Name: Jirah N.

Kingad

COMPUTERS IN TRANSPORTATION

1. How are bicycles made?

Although bamboo and plastic frames have been used in the past, today's road bikes are
composed of one or a combination of these four materials: steel, aluminum, titanium,
and carbon fiber. The raw materials and the design on paper are traced throughout the
manufacturing process. We watch how the steel tubes of the frames, handle bars, gear
wheels, pedal cranks, pedals, spokes, wheels, and hubs are made until the entire
bicycle is ready for testing.

2. How are cars made?

In order to manufacture vehicles and auto parts, the automobile industry need raw
resources from all over the world. Steel, rubber, plastics, and aluminum are four main
materials found in automobiles. The car will go along a factory's moving assembly line
as robots and humans work on it. Workers at the manufacturing factory will assemble
the car and may collaborate with robots on some jobs. Robotic work cells will weld,
solder, screw, and glue pieces to the car on their own.

3. How are airplanes made?

The majority of modern airplanes are built of aluminum, a strong but lightweight metal.
Airplanes are constructed in four stages. Engineers must plan and design the airplane
before anything else. The designs are then tested using computer simulations utilizing
CAD software. The airplane's many components are then assembled. Finally, the
puzzle parts are put together.

4. How are trains made?

The move from cast iron in early locomotives has progressed to the point where many
of the train's load-bearing elements, including the carriage bodies, are now entirely built
of aluminum. Studies, full-scale design models and aerodynamic tests, manufacturing
train components, traction chain tests, testing elements for crash simulation, fabricating
and testing the structure, painting, window and floor installation, cable assembly,
installing interior equipment, electrical tests, placing the body onto the bogie, train
assembly, loading the on-board software, static and dynamic tests in the train

5. How are ships made?

Even though steel is quite expensive, most modern ships are still made of it. As a result,
some larger boats are now composed of strong, lightweight metals like aluminum, whilst
smaller boats are frequently made of light composites like fiberglass or super-strong
plastics. The manufacturing process usually starts at the yard's western end, where thin
steel plates are stacked. Welded and sliced into panels, the plates are longer and wider
than a city bus. The panels are then twisted and formed into the ship's structure. The
Matsonia is the ship that is currently being built.
 6. Explain how the use of computers has influenced changes in the design
phase of automotive manufacturing.
The incorporation of technical advancements makes cars safer and more user-friendly,
as well as adding various features that increase their worth and use for car owners.
Modern autos, like modern cell phones, are capable of much more than merely getting
you from one place to another. To summarize, computers today control GPS, parking,
cruise control, emissions monitoring, engine temperature, temperature management,
and a variety of other functions.

7. What are the benefits of computerizing and integrating the processes of

automotive design and manufacturing? Cite specific examples of ways in
which these benefits have already been realized.
It ensures an error-free production process while also reducing manual labor and
automating repetitive activities. Productivity and quality have both improved. Design and
manufacturing interaction has been improved. Reduced direct and indirect labor across
all levels and functional units, including middle management, engineering,
administrative, and operations support.

8. Name and describe some examples of embedded computers in

transportation. Compare the potential advantages and disadvantages.
a. Industrial Automation- Control systems, such as computers or robots, and
information technologies are used to handle various processes and
machineries in an industry in order to replace a human being. It is the next
step in the industrialization process after mechanization.
b. Intelligent Transportation- a set of cutting-edge information and
communication technologies used in transportation and traffic
management systems to improve the safety, efficiency, and long-term
viability of transportation networks, as well as to minimize traffic
congestion and improve driver experiences.
c. Medical Equipment- Through telemedicine and other remote systems,
doctors can remotely monitor patients' health and make diagnostic and
treatment decisions.
d. Airplanes- In commercial airplanes, it's utilized for in-flight entertainment,
temperature control, speed control, sensors, flight management systems,
flight data recorders, and engine control.
e. Vending Machines and Kiosks- A kiosk is a self-contained computer
terminal that gives information access. Vending machines are self-service
vending machines that offer snacks, beverages, and smokes.
f. Digital Signage- A sub-segment of signage is digital signage. LCD, LED,
and projection technologies are used to show content on digital signage.
Benefits include ease of mass manufacturing, excellent reliability, increased product
quality, embedded systems that work on minimal power, embedded systems that
operate quickly, and they are portable and tiny in size. The downsides include that there
is limited room for technical advancements, embedded systems are difficult to maintain,
backing up embedded files is difficult, and battery-powered embedded systems have
less power supply endurance.