-plate moment connections is at the face of the column
flange. The moment at the face of the column, Muc, is the sum of the expected moment at the
plastic hinge, Mpe, and the additional moment caused by the eccentricity of the shear force, Vu,
present at the hinge location. Figure 2.2 illustrates this concept.

Connections - 2 32

Overview of Theory and Mechanics
From AISC Seismic Provisions (2002), the Required Strength of a connection is determined
from the Expected Yield stress RyFy where Ry is the ratio of the expected yield stress to the
specified minimum yield stress (equal to 1.5 for Fy = 36 ksi and 1.1 for Fy = 50 ksi) and Fy is
the specified minimum yield stress of the grade of steel. The expected moment at the plastic
hinge is then,
Mpe = 1.1 Ry Fy Zx
Where multiplier 1.1 is used to increase the safety by 10%.
For unstiffened connections, Muc = Mpe + Vu (min[d/2, 3bf])
For stiffened connections, Muc = Mpe + Vu (Ls + tp)

Connections - 2 33

Yield Line Theory

Connections - 2 34

Limit state checklist
1. Flexural yielding of the end plate material near the tension
flange bolts. This state in itself is not limiting, but yielding
results in rapid increases in tension bolt forces.
2. Shear yielding of the end plate material. This limit state is not
usually observed, but shear in combination with bending can
result in reduced flexural capacity and stiffness.
3. Shear rupture of an unstiffened end plate through the outside
bolt hole line.
4. Bolt tension rupture. This limit state is obviously a brittle
failure mode and is the most critical limit state in an end-plate
connection.
5. Bolt shear rupture due to shear at the interface between the
end plate and column flange.
6. Plate bearing failure of end plate or column flange at bolts.
7. Rupture of beam tension flange to end plate welds or beam
web tension region to end plate welds.

Connections - 2 35

Limit state checklist
8. Shear yielding of beam web to end plate weld or of beam web
base metal.
9. Column web yielding opposite either the tension or
compression flanges of the connected beam.
10. Column web crippling opposite the compression flange of the
connected beam.
11. Column web buckling opposite the compression flange of the
connected beam.
12. Flexural yielding of the column flange in the vicinity of the
tension bolts. As with flexural yielding of the end plate, this
limit state in itself is not limiting but results in rapid increases
in tension bolt forces and excessive rotation at the connection.
13. Column transverse stiffener (continuity plate) failure due to
yielding, local buckling, or weld failure.
14. Column panel zone failure due to shear yielding or web plate
buckling.

Connections - 2 36

Detailing and Fabrication Practices
Proper detailing of an end-plate connection is necessary to ensure that the load path and
geometric assumptions integrated into the design procedure are properly observed.
A. It is recommended that beams with end-plate connections not be cambered since

the resulting beam end rotation will cause field fit up problems.
B. A critical aspect of end-plate connection design is the welding procedure used to
install the welds that connect the end plate to the connected beam.
CJP Groove weld for beam flange is ❑ Flange to endplate connection shall be CJP groove weld
a must for flange thickness more
for most cases. Beam web to end plate connection can be
than 3/8"
fillet type on both sides.
❑ All welds shall be in accordance with American Welding
Society standards, AWS D1.1
Fillet weld
for web ❑ Welding electrodes must meet AISC requirement:
Charpy V-notch impact value shall not be less than 20 ft-
lb at minus 20oF for the weld metal.
❑ Beam web shall be welded first to the endplate before
welding the flanges.
End plate ❑ There shall not be any weld access hole on the beam
web.

Connections - 2 37

C. Proper selection of the bolt layout

dimensions is a critical part of end-plate
connection design. Smaller bolt spacing will
result in connections that are more
economical than ones with larger bolt
spacing. However, small bolt spacing can
cause difficulties with fit-up and bolt
tightening during erection.
The three primary dimensions that must be
selected when designing and detailing end-
plate moment connections are: the bolt gage
(g), bolt pitch to the flange (pf), and bolt pitch
to adjacent bolt row (pb).

Connections - 2 38

D. The stiffening of the end plate increases the strength

and results in a thinner end plate when compared to
an equivalent unstiffened connection.
The end plate stiffener acts like a portion of the beam
web to transfer part of the beam flange tension force
to the end plate and then to the connection bolts. To
ensure a favorable load path, the detailing of the
stiffener geometry is very important.
E. Beam length and column depth tolerances are a
concern in the fabrication and erection of structural
steel moment frames utilizing end-plate moment
connections. The end plates are welded to the beam or
girder in the fabrication shop and the column flanges
are drilled to match the end plate bolt pattern. This
results in a connection with very little adjustment.

Connections - 2 39

D. The stiffening of the end plate increases the strength

and results in a thinner end plate when compared to
an equivalent unstiffened connection.
The end plate stiffener acts like a portion of the beam
web to transfer part of the beam flange tension force
to the end plate and then to the connection bolts. To
ensure a favorable load path, the detailing of the
stiffener geometry is very important.
E. Beam length and column depth tolerances are a
concern in the fabrication and erection of structural
steel moment frames utilizing end-plate moment
connections. The end plates are welded to the beam or
girder in the fabrication shop and the column flanges
are drilled to match the end plate bolt pattern. This
results in a connection with very little adjustment.

Connections - 2 40

Design Procedure by AISC Guide 4
The four primary design parameters for the design of extended end-plate moment connections
subject to cyclic loading are:
1. The required connection design moment

2. Connection bolt strength
3. End plate strength
4. Column flange bending strength
The following steps are recommended to design a bolted end-plate moment connection subject
to cyclic/seismic forces. If the connection is subject to other than cyclic/seismic forces, the
required connection moment, Muc, in Step 1 should be determined from the frame analysis.
Alternately, the design procedures in the AISC/MBMA Design Guide Series 16 (Murray and
Shoemaker 2002) may be used.

Connections - 2 41

Notations

Connections - 2 42

Notations

Connections - 2 43

Notations

Connections - 2 44

Design Steps by AISC Guide 4

Connections - 2 45


Connections - 2 46


Connections - 2 47
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: CONTINUOUS BEAM OVER CROSS-GIRDER

TYPE-1: Tension flange not attached to the cross-beam
Top plate Top plate
Cross-Girder
❑ Beam moment from one side is transferred to other side, cross beam is
not significantly affected.
❑ Cross girder acts like a continuous support only.
❑ Top plate is essentially a tension member and designed that way.

Connections - 2 48
MOMENT CONNECTIONS: CONTINUOUS BEAM OVER CROSS-GIRDER

TYPE-1: Tension flange attached to the cross-beam
Cross-beam
Bi-axial stress zone
Cross-beam
❑ Beam moment from one side is transferred to other side as well as to cross beam
❑ Cross beam is subjected to torsion by the beam.
❑ Biaxial state of stress exists in the flange of the cross-beam in the vicinity of joint.
 =  12 +  22 +  1 2  0.6F y
❑ Possibility of brittle fracture increases.

Connections - 2 49
RIGID-FRAME KNEES

Connections - 2 50
RIGID-FRAME KNEES
Shear Transfer in Square Knees
Mu
Tension in flange Tu =
0.95db
Shear capacity of web  Vab =  Fvt w dc = Tu
Mu
  Fvt w dc =
0.95db
Mu
 tw =
 Fv (0.95db )dc
Shear yield, Fv = 0.6Fy
1.95M 1.95M
t w = =
F y dbdc F y Abc
Where Abc = dcdb = planar area within knee.
Mu = factored moment.

Connections - 2 51
RIGID-FRAME KNEES
Shear Transfer in Square Knees: With diagonal stiffener
Most of the time the required thickness tw for un-stiffened knee shall exceed the
thickness provided by the web of beam or column itself at the knee. Use of stiffener shall
improve the situation.
Here v = 0.9, c = 0.9
Fcr = Critical stress in compression.
Determine Fcr from column design formulae.

Now, Ast= b x t where b and t are
stiffener section width and thickness.
Select b and t so that b/t ratio meets
T = Vab + Ts cos the local buckling criterion. Provide
stiffener on both side of the panel zone
Mu
 = v Fvt w dc + c Ast Fcr cos (b/2 on each side).
0.95db
1  Mu 
 Ast =  − v (0.6F y )t w dc 
c Fcr cos  0.95db 

Connections - 2 52
COLUMN SPLICES
BOLTED WELDED
❑ Columns of multistory buildings are generally fabricated two-story lengths.
❑ Thinner/smaller columns sections may be used for an upper floor starting from a splice
point but savings in weight may be offset by cost of detailing at spliced connection.
❑ Splicing shall be done 2 or 3 ft below or above floor level to avoid conflict with framing
joints. Best place of splice is at the location of least moment.
❑ Column ends at splice shall be machine finished to have good contact.
Nominal contact bearing strength, Rn, at column splice is
Rn = 1.8Fy Apb
where Apb is the contact bearing area. Design strengths Rn/ or Rn can be obtained using
=0.75 or =2.0. This bearing strength is much greater than the axial strength of the column
and will seldom prove critical in the member design.
Connections - 2 53
COLUMN SPLICES
SPLICE DESIGN BY AISC Manual Section 14
❑ AISC Manual provides tables for column

splice design.
❑ Twelve different cases (Case-I to XII) are
presented which generally covers most of
the design requirement.

Connections - 2 54
BEAM SPLICES
Four plate beam splice Eight plate beam splice
Forces acting on the web splice plates

Connections - 2 55
BEAM SPLICES
Needed because:
❑ Full length of member may not be available.
❑ It may be economical to splice instead of buying a full length member.
❑ As an aid in cambering.
❑ To accommodate change in section size.
Design:
❑ Must be able to transmit M and V occurring at splice point.
❑ Groove welded splice must be able to develop the full moment and shear
capacity of the smaller section at splice.
❑ AASHTO: Splice must be able to develop at least 75% of the capacity of the
member in addition to the required design moment at splice.
❑ If moment for the structure were computed using theory of statically
indeterminate structures without a hinge within the span, one should not
later design a splice on that span that has low stiffness to act as hinge.

Connections - 2 56
COLUMN BASES

Connections - 2 57
COLUMN BASES
Design Considerations:
1) Concentric Compressive Axial Loads: Usually the case of gravity loading
where moments due to gravity loading (D + L) can be neglected.
2) Tensile Axial Loads: Typically related to lateral loading conditions e.g.
wind or earthquake load on lattice towers.
3) Base Plates with Small Moments: Most common condition for buildings
(specially braced buildings) that arises due to gravity loading.
4) Base Plates with Large Moments: Typically the condition where lateral
load is acting in combination with gravity loading.
5) Design for Shear: Mainly due to lateral load

Connections - 2 58
COLUMN BASES
Concentric Compressive Axial Loads:
AISC Procedure
➢ Load is concentric
➢ Bearing pressure is uniform
➢ Plate outside the critical section acts
as cantilever.
Covered in CE319

Connections - 2 59
COLUMN BASES
Bases subjected to axial load plus moment

Connections - 2 60
COLUMN BASES
Axial load plus small moment
Column Holding down bolt / P

Anchor bolt
Base plate
M
Concrete base
M d
e= 
P 6
P 6M
fp = +
bd bd 2
d
Section
d d
M d e=
e= =
P 6 2
2P
b fp = d
bd
d P
Plan

Connections - 2 61
COLUMN BASES
Axial load plus high moment
Column Holding down bolt /
Anchor bolt
Base plate
M d
Concrete base e= 
d’ P 6
2P
fp =
d bd 
Section
d d
e
T 2
b P +T
d
Plan

Connections - 2 62
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Anchor Rods

Connections - 2 63
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Anchor Rod Failure Modes

Connections - 2 64
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Anchor Rod Failure Modes

Connections - 2 65
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Uplift Capacity Based on Concrete Failure
Uplift capacity of group of anchor may not
be the sum of the capacity of individual
anchors. When failure cones of individual
anchors overlap, gross uplift capacity is
reduced.
Failure ACI 318-11 Appendix-D Provision

Single anchor
cone
Failure Failure
cone cone
Group action

Connections - 2 66
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Horizontal Shear Capacity Based on Concrete Failure
ACI 318-11 Appendix-D Provision

Connections - 2 67
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Reinforcement for Concrete for Tension
ACI 318-11 Appendix-D Suggestions

Connections - 2 68
COLUMN BASES
Anchoring to Concrete: Reinforcement for Concrete for Shear
ACI 318-11 Appendix-D Suggestions

Connections - 2 69
COLUMN BASES
Baseplate and Anchor Rod Design References

005 Connections 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

005 Connections 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CE 6121 Advanced Structural Steel Design 2

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Intended to transfer only the

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

❑ Angle acts approximately as a cantilever beam

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

➢ Blogett’s method: required

➢ For very stiff seats, bearing

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

This topic is covered in CE319

Local web crippling of the beam

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

(b) Web crippling

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

2. Determine the moment arms e and ef

3. Determine thickness of the seat angle:

4. Calculate weld size or bolt requirement based on corresponding limit states

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS (Simple Shear Connections)

For welded connection, once the stiffener dimensions have been

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Local web crippling

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: T-STUB CONNECTION & PRYING ACTION

For bolted moment connections,

2P =Tension in top T-Stub

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: T-STUB CONNECTION

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

The 2005 AISC Manual refers to the procedure of

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

The principal disadvantages are:

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: EXTENDED END-PLATE CONNECTIONS

Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2018

MOMENT CONNECTIONS: EXTENDED END-PLATE CONNECTIONS