The Role Of Social Work in Preventing Teenage Pregnancy School Year 2018-2019

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Teenage pregnancy has been a worldwide issue that needs to be confronted to mitigate the

problems of maternal adolescent child bearing, especially in the third world countries. In fact, it

has emerged on South Asia and Western Europe (Raj et al., 2010). It is reported in India that

adolescent pregnancy is one of the serious health threat for women aged 15-19 years old (Patra,

2016). On Nigeria, the ratio of teenage mothers to women in their 20s who actually die during

pregnancy and child birth is 5:1. In addition, they likely have more likely mortality rates for

infants (Amoran, 2012). Teen pregnancy rates vary from state to state, and they appear to be

influenced by a couple of different factors. In general states with the highest number of teens

tend to have the highest number of pregnancies (Guttmacher, 2010).

Consequently, the social analysts the researchers enumerated some of the reason why

pregnancies among adolescents have been increasing in spite of interventions from government

health agencies and NGOs. Thus, the reasons varies from socio-economic status (Dulita et al.,

2013), lack of education, teenagers initiation to sexual activity, family history of teenage births,

etc.

However, in the Philippines have the same predicament regarding the teenage

pregnancy. Due to the official ranking of the United Nation Population Fund Agency in 2012,

the number of teenage pregnancies, aged 10-19 years old, have interested to 70% over the last
1
ten years. As a result, this has imposed a huge problem towards the achievement of Millenium

Development Goals that puts the country in red alert (Philippine News Agency, 2012). On the

other hand teenage pregnancy in Western Visayas, including Negros Occidental is increasing,

contributing 15.1% to the national teenage fertility rate, the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and

Sexuality rate, the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFS) of Commission on

Population ( PopCom) showed. Of the most 1.4 million youth population in the region ages 15-

24 years old, about 925,00 or 66% are females. Of this number, 62 to 63 percent are into teenage

pregnancy or "illegitimate births" according to PopCom. Data also revealed that in the National

Scale, Western Visayas ranked number 7 with Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in terms

of teenage pregnancy rate with 18.4%.

Social Workers are expected to provide a range of services to pregnant teenagers as

individuals, groups & member of communities (Kyie, 2012). Thus social workers are key role

players in debate around the needs of pregnant teenagers as well as upholding their rights (Rubin

& Babbie, 2011).

The general objective of conducting this study is to describe the roles of social workers in

preventing teenage pregnancy in the students and young adults. This will also lessen the cases of

teenage pregnancy in Murcia, Negros Occidental.

2
Statement Of The Problem

The primary aim of this study is to describe the Role of Social Worker In Preventing

Teenage Pregnancy among the students of Murcia National High School Year 2018-2019.

Specifically, this answers to the following questions:

I. What are the profile of the respondents?

II. What is the role of social workers in preventing teenage pregnancy?

III. What Social Work services are rendered to prevent the cases of teenage pregnancy?

Scope of the Study

This study centers the Role of Social Worker in preventing Teenage Pregnancy among the

students of Murcia National High School. This include the four chosen social workers in the

Municipality of Murcia and Guidance Counselors in the Murcia National High School. This

covers the second semester of School Year 2018-2019. The researchers on this research study

can provide a database of information for future reference. Likewise the findings can showcase

ideas and suggestions for the improvement of the Social Workers competency, specifically in

dealing with the students in educating them in Teenage Pregnancy Preventions. To acquire the

need information, the researchers will conduct a correlational interview with each of the

respondents.

3
Significance of the Study

This study is deem beneficial to the following:

Administrator. This study may serve as a basis in formulating ideas in making plans, activities

and programs that will help minimize and prevent the cases of teenage pregnancy in the school.

Social Worker and Guidance Counselors. The outcome of this study will serve as a foundation

for the social workers and Guidance Counselors in formulating plans in making activities and

implementing free services that will help in preventing teenage pregnancy among the students.

Furthermore, this will also serve as an inspiration to them to improve their communication skills

in dealing with the students to help develop and also motivate them to be wise in every decision

they will make.

Teachers. The result of enslaver will serve as a basis of every teachers in making activities

inside the classroom that will help enlighting the students about teenage pregnancy.

Parents. The results of the study will notify parents concerning the numerous cases of teenage

pregnancy nowadays. Moreover this can serve as a basis to help parents thwart their children

against their bad doings and will help in guiding them in their decisions in life.

Students. The results of this study can enlighten the students as regards to teenage pregnancy.

This study will also help students to be conservative and conscious with their actions and will

improve their decision making in life.

Future Researcher. This study will serve as a source to other researcher interested in carrying

out for their research and provide explanation to the given topic.

4
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

According to Olunlade (2010), a teenager is a person who falls within the teen ages, that

is, between 13 and 19 years old. This definition is not universally accepted as some believed it

comprised of persons of ages between 13 and 17 years only (Lawin, 2012) and some other

scholars5believed it is made up of persons between the ages of 14 and 19 years (World Health

Organization - WHO, 2006). Teenagers can therefore be regarded as an adolescent which is a

stage between childhood and adulthood. They are also either regarded as older children or

younger adults. According to Lawin (2006), a substantial proportion of the members of every

society in the developmental stage are termed “adolescence” or otherwise called “teenage”. It is

a transitional period between the end of childhood and beginning of adulthood5or maturity.

Count ( 2010) stated that persons within this age categories are sexually active and adventurous

because this is when sexual maturity starts. Langham (2015), said that chhildren at this stage are

said to be in a state of confusion because they are curious about sex. With these definitions,

teenagers make up a significant proportion of the world’s population.5

Ashimolowo et al. (2013, explained that pregnancy is a physiological process, presenting with

history of missed period, fatigue, breast enlargement and tenderness, abdominal distension,

nausea and vomiting together with light-headedness. Pregnancy is expected to occur by default

after marriage, which is a universal social institution between adult males and females and

through marriage; these adults acquire new social status as husbands and wives (United Nations,

2010). However, pregnancy now occurs in children especially those in their teens. Teenage

5
pregnancy is a situation whereby a female person is pregnant in her teen ages (Nyakubega,

2011). This is as a result of lack of knowledge or ignorance about sexual behavior

activities.6According to Aquino et al. (2013) and Duncan (2010), teenage pregnancy tends to

emerge in contexts marked by social vulnerability and lack of opportunities. In line with this

stand, Daly and Wilson (2011) used the phrase “devaluing future” while giving a possible

explanation for adolescent or teenage pregnancy. Globally 15 million women under the age of 20

give birth, representing up to one-fifth of all births (WHO, 2009). Also WHO (2011) reported

that an average of 529, 000 women die due to pregnancy and child birth related complication on

a yearly basis.

However, in the Philippines have the same predicament regarding the teenage

pregnancy. Due to the official ranking of the United Nation Population Fund Agency in 2012,

the number of teenage pregnancies, aged 10-19 years old, have interested to 70% over the last

ten years. As a result, this has imposed a huge problem towards the achievement of Millenium

Development Goals that puts the country in red alert (Philippine News Agency, 2012). On the

other hand teenage pregnancy in Western Visayas, including Negros Occidental is increasing,

contributing 15.1% to the national teenage fertility rate, the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and

Sexuality rate, the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFS) of Commission on

Population ( PopCom) showed. Of the most 1.4 million youth population in the region ages 15-

24 years old, about 925,00 or 66% are females. Of this number, 62 to 63 percent are into teenage

pregnancy or "illegitimate births" according to PopCom. Data also revealed that in the National

Scale, Western Visayas ranked number 7 with Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in terms

of teenage pregnancy rate with 18.4%.

6
 Undiyaundeye (2015), said that there are many reasons why teenagers get pregnant

commonly, this include; Poor pressure. many young people feel that there are under pressure by

friends to have sexual intercourse earlier that there previous generation. This is the only way they

will be seen to belong to the modern class of girls and boys societal and cultural changes: The

society has introduce a lot of social media about sex and these has add as a fetal ground for

teenagers to explore the options wrongly. Poor education. Many young people believed that they

cannot get pregnant at the first instance of intercourse with the opposite sex, poor attitude to the

use of contraceptive devices, sexual abuse, inspirational approaches from associates or friends,

hormones driving urge to have sex, accident on bed control devices, rebellion of acting big,

irresponsible and unguided way of interacting with the opposite sex, lack of role models, chaotic

life style, poverty as a result of low economic background .

Most authors have linked poverty to teenage pregnancy and its subsequent motherhood.

The demand is that they see poverty as a cause at the same time an effect to teenage pregnancy.

For instance, Kuller and Twumasi (2014) opined that in rural communities, family financial

exigencies and social custom influence girls to stay out of school and enter into early serious

relationships which lead them into getting pregnant at early stages of their lives thereby making

them continue to be in the cycle of poverty. This presupposes that tackling teenage pregnancy

would have no trickling down effects on poverty and vice-versa. However, teenage pregnancy is

one of the social ills that affect our living society. The existence of teenage pregnancy does not

augur well for the development of the girl-child. This is attributable to the girls’ age and the

absence of any consistent means of support to care for the children and themselves when they

should have been in school. It is alleged that teenage and its associated motherhood are

characterized with shame, disgrace, school dropout and sometimes end of the individual’s
7
dreams of achieving higher pursuits. According to Yampoikaya, Brown and Greenbanm (2010)

approximated that 60% of teenage mothers live in abject poverty at the time of the birth of their

babies, and approximately 73% go on social welfare within some period of giving birth. Mohase

(2013), asserted that teenage pregnancy has a lot of social consequences which include school

dropout or interrupted schooling, falling prey to criminal activity, abortion, ostracism, child

neglect, school adjustment difficulties for their children, adoption, lack of social security,

poverty, repeated pregnancy and negative effects on domestic life. Consequently, many girl

teenage mothers who are unable to get an education fall into the victim of poverty whereby

creating a vicious cycle of early pregnancies, illiteracy and poverty which can be hard to break as

already stated. The World Health Organization (2011) recorded that the implications of early

pregnancy are immense, affecting the girls and their parents emotionally, psychologically,

physiologically and economically. However, for a young girl to be pregnant, the complications

associated with it include high risks of infections, delivery complications as well as mental

deaths respectively8Consequently, many girl teenage mothers who are unable to get an education

fall into the victim of poverty whereby creating a vicious cycle of early pregnancies, illiteracy

and poverty which can be hard to break as already stated. The World Health Organization (2011)

recorded that the implications of early pregnancy are immense, affecting the girls and their

parents emotionally, psychologically, physiologically and economically. However, for a young

girl to be pregnant, the complications associated with it include high risks of infections, delivery

complications as well as mental deaths respectively.8

As such, social workers administer practical services and thereby offer counseling to

stimulate and support the psychological energy of pregnant teenagers. Schmied & Tully (2010)

explained that social worker record the pregnant teenagers’ personal information, explore their
8
problems, make assessments, intervene, make follow-ups, and terminate sessions when the set

goals have been reached. Social workers employ various skills essential for social work practice

when providing services for pregnant teenagers. For example, listening skills are required to

elicit information and assemble relevant facts from pregnant teenagers in order to prepare a

social history, an assessment, and a report (Carolus, 2008:49). In other words, micro level

intervention emphasis the personal interaction with the pregnant teenagers on an individual level

or as a couple. This involves one-on-one discussions between the social worker and the pregnant

teenager. Moreover, Schmied & Tully (2010) stressed the idea that the social worker’s key role

is to build and maintain a relationship with pregnant teenagers and their families to facilitate

engagement in services and to modify behaviors. that can create obstacles to their achieving their

goals. This is done by referring pregnant teenagers to resources such as clinics. Social workers

also refer clients to other service providers such as nurses and medical practitioners for

additional provision of health services .According to Strydom & Tlhojane (2011),social workers

can also provide pregnant teenagers with new information, advising and educating them about

coping skills and behavior modification. In other words, social workers help teenagers realize

their strengths and resources within themselves. The assistance of social workers towards extra

support and understanding plays an important role in reducing the strain a teenager experiences

(Motjelebe, 2009:18). When handling teenage pregnancy cases, social workers also conduct

home visits and attend family meetings.

Panday et al. (2012) stated that community workers provide social work services to

pregnant teenagers, focusing on a number of services such as “school-based sex education, peer-

education programs, adolescent-friendly clinic initiatives, mass-media interventions as well as

community-level programs” to encourage pregnant teenagers to remain at school. It should be

9
borne in mind that prevention activities take place at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels

(Fogel & Mason, 2012). Doyle (2010) explained that primary prevention focuses on protecting

pregnant teenagers in order to avoid problems from occurring by making sure that targeted action

is undertaken timely and efficiently. Secondary prevention, on the other hand, is used to identify

and prevent the problem from progressing; for instance, pregnant teenagers are encouraged to

curb their identified problem behavior through counseling (Doyle, 2010). Tertiary prevention is

used to prevent the problem behavior of pregnant teenagers from spreading to other teenagers

(Walker, 2005:12). Regarding the secondary methods of social work, administrative tasks are put

in place to achieve service effectiveness and organizational change, while research is conducted

to discover and apply new knowledge to create and improve services that attend to the needs of

pregnant teenagers (Nicholas et. al., 2010).

10
 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The researches needed the information and the profile of the respondents such as their

age, sex, including their role as a social worker in preventing teenage pregnancy, the various

programs implemented to prevent teenage pregnancy and the effects of these programs to the

lives of the students. To acquire such information, the researchers will conduct an interview by

using semi-structured questionnaire and will evaluate and analyze the data for the purpose of

enriching the knowledge of the students about the said problem and will help lessen the cases of

teenage pregnancy.

Input Process Output

 To give awareness
about the teenage
I. Profile of the
pregnancy
respondents
 Interview
 To give emphasis to
A. Age the role of Social
B. Gender Worker and Guidance
C. Work Counselor
 Data analysis and
II. The role of Social interpretation of data
 To know the programs
Worker / Guidance
and ways implemented
Counselor in
by Social Worker and
preventing teenage
Guidance Counselor in
pregnancy.
preventing teenage
pregnancy
III. The programs and
ways that they  To lessen the
implemented to increasing rate of cases
prevent teenage of teenage pregnancy
pregnancy. in Murcia, Negros
Occidental

11
Figure 1: Paradigm of The Role of Social Worker in Preventing Teenage Pregnancy School Year

2018-2019

This study is anchored on three theories namely The Psychosocial theory, the Systems

Theory and the Role Theory.

Psychosocial Theory was posited by Erik Erikson in 1959, psychosocial theory draws on

and is influenced by the earlier work of Sigmund Freud. However, psychosocial theory focuses

on the ways that individuals are shaped by and react to their social environment.

According to Erikson’s theory, individuals’ sense of self grows and evolves as they come

into contact with a number of social crises throughout their life, each of which forces the

individual to react and adapt. These social crises include trust versus mistrust, which occurs in

infancy and informs how an individual trusts; industry versus inferiority, which informs qualities

like work ethic, competency and self-worth; and intimacy versus isolation, which provides the

basis for love. Each of Erikson’s social crises inform how individuals see themselves, how they

react to the world and people around them, and what skills they develop in life. Taken together,

these crises form a “maturation timetable” that social workers can use to inform how they treat

clients, what services they provide and in what ways a particular client differs from what’s

expected.

The Systems Theory

Social workers employ systems theory in order to understand the dynamic interrelations

between individuals, families, institutions and societies. Generally, they want to identify how a

12
system functions and what aspects of that system have a negative impact on people. Further,

social workers look to understand how they can cause positive change through the social work

system and community. Systems theory looks at the factors that influence behavior including:

family, friends, school, social class, and life atmosphere. Social workers applying this theory

look to fix or improve the parts of the individual's system that don't work. They also focus on the

positive attributes of their patient's lives that do have positive effects on behavior and the overall

life system.

The Role Theory

Role theory provides a theoretical lens with which to study and describe the direct and

indirect influences of the social environment on the individual. Role theory is congruent with

social work's historical emphasis on person-environment transactions (Davis, 1996; Thompson &

Greene, 2009). Role theory posits that, " when the behaviors expected of an individual are

inconsistent – one kind of role conflict – he/she will experience stress, become dissatisfied, and

perform less effectively than if expectations imposed on him/her did not conflict " (Rizzo,

House, & Lirtzman, 1970). In role theory, role expectations are defined as position-specific

norms, that identify the attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions required and anticipated for a role

occupant (Hardy, 1978 ; Hardy & Hardy, 1988). In other words, they are the set of expectations

for the behaviors of a person or a position held by a particular person or by a generalized other

(Davis, 1996). For example, society holds a certain expectation of social workers as human

service professionals. Demands in the performance of his or her designated roles (Davis, 1996).

It may also occur when the employee's role in the agency requires that they perform in a manner

that is inconsistent with their values (Cox & Steiner, 2013). The constructs of role theory provide

13
an approach to the social analysis of behavior. The primary aim of role theory is to explain the

ways our social environment directly and indirectly affects behavior (Davis, 1996). Role theory's

application to the child welfare field is common; professionals are referred to families due to a

family member(s ) not adequately fulfilling their " proper " role. However , CWPs experience

high stress, resulting in high turnover, partly due to the increasing demands of their caseload

families and their inability to understand and meet those needs (Weaver, Chang, Clark, & Rhee,

2007). Role ambiguity may occur for CWPs when they are confronted with situations where

their expectations for role performance are unclear or are in the process of being redefined

(Davis, 1996).

14
Definition of Terms

Roles. Conceptually role refers to a set of connect behaviors, rights, obligation, beliefs and

norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. Operationally this refers to the part of

social worker and guidance counselor in preventing teenage pregnancy in municipality of

Murcia.

Social Worker. Operationally, this refers to a profession concerned with helping individuals,

families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being.

Operationally, it refers to the social worker of Municipality of Murcia who is task in helping

students with their decisions in life.

Guidance Counselor. Conceptually, it refers to a person who gives help and advice to students

about educational and personal decisions. Operationally, this refers to the Guidance Counselors

of Murcia National High School.

Prevention. Conceptually, this refers to an action or a set of actions designed to stop something

before it actually happens. Operationally, it refers to the averting of teenage pregnancy in

Municipality of Murcia specifically, in Murcia National High School.

Teenage pregnancy. Conceptually, this refers to the situation which involves female adolescents

aged 13-19 who became pregnant. Operationally, this refers to the young adolescents in the

municipality of Murcia who enters the life of parenthood in their early young age.

15
Respondents. Conceptually, it refers to the person who gives response or answer to the question

that is asked especially as part of a survey. Operationally, this refers to the 10 chosen social

workers and guidance counselors in the Municipality of Murcia.

Chapter III

Methodology

Research Design

This research design will use qualitative research design desciptive in nature. Descrptive

analysis is employed.

Locale

This research will be conducted around the are of the Municipality of Murcia,

specifically at the Murcia National High School and Murcia Social Welfare and Development

Organization.

Respondents

The respondents of this research are age social workers of MSWDO and the school

counselors of Murcia National High School. There are 10 chosen selected respondents with 1

male and 9 female.

16
Data Collection Method and Tools

For the purpose of this research, in depth interviews will gonna be use. In depth

interviews are personal and unstructured interviews, whose aim is to identify participants

emotions, feelings and opinions regarding a particular research subject.

Sampling Technique

The method of purposive sampling is use to develop the sample of research under

discussion. According to this method, which belongs to the category of non-probability sampling

techniques, sample members are selected on the basis of their knowledge, relationships &

expertise regarding a research subject. In the current study, the sample members who are selected

have special relationship with the phenomenon under investigation, sufficient & relevant work

experience in the field of counseling.

17
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This study describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the research
findings. The findings relate to research questions that guided the study. Data were analyzed to
identify, describe and explore the Role of Social Worker in Preventing Teenage Pregnancy.

I. Profile of the respondents

Table No.1
Variable Category Frequency Percentage

Age 25-31 1 25%

32-36 3 75%

Total 4 100%

As shown in the table no.1 above, 3 out of 4 or 75% of the respondents aged 32-36 years
old and 1 out of 4 or 25% of the respondents aged 25-31 years old.

Table No.2
Variable Category Frequency Percentage

Gender Female 3 75%

Male 1 25%

Total 4 100%

18
 As shown in the table no.2 above, 3 out of 4 or 75% of our respondents were identified
as female and 1 out of 4 or 25% of our respondents were identified as male.

Table No.3
Variable Category Frequency Percentage

Work Guidance 3 75%

Counselor /
Teacher

Social Worker 1 25%

Total 4 100%

As shown in the table no.3 above, 3 out of 4 or 75% of the respondents were identified
as a Guidance Counselor and a Teacher of Murcia National High School and 1 out of 4 or 25%
of the respondents were identified as a Social Worker.

II. What are the roles of the Social Worker and Guidance Counselor in preventing
Teenage Pregnancy?

Our respondents answered that their roles as a Social Worker and Guidance Counselor in
preventing teenage pregnancy are the following:

Respondent No.1

“Organizing program /event and another forms of gathering to inform and strengthen up their
morals”

Respondent No.2

“Help the student/learner to understand what the importance of life is. Give them advice, to assist
and to counsel those students/learners that are suffering from different kinds of situation which
involves their sexuality”

19
Respondent No.3

“Several role are identified for school counselors, working with teachers and students in sex
education, as a guidance coordinator my/our role is/are to act as a consultant when developing
guidelines for sex education programs because of our knowledge of teenager's developmental
stages. The idea is that with greater discussion and acknowledgement of development, students
will make correct decisions about whether to engage in sexual activity or not.”

Respondent No.4

“ Social workers help manage when working with teen mothers involve mental health, substance
abuse, poverty, and past academic failure. In addition to supporting pregnancy- and parenting-
related issues, social work for teen mothers involves individual and group counseling both in and
out of the classroom setting. Another important function of individual and group therapy is
helping teen mothers deal with past and/or present trauma.”

III. What are the programs or ways that you implemented to prevent teenage
pregnancy?

Respondent No.1

“ I do counseling and seminars to the students”

Respondent No.2

“Give our students the privilege to undergo 10 Days Lecture about Drug Abuse Resistance
Education or “D.A.R.E” Program, symposium and seminars. This doesn’t only teach students
about saying NO to drugs, alcohols and tobaccos but we teach them the refusal skills and how to
leave from situation that could bring them into troubles.”

Respondent No. 3

“To prevent teenage pregnancy, the guidance office and the peer counseling club with the help of
DSWD/POPCOM, the responsible adolescence and healthy young one's program have been
implemented. This programs focuses not only on the emotional and physical risk of sexual
intercourse, but also on refusal and negotiation techniques for those pressured to have sex. It also
focuses on showing teenagers what life options exist for them outside of young pregnancy.”

Respondent No.4
20
“In order to minimize and to prevent the teenage pregnancy cases in the Municipality of Murcia,
we designed some programs that helps in minimizing it, this include the following:

• collaboration with outside community organizations;

• on-site healthcare and childcare services;

• on-site individual counseling and mentorin

Chapter 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation

This chapter presents the Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation on

The Role of Social Worker and Guidance Counselor in Preventing Teenage Pregnancy.

Summary of Findings

The result of this study indicates that the Social Worker and Guidance Counselor plays a
crucial role in preventing teenage pregnancy. They organize different programs such as
counseling and seminars to the students, give students the privilege to undergo 10 Days
Lecture about Drug Abuse Resistance Education or “D.A.R.E” Program, symposium and
seminars, collaboration with outside community organizations, on-site healthcare and
childcare services, on-site individual counseling and mentoring, on- and off-site group
therapy sessions and responsible adolescence and healthy young one's seminars and training.
They help the student/learner to understand what the importance of life is. They act as a
consultant when developing guidelines for sex education programs because of our knowledge
of teenager's developmental stages.

Conclusions

Base on the findings of the researcher we conclude that Social Worker and Guidance
Counselor plays an important role in the lives of every students. With the programs that they
implemented which is really beneficial for it empowers the mind of the youth and making them
aware that their actions and choices in life has its own consequences and responsibilities.

21
Moreover, this program helps in minimizing the increasing rate of teenage pregnancy cases here
in Murcia. They not only focus on teenage pregnancy, but they also tackles about drug addiction,
alcohols, smoking and etc. which were also one of the rampant issue where most of the students
were involved. Hence, we really need to increase and strengthen the numbers of social workers
and guidance counselors in the Municipality of Murcia in order to reach out more students and
place which are suffering it that kind of situation.

Recommendation

Base on the Summary of Finding, we recommend the following:

 Administrator of Murcia National High School are encourage to design plans and
implementation of programs in preventing Teenage Pregnancy
 Murcia National High School teachers are encourage to formulate plans, seminars,
activities that help elevate the knowledge of the students about PMS that can lead to
teenage pregnancy.
 Guidance Counselors and Social Workers are encourage to undergo seminars and
counseling to the students to strengthen up their morals. They should also formulate
plans, activities and symposium to help and enlighten the students about their choices and
actions in life.
 Parents as a guardian are encourage to strengthen their parental guidance to their
children. They are also encourage to listen and talk to their children at home regarding on
what they are experience on their school or on their lives.
 Murcia National High School students should be responsible and take good care of their
actions and behavior. They should think first before they react on a certain situation.
They should be responsible with their actions and decisions in life, in order for them to
avoid getting trouble.
 Future Researcher are encourage to delve deeper about the role of Social Worker and
Guidance Counselor and also on the best strategies that Social Worker and Guidance
Counselor can do.

22
References

JIvanjee, P., Pendell, K., Nissen, L., & Goodluck, C. (2016). Lifelong learning in social work: A
qualitative exploration with social work practitioners, students, and field instructors. Advances in
Social Work 16(2), 260-275.23

Borne, Pilar Thompson, "Social work students' attitudes toward teenage pregnancy prevention:
the importance of religiosity and feminist ideology" (2011). LSU Master's Theses. 2364.

https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/236423

Poppy, Alexia A.. (2012). The Role of a School Social Worker from an Administrator’s
Perspective. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website:
https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/7423

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice Volume 8, Issue 1 Spring 2015

http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/ 23

Linda Openshaw (2008) Social Work in School: Principles and Practice, New York, NY: The
Guilford Press

23
QUESTIONNAIRE

1.Profile of respondents in terms of :

A . Age

B. Gender

C. Work

2. What is your role in preventing teenage pregnancy as a social worker or

guidance counselor?

3. What are your ways or program implemented to prevent teenage pregnancy as a

social worker or guidance counselor?

24