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tckawmh bl'dkZmawGudk aMumufae&NyD/


စစ္ခ႐ိုနီမ်ားႏွင့္ ထိုင္းကုမၸဏီတို႕၏ ညစ္ညမ္းေသာေက်ာက္မီးေသြးတြင္း
ဘန္းေခ်ာင္း၊ ထားဝယ္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ျမန္မာ

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ဆက္သြယ္ရန္ - banchaung.dawei@gmail.com ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၁၅


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tpD&ifcHpm taMumif;
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tpD&ifcpH mtwGuf tBuHÓPfaumif;ESifh taxmuftyHah umif;rsm;ay;ygaom xm;0,foak woetzGUJ


(DRA)? Spirit in Education Movement (SEM)? u&if obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;qdkif&m vIyf&Sm;
rIuGef&uf (KESAN) wdkYudk aus;Zl;wifygonf/ ,if;tjyif tpD&ifcHpm jzpfajrmufa&;udk,fpGrf;
ÓPfpGrf; pdkufxkwfulnDay;ygaom vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;csif;pDtm;vnf;aumif;? txl;ojzihf udk,f
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aus;Zl;pum;qdktyfygonf/

qufoG,f&ef - banchaung.dawei@gmail.com

2 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
tpD&ifcHpm tESpfcsKyf

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pDrHudef;rSm jrefrmtpdk;&ESihf u&iftrsdK;om;tpnf;t½kH; (KNU) wdkY ESpf&yfvkH;\ pDrHtkyfcsKyfrIESihf e,fajr
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jzpfonf/

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 3
tkycf sKyfa&;tNydKifjzpfaejcif;ESifh pDrt
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tmrcHcsufrvdkbJ vkyfief;pwifa&; ¤if;\xdyfwef;tquftoG,frsm;udk tokH;jyKcJhonf/ pDrHudef;udk
a'ocH&mG om;rsm;\ obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh vlrt I usK;d oufa&mufrpI pfwrf; (ESIA) vkyaf qmifjcif;r&Sb d ?J
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arzvm;0g;ukrÜPDonf xdkif;ukrÜPDESpfckjzpfaom East Star ukrÜPD? Thai Asset Mining ukrÜPDwdkYESihf


rdwfzuftjzpf vkyfudkifvsuf&Sdonf/ ,if;xdkif;ukrÜPDESpfckonf bef;acsmif;{&d,majrjyifwGif vkyfief;
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(vrf;aMumif;ydwfqdkYrIaMumifh) vrf;tNyD;azmuf&ef vkyfief;&yfxm;&onf/ xdkpOftwGif; East Star
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4 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
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bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 5
t"du tBuHjyKcsufrsm;
jrefrmtpdk;& owåKwGif;0efBuD;XmeodkY
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jrifomrI&SdNyD; t"dyÜm,fjynhf0aom vlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI &Sd&rnf/

jrefrmjynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESihf weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&odkY
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ajz&Sif;NyD;onhftcsdefxd East Star owåKwGif; vnfywfrItay: axmufcHay;xm;rIudk &yfqdkif;
xm;&ef/

6 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
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vma&mufaom &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm; wm0efodpGmvkyfudkifa&; em;cswGef;tm;ay;yg/

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 7
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2011 aESmif;ydkif; odkYr[kwf 2012 tapmydkif; umvwpf&yfwGif ukrÜPDu uGrf;acsmif;BuD;&Gm vkyfuGuf


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3
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bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 17
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East Star ukrP


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4
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e,fpyfrw S pfqihf ta&SUbufoYkd ausmufr;D aoG; o,f,yl YkdaqmifaepOf Thai Asset ukrP Ü rD mS taemufbufrS
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tapmydkif;ü Thai Asset u 2013 ckESpfwGif vrf;pwifazmufvkyfcsdef &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;rSm axmufcHrI


ay;cJhMuonf/ ukrÜPDtaeESihf ,if;vrf;azmufvkyfjcif;onf bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wGif;rS ausmuf
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jzpfvmrnfqo kd nfukd &Gmom;rsm; em;vnfoabmaygufvmaomtcg {u 60 vkyu f u G t f eD;&Sd uGr;f acsmif;
BuD;aus;&GmrSm pd;k a&csed jf rihw
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qefYusif&ef pkpnf;nDnGwfvmMuawmhonf/ &yf&GmtzGJUtpnf; (bef;acsmif;a'ocHrsm;) rsm;onf 2014
ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvwGif Thai Asset ESifh East Star ukrP Ü w
D Ykd\ vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk ydwq f Ykdvu kd Mf uawmhonf/

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 19
KNLA \ vsijf refpmG jyefvnfz,f&mS ;rIaMumihf East Star ukrP
Ü u D vrf;aMumif;jyefyiG o fh mG ;cJah omfvnf;
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xm;rIaMumihf Thai Asset ukrÜPD\ NyD;pD;vkeD; vrf;azmufvkyfrIudk xda&mufpGm [efYwm;xm;EdkifcJhonf/
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KNU udk zdtm;ay;cJhonf/

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yxkrfxmeDopfpuf (xdkif;EdkifiH)ESihf &efukef tJa0;avaMumif;vdkif;wdkY jzpfonf/6

East Star Company Limited Thai Asset Mining Company Limited


East Star Company onf KNU c½dkiftqihf cGihfjyK Thai Asset ukrP
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Energy Earth Public Company Limited


Energy Earth trsm;ydi
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7
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6
http://www2.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=1924
7
Energy Earth Annual Report 2014

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 23
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24 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
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tvufrsm;om ay;cJhonf/

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 25
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bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 27
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10
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vGwv f yfí BuKwd ifnEd§ iId ;f oabmwlncD su&f ,ljcif; (FPIC) udk csK;d azmufvsu&f o
dS nf/ bef;acsmif;a'ocHrsm;onf
jrefrmppfwyfESihf KNLA wdkY\ vTrf;rdk;rIudkaMumuf&GHUMuNyD; owåKvkyfief;ESihfywfoufonhf ¤if;wdkY\
oabmxm;rSwfcsufudk vGwfvyfpGmay;cGihfr&Muay/ owåKwGif;aMumihf O,smOfNcHajrqkH;½IH;cJhonhf &Gmom;
rsm;onf pDru H ed ;f taMumif; BuKdwiftoday;olr&Sb d J ajr,mrsm;odr;f qnf;cH&NyD; oD;ESrH sm; zsufq;D cH&rSom
od&SdcJhMuonf/

¤if;wdkYudk owåKwGif;tm; cGihfjyKcGihfcsay;&mwGifvdktyfonhf vlxkyg0ifrIESihf owif;tcsuftvuf yGihfvif;


jrifomrIrsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;r&SdbJ vQKdU0SufcJhum bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;ESihfywfoufí jzpfvmEdkifonhf
tusKd;&v'frsm;udk vkHavmufpGmtoday;jcif; r&SdcJhay/ odkYjzpfí bef;acsmif;owåKwGif; pDrHudef;onf
FPIC \ vdt k yfcsuo
f ;Hk &yfukd csK;d azmufco
hJ nf/ pDru
H ed ;f yg tcsut
f vufrsm;onf wdik yf ifaqG;aEG;jcif;rjyKbJ
pDru
H ed ;f udk a&SUqufvyk u
f ikd o
f nfxufpmvQif bef;acsmif;wGif ausmufr;D aoG;wl;azmfjcif;? vkyif ef;wd;k csUJ jcif;ESifh
qufvufvkyfaqmifjcif;tay: u&ifa'ocHrsm;\ jiif;y,fcGihfudk av;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/

12
For more information on the state of indigenous rights in Myanmar, see the joint submission to the 23rd session of the UN Universal
Periodic Review, by the Coalition of Indigenous Peoples in Myanmar/Burma, March 2015.

38 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
bef;acsmif; ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfjcif;vkyfief;onf tjcm; ukvor*¾rSxkwfjyefaMunmonhf Xmae
wdkif;&if;rsm;\ tcGihfta&;rsm;pGmudkvnf; csKd;azmufcJhonf/ UNDRIP tyk'f 13 wGif azmfjyxm;onhf
a'ozGHUNzdK;rItwGuf a'ocHrsm;\ udk,fydkifOD;pm;ay;rIESihf r[mAsL[ma&G;cs,fydkifcGihfudk csKd;azmufum
a'ocH&Gmom;rsm;\ zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf udk,fydkifvrf;a&G;cGihfudk owfrSwf&ef tcGihfta&;ray;cJhay/ owåK
ukrÜPDrsm;\ bef;acsmif;&Sd avxk? ajrxkESihf a&xknpfnrf;rIonf u&ifvlxk\ tjrihfqkH; usef;rma&;
tqihf cHpm;ydkifcGihf (tyk'f 24) ESihf olwdkY\ obm0ywf0ef;usifudk xdef;odrf; umuG,fydkifcGihf (tyk'f 29)
udk csKd;azmufonf/ txl;ojzihf bef;acsmif;&Sd u&ifajray:wGif owåKwGif;xGuf npfnrf;ajrpmrsm;
Oya'rJhpGefYypfrIESihf odkavSmifxm;rIonf UNDRIP tyk'f 29 udk csKd;azmufonf/13

bef;acsmif;&Sd u&ifvlxkonf ¤if;wdkY\ajr,mESihf t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESihf ½dk;&mt& euf½dIif;onhf qufET,frI


&Sdonf/ rsKd;½dk;pOfquftvdkuf tvSnhfuspdkufysdK;a&;? ig;xdef;odrf;apmihfa&Smufa&;uef (tdkif) rsm;ESihf
opfawmtokH;jyKrIudk xkH;wrf;"avht&usihfokH;NyD; ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfESihf udkufnDonhf NydKifbufuif;
enf;vrf;udk xdef;odrf;xm;onhf ½dk;&mwdkif;&if;aq;udk xdef;odrf;tm;ay;onf/

bef;acsmif;onf xm;0,fc½dik t
f wGi;f ,if;Xmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI"avhrsm;udk usio fh ;Hk qJjzpfonhf
a'oESpfckwnf;&Sdonhfteuf wpfckjzpfonf/ ,if;aMumihf bef;acsmif; ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfjcif; vkyfief;
onf a'ocH&Gmom;rsm;\ toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkHNcHKrIudk Ncdrf;ajcmuf½kHomru a'ocHrsm;\ ½dk;&mt&
ydkifqdkifonhf ajr,mudkyg xdef;odrf;apmihfa&SmufcGihf (tyk'f 24) ESihf ¤if;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rI tarGtESpfESihf
,Ofaus;rI todrsm;udk xdef;odrf;? csKyfudkif? umuG,f zGHNzdK;cGihf (tyk'f 31) wdkYudk csKd;azmuf½kHomru
¤if;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIwpfckvkH;ESihf vlaerIb0udk zsufqD;&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufonf/

13
UNDRIP Article 29: “States shall take effective measures to ensure that no storage or disposal of hazardous materials shall take
place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples without their free, prior and informed consent.”

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 39
uGrf;oD;ajcmuf xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;pOfwGif ulnDaeonhf uav;rsm;

a&mif;cs&ef uGrf;oD;o,fvmonhf &Gmom;wpfOD;

40 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
ed*kH;ESihf tBuHjyKcsufrsm;
bef;acsmif;&Sd ausmufr;D aoG;wl;azmfa&;vkyif ef;onf xm;0,f&dS obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh a'otodik ;f t0dik ;f rsm;tm;
Ncdrf;ajcmufaeonhf tysufoabmaqmifaom zGHUNzdK;rIerlemwpfckjzpfonf/ xdvG,f&SvG,fonhf y#dyu©
a'owGif tpd;k &tkycf sKyfrt I m;enf;jcif;udk tcGi, fh ul m arzvm;0g;owåKukrP Ü ED iS fh ¤if;\ rdwzf ufrsm;onf
¤if;wdYk \ c½dek o D al X;tquftoG,rf sm;tok;H jyKum a'ocHXmaewdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ qE´EiS q fh efYusifonhf
wm0ef,rl rI &Sad om pDru H ed ;f udk taumiftxnfazmfco hJ nf/ owåKw;l azmfjcif;ESifh vrf;azmufvyk jf cif;rsm;aMumihf
&Gmom;rsm;\ usef;rma&;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESihf vkHNcHKa&;udk qdk;0g;pGmxdcdkufapcJhNyD; ,if;vkyfief;rsm;
qufvufwdk;csJUvkyfaqmifcGihfjyKygu ydkrdkqdk;0g;pGmxdcdkufrnf jzpfonf/ txl;ojzihf vlaygif; 10ç000
ausmftwGuf t"dua&t&if;tjrpfudk zsufqD;½kHomru rsKd;uGJpkHvifvSonhf ig;owå0grsm;udkyg ysufpD;
aprnhf bef;acsmif;ESifh weoFm&Djrpftqdyo f ihrf oI nf pd;k &drzf ,
G &f mjzpfonf/ þwm0ef,rl rI &So d nhpf rD u H ed ;f
onf a'ocHtodkif;t0dkif;ESihf obm0ywf0ef;usifudk qdk;0g;pGmxdcdkufap½kHomru bef;acsmif;&Sd u&if
vlxk\ vlaerIb0wpfckvkH;udkzsufqD;&ef Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; a'ocH&Gmom;rsm;twGuf jrifomxifomonhf
aumif;usK;d vnf;ray;ay/ &Gmom;rsm;\use;f rma&;? toufarG;0rf;aMumif;? obm0ywf0ef;usi?f vkNH cHKa&;
ESifh vlaerIb0xdcu kd yf supf ;D aprIrsm;udk jyefvnfupk m;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ bef;acsmif;&Sd arzvm;0g;ukrP Ü \D
vkyfydkifcGihfESihf vkyfief;rsm;udk pDrHudef;rsm;tm; jrefrmEdkifiH\ Oya'ESihf EdkifiHwum usio fh ;Hk rIrsm;ESifh
uduk n f aD tmifvu kd ef mapNyD; xda&mufpmG jyefvnfo;Hk oyf? apmihMf unhNf yD;onftxd &yfem;xm;&rnf/ a'ocH
&Gmom;rsm;tm; a'ozGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkifa&G;cs,fonhf vrf;aMumif;twdkif; aqmif&Guf&ef
tcGihfta&;ay;oihfonf/

]] 'Dausmufr;D aoG;vkyif ef;[m uReaf wmf


wdYk &Gm? uReaf wmfwYkd obm0ywf0ef;usief YJ
uRefawmfwdkYb0udk zsufqD;vdrhfr,f/
b0vdYk ajym&wmu 'DrmS &Sw d hJ vlwikd ;f [m
ajray:rSmrScD akd e&Ny;D obm0ywf0ef;usif
uae toufarG;0rf;aMumif; vkyfMu
w,f/ uReaf wmfwYkd ,Ofaus;rIeYJ vlaerI
b0awG[m ajr,meJY ywfoufw,f/
uReaf wmfwYkd O,smOfNcHu uReaf wmfwYkd
vdw k m tm;vk;H ay;NyD; wu,fvYkd 'Dajr
awGom zsufqD;cH&&if uRefawmfwdkY
b0vnf; aysmufqkH;oGm;rSmyJ}} 14

14
awGUqkHar;jref;rI 1? bef;acsmif;a'o? Zlvkdif 2013

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 41
þtpD&ifcHpmu atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tBuHKjyKonf/

owåKwGif; 0efBuD;XmeodkY

 bef;acsmif;&Sd owåKvkyif ef;rsm;udk yGiv


fh if;jrifomrI&o
dS nhf obm0ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh vlraI &;&m
qef;ppfrIudk obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;Oya'? enf;Oya'ESihf yGihfvif;jrifomNyD;
t"dyÜm,f&Sdonhf vlxkyg0ifrI&Sdaom EIA tpDtpOfjyKvkyfNyD;onftxd &yfwefYxm;yg/
 arzvm;0g; ukrP Ü ED iS fh ¤if;\rdwzf ufrsm;onf obm0ywf0ef;usifprD cH efYcaJG &; tpDtpOfEiS fh
Oya'rsm;udk vdkufemrI&Sdap&ef EITI rS udk,fpm;vS,fESihftwl apmihfMuyfyg/
 xdcdkufonhf a'ocHtodkif;t0dkif;ESihf ywfoufaeonhf vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; pDrHudef;
tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonhf pmcsKyfygtcsuftvuftao;pdwf? pDrHudef;wdk;csJUrnhftpDtpOf?
owåKwGif;xGufypönf;rsm;udk wifydkYjcif;ESihf jynfwGiftokH;jyKrI? xkwfvkyfrIvsmxm;yrmP?
ausmufr;D aoG;rS&&So
d nhf aiGaMu;? ajr,mok;H pGcJ ESifh tcGet
f cay;aqmifrEI iS fh tjcm;vdt
k yfNyD;
pDpOfxm;onhf npfnrf;rIxdef;csKyfa&; tpDtpOfrsm;udk wifjy&rnf/
 obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIa&;&m qef;ppfrIjyKvkyfrI rNyD;pD;csdefESihf obm0ywf0ef;usif
pDrHcefYcGJrItpDtpOfr&SdrD owåKvkyfief;BuD;rsm;tm; cGihfjyKjcif;udk &yfwefYxm;yg/

jynfaxmifpktpdk;&ESihf weoFm&Dwdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&odkY

 weoFm&Da'otwGuf u&iftrsKd ;om;tpnf;t½k;H ESiyfh ;l aygif;NyD; vlxyk g0ifonhv f yk if ef;pOfrS


wpfqihf a'owGif;&Sd jrpfrsm;? urf;ajcrsm;? yifv,frsm;udk oefY&Sif;vSypGmxm;&SdEdkifNyD;
aumif;rGeo f nhf opfawmESifh awm½dik ;f wd&pd mä efrsm;udk xde;f odr;f NyD; a'ocHrsm;ESifh oihaf wmfNyD;
jidrf;csrf;onhf zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifyg/ xdkYtjyif jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf
rQwNyD; yGihfvif;jrifomrI&Sdonhf t&if;tjrpfESihf tcGefb@maiGcGJa0a&; rl0g'udkvnf;
tNyD;owf a&;qGJoihfonf/

42 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015
 ppfrSefaom a&&SnfwnfwHhrIESihf wef;wlnDrIodkYa&S;½Ií txl;ojzihf pGrf;tifESihf owåKwGif;
u@ESihf ywfoufaeaom zGHUNzdK;a&;rl0g'rsm;udk jyefvnfokH;oyfjyifqifyg/
 wdkuf½dkufxdcdkufcHpm;&rnhf a'ocHrsm;taejzihf vGwfvyfNyD; BudKwifod&SdydkifcGihf r&Edkifrnhf
wdkif;&if;om;a'orsm;wGif owåKwl;azmfcGihftwGuf cGihfjyKjcif;udk &yfwefYyg/ wnfNrJonhf
jidr;f csr;f a&;udk taumiftxnfazmfEikd o
f nftxd? owåKwiG ;f pDru
H ed ;f rsm;udk xdxad &mufa&muf
apmihfMunhfEdkifonftxd cGihfjyKcsuftopfrsm;ay;&ef apmihfqdkif;yg/

u&iftrsdK;om; tpnf;t½kH;odkY

 bef;acsmif;&Sd a'ocHrsm;\toHukd em;axmifNyD; a'ocHXmae wdik ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ajr,mrsm;?


toufarG;0rf;aMumif;vkyfief;rsm;? vkHNcHKa&;? usef;rma&;ESihf obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m
Ncdr;f ajcmufrt
I ay: oihwf ihpf mG ajz&Si;f NyD;onftxd East Star ukrP
Ü \
D owåKvkyif ef;rsm;udk
axmufcHrItm; &yfwefYyg/
 KNU \ pD;yGm;a&;rl0g'jzpfonhf a'ocHrsm;\ toufarG;0rf;aMumif;ESihf KNU ? KNLA
\ vkHNcHKa&;udk xdcdkufatmifrjyKvkyfonhf rl0g'udk vdkufemyg/

arzvm;0g; owåKwGif;ukrÜPDESihf pD;yGm;a&;rdwfzufrsm;odkY

 obm0ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&; Oya'? enf;Oya'ESihf EIA vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;t& aphpyf


aocsmNyD; yGihfvif;jrifomonhf obm0ywf0ef;usifESihf vlrIqdkif&mqef;ppfcsuf jyKvkyfNyD;
onftxd owåKwGif;vkyfief;rsm;udk &yfwefYxm;yg/ EIA vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;onf
yGihfvif;jrifomNyD; t"dyÜm,f&Sdonhf vlxkyg0ifrIjyKvkyf&rnf/ obm0ywf0ef;usif pDrHcefYcGJrI
tpDtpOfudk vlxkodatmifwifjy&rnfjzpfNyD; vlxkudk,fwdkif apmihfMunhfavhvmNyD; vdkufem
aprnhf u@xnhfoGif;ay;&rnf/

bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015 43
 npfnrf;rItusKd;&v'faMumihf usef;rma&;jyóemrsm; cHpm;ae&onhfolrsm;twGuf a&&Snf
use;f rma&;taxmuftyHEh iS fh toufarG;0rf;aMumif; taxmuftyHt
h ygt0if xdcu
kd cf pH m;&onhf
&Gmom;rsm;twGuf rQwonhf avsmfaMu;tjynhft0ay;jcif;jzihf wm0eftjynhf,lyg/
 owåKwGif;vkyfief;aMumihf aemufxyftqdyfoihfrIudk umuG,f&efESihf owåKwGif;vkyfief;
vkyu
f ikd pf OfEiS fh vkyu
f ikd Nf yD;aemuf ajr,mudk ,ciftajctaetwdik ;f jyefjzpf&ef ukpm;ay;rnhf
tpDtpOfudk ukrÜPDESihf ¤if;\ pD;yGm;a&;rdwfzufrsm;u &Sif;jyyg/
 ajr,modrf;qnf;rIudk a&Smif&Sm;NyD; tqdyfoihfapjcif;ESihf a'ocHwdkif;&if;om;rsm;\
ajr,mESihfywfoufNyD; y#dyu©jzpfaprIudk a&Smif&Sm;yg/
 tpdk;&? pD;yGm;a&;rdwfzufrsm;ESihf tusdK;tjrwf cGJa0rIqdkif&mrsm;ESihf ywfoufonhf
tcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfjyefyg/

jrefrmEdkifiH? xdkif;EdkifiH&Sd vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESihf EdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;odkY

 owåKvyk if ef; pDru H ed ;f rsm;\ obm0 ywf0ef;usiEf iS fh vlraI &;qdik &f m xdcu
kd o
f ufa&mufrrI sm;udk
teD;uyfapmihMf unhNf yD; okawoejyKvkyu f m vlxek m;vnfoabmaygufvmatmif jyKvkyyf g/
xdkif;EdkifiHESihf tjcm;EdkifiHrS wm0efcHonhf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI jzpfay:vmatmifESihf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif
obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m tkyfcsKyfrIydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif em;cspnf;½kH;vkyfaqmifyg/

44 bef;acsmif;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmfa&;tpD&ifcHpm 2015

usnfqHawGudk aMumufvef ch hJzl;w,f?
tckawmh bl'dkZmawGudk aMumufae&NyD/


စစ္ခ႐ိုနီမ်ားႏွင့္ ထိုင္းကုမၸဏီတို႕၏ ညစ္ညမ္းေသာေက်ာက္မီးေသြးတြင္း
ဘန္းေခ်ာင္း၊ ထားဝယ္ခ႐ိုင္၊ ျမန္မာ

T k
Tarkapaw

ဆက္သြယ္ရန္ - banchaung.dawei@gmail.com ေအာက္တိုဘာ ၂၀၁၅

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